Effects of Image Scale and System Time Delay on Simulator Sickness within Head-Coupled Virtual Environments
Novel patterns of visual-vestibular intersensory stimulation often result in symptoms of simulator sickness, raising health and safety concerns regarding virtual environment exposure. Two experiments investigated the effect of conflicting visual-vestibular cues on subjective reports of simulator sic...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Human factors 2001-03, Vol.43 (1), p.129-146 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 146 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 129 |
| container_title | Human factors |
| container_volume | 43 |
| creator | Draper, Mark H. Viirre, Erik S. Furness, Thomas A. Gawron, Valerie J. |
| description | Novel patterns of visual-vestibular intersensory stimulation often result in symptoms of simulator sickness, raising health and safety concerns regarding virtual environment exposure. Two experiments investigated the effect of conflicting visual-vestibular cues on subjective reports of simulator sickness during and after a 30-min exposure to a head-coupled virtual interface. Virtual image scale factors (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 magnification, generated by varying geometric field of view angle) were investigated in Experiment 1, and additional system time delays (125, 250 ms) were investigated in Experiment 2. Simulator sickness metrics included spoken self-reports during exposure and simulator sickness questionnaires (pre-exposure, immediate postexposure, and 20 min postexposure). Head yaw angular position data were also recorded. Reports of simulator sickness symptoms were significantly greater in the minification (0.5) and magnification (2.0) image scale factor conditions than in the neutral condition (1.0). Simulator sickness did not vary with changes in time delay, however. Furthermore, a comparison across experiments suggests no appreciable increase in simulator sickness with increasing time delays above the nominal value (48 ms). Head angular position data exhibited certain systematic variations across conditions. Actual or potential applications of this research include virtual environment training, simulation, and entertainment systems. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1518/001872001775992552 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_71032676</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A78056254</galeid><sage_id>10.1518_001872001775992552</sage_id><sourcerecordid>A78056254</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-4a834ae2f88bdddbbef297dddd70fec29930a8c5def663d468eb19417da57e023</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0kGL1DAUB_AgijuufgEPEmTxZN0kTZr0uIyju7DgYVavJW1exuy2yZi0ynx7U2ZgFh2UQhvK770kjz9Cryn5QAVVl4RQJVl-SynqmgnBnqAFFVwWiir6FC1mUGShztCLlO4JIVVdiufojFIueS5aoIeVtdCNCQeLbwa9AbzudA9Ye4PXuzTCgO_cAPgj9HqHg8drN0y9HkPMq-7BQ0r4lxu_O4-vQZtiGaZtDwZ_c3GcdI9X_qeLwQ_gx_QSPbO6T_Dq8D1HXz-t7pbXxe2XzzfLq9uiEzUfC65VyTUwq1RrjGlbsKyWeWUkyWdldV0SrTphwFZVaXiloKU1p9JoIYGw8hy92_fdxvBjgjQ2g0sd9L32EKbUSEpKVsnqvzAjynk9w7d_wPswRZ8v0TBacSE450e0yQNsnLdhjLqbOzZXUhFRMTGj9yfQBjxE3QcP1uXfj3lxgufHwOC6U57tfRdDShFss41u0HHXUNLMoWn-Dk0uenO43dQOYI4lh5RkcHEAOuV02Kh959Kj1jyPdN78cs9SztFxQv_Y-TfS0tS4</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>216455444</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Effects of Image Scale and System Time Delay on Simulator Sickness within Head-Coupled Virtual Environments</title><source>Access via SAGE</source><source>MEDLINE</source><creator>Draper, Mark H. ; Viirre, Erik S. ; Furness, Thomas A. ; Gawron, Valerie J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Draper, Mark H. ; Viirre, Erik S. ; Furness, Thomas A. ; Gawron, Valerie J.</creatorcontrib><description>Novel patterns of visual-vestibular intersensory stimulation often result in symptoms of simulator sickness, raising health and safety concerns regarding virtual environment exposure. Two experiments investigated the effect of conflicting visual-vestibular cues on subjective reports of simulator sickness during and after a 30-min exposure to a head-coupled virtual interface. Virtual image scale factors (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 magnification, generated by varying geometric field of view angle) were investigated in Experiment 1, and additional system time delays (125, 250 ms) were investigated in Experiment 2. Simulator sickness metrics included spoken self-reports during exposure and simulator sickness questionnaires (pre-exposure, immediate postexposure, and 20 min postexposure). Head yaw angular position data were also recorded. Reports of simulator sickness symptoms were significantly greater in the minification (0.5) and magnification (2.0) image scale factor conditions than in the neutral condition (1.0). Simulator sickness did not vary with changes in time delay, however. Furthermore, a comparison across experiments suggests no appreciable increase in simulator sickness with increasing time delays above the nominal value (48 ms). Head angular position data exhibited certain systematic variations across conditions. Actual or potential applications of this research include virtual environment training, simulation, and entertainment systems.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-7208</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1547-8181</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1518/001872001775992552</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11474759</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HUFAA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adult ; Attention ; Biological and medical sciences ; Computer Simulation ; Computer Terminals ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Intersensory effects ; Male ; Motion sickness ; Motion Sickness - psychology ; Multimodal perception ; Orientation ; Perception ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Psychophysics ; Reaction Time ; Size Perception ; Space life sciences ; Synthetic training devices ; User-Computer Interface ; Virtual reality</subject><ispartof>Human factors, 2001-03, Vol.43 (1), p.129-146</ispartof><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2001 Sage Publications, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Spring 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-4a834ae2f88bdddbbef297dddd70fec29930a8c5def663d468eb19417da57e023</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-4a834ae2f88bdddbbef297dddd70fec29930a8c5def663d468eb19417da57e023</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1518/001872001775992552$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1518/001872001775992552$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,21819,27924,27925,43621,43622</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1047104$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474759$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Draper, Mark H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viirre, Erik S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furness, Thomas A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gawron, Valerie J.</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Image Scale and System Time Delay on Simulator Sickness within Head-Coupled Virtual Environments</title><title>Human factors</title><addtitle>Hum Factors</addtitle><description>Novel patterns of visual-vestibular intersensory stimulation often result in symptoms of simulator sickness, raising health and safety concerns regarding virtual environment exposure. Two experiments investigated the effect of conflicting visual-vestibular cues on subjective reports of simulator sickness during and after a 30-min exposure to a head-coupled virtual interface. Virtual image scale factors (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 magnification, generated by varying geometric field of view angle) were investigated in Experiment 1, and additional system time delays (125, 250 ms) were investigated in Experiment 2. Simulator sickness metrics included spoken self-reports during exposure and simulator sickness questionnaires (pre-exposure, immediate postexposure, and 20 min postexposure). Head yaw angular position data were also recorded. Reports of simulator sickness symptoms were significantly greater in the minification (0.5) and magnification (2.0) image scale factor conditions than in the neutral condition (1.0). Simulator sickness did not vary with changes in time delay, however. Furthermore, a comparison across experiments suggests no appreciable increase in simulator sickness with increasing time delays above the nominal value (48 ms). Head angular position data exhibited certain systematic variations across conditions. Actual or potential applications of this research include virtual environment training, simulation, and entertainment systems.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Attention</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Computer Simulation</subject><subject>Computer Terminals</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intersensory effects</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Motion sickness</subject><subject>Motion Sickness - psychology</subject><subject>Multimodal perception</subject><subject>Orientation</subject><subject>Perception</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Psychophysics</subject><subject>Reaction Time</subject><subject>Size Perception</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Synthetic training devices</subject><subject>User-Computer Interface</subject><subject>Virtual reality</subject><issn>0018-7208</issn><issn>1547-8181</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AVQMV</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>K50</sourceid><sourceid>M1D</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0kGL1DAUB_AgijuufgEPEmTxZN0kTZr0uIyju7DgYVavJW1exuy2yZi0ynx7U2ZgFh2UQhvK770kjz9Cryn5QAVVl4RQJVl-SynqmgnBnqAFFVwWiir6FC1mUGShztCLlO4JIVVdiufojFIueS5aoIeVtdCNCQeLbwa9AbzudA9Ye4PXuzTCgO_cAPgj9HqHg8drN0y9HkPMq-7BQ0r4lxu_O4-vQZtiGaZtDwZ_c3GcdI9X_qeLwQ_gx_QSPbO6T_Dq8D1HXz-t7pbXxe2XzzfLq9uiEzUfC65VyTUwq1RrjGlbsKyWeWUkyWdldV0SrTphwFZVaXiloKU1p9JoIYGw8hy92_fdxvBjgjQ2g0sd9L32EKbUSEpKVsnqvzAjynk9w7d_wPswRZ8v0TBacSE450e0yQNsnLdhjLqbOzZXUhFRMTGj9yfQBjxE3QcP1uXfj3lxgufHwOC6U57tfRdDShFss41u0HHXUNLMoWn-Dk0uenO43dQOYI4lh5RkcHEAOuV02Kh959Kj1jyPdN78cs9SztFxQv_Y-TfS0tS4</recordid><startdate>20010301</startdate><enddate>20010301</enddate><creator>Draper, Mark H.</creator><creator>Viirre, Erik S.</creator><creator>Furness, Thomas A.</creator><creator>Gawron, Valerie J.</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Human Factors and Ergonomics Society</general><general>Sage Publications, Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AVQMV</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K50</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1D</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PADUT</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010301</creationdate><title>Effects of Image Scale and System Time Delay on Simulator Sickness within Head-Coupled Virtual Environments</title><author>Draper, Mark H. ; Viirre, Erik S. ; Furness, Thomas A. ; Gawron, Valerie J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c594t-4a834ae2f88bdddbbef297dddd70fec29930a8c5def663d468eb19417da57e023</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Attention</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Computer Simulation</topic><topic>Computer Terminals</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intersensory effects</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Motion sickness</topic><topic>Motion Sickness - psychology</topic><topic>Multimodal perception</topic><topic>Orientation</topic><topic>Perception</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Psychophysics</topic><topic>Reaction Time</topic><topic>Size Perception</topic><topic>Space life sciences</topic><topic>Synthetic training devices</topic><topic>User-Computer Interface</topic><topic>Virtual reality</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Draper, Mark H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viirre, Erik S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furness, Thomas A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gawron, Valerie J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Arts Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Art, Design & Architecture Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Arts & Humanities Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Research Library China</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Human factors</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Draper, Mark H.</au><au>Viirre, Erik S.</au><au>Furness, Thomas A.</au><au>Gawron, Valerie J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of Image Scale and System Time Delay on Simulator Sickness within Head-Coupled Virtual Environments</atitle><jtitle>Human factors</jtitle><addtitle>Hum Factors</addtitle><date>2001-03-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>43</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>129</spage><epage>146</epage><pages>129-146</pages><issn>0018-7208</issn><eissn>1547-8181</eissn><coden>HUFAA6</coden><abstract>Novel patterns of visual-vestibular intersensory stimulation often result in symptoms of simulator sickness, raising health and safety concerns regarding virtual environment exposure. Two experiments investigated the effect of conflicting visual-vestibular cues on subjective reports of simulator sickness during and after a 30-min exposure to a head-coupled virtual interface. Virtual image scale factors (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 magnification, generated by varying geometric field of view angle) were investigated in Experiment 1, and additional system time delays (125, 250 ms) were investigated in Experiment 2. Simulator sickness metrics included spoken self-reports during exposure and simulator sickness questionnaires (pre-exposure, immediate postexposure, and 20 min postexposure). Head yaw angular position data were also recorded. Reports of simulator sickness symptoms were significantly greater in the minification (0.5) and magnification (2.0) image scale factor conditions than in the neutral condition (1.0). Simulator sickness did not vary with changes in time delay, however. Furthermore, a comparison across experiments suggests no appreciable increase in simulator sickness with increasing time delays above the nominal value (48 ms). Head angular position data exhibited certain systematic variations across conditions. Actual or potential applications of this research include virtual environment training, simulation, and entertainment systems.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>11474759</pmid><doi>10.1518/001872001775992552</doi><tpages>18</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0018-7208 |
| ispartof | Human factors, 2001-03, Vol.43 (1), p.129-146 |
| issn | 0018-7208 1547-8181 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_71032676 |
| source | Access via SAGE; MEDLINE |
| subjects | Adult Attention Biological and medical sciences Computer Simulation Computer Terminals Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Health aspects Humans Intersensory effects Male Motion sickness Motion Sickness - psychology Multimodal perception Orientation Perception Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychophysics Reaction Time Size Perception Space life sciences Synthetic training devices User-Computer Interface Virtual reality |
| title | Effects of Image Scale and System Time Delay on Simulator Sickness within Head-Coupled Virtual Environments |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-03T23%3A06%3A59IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effects%20of%20Image%20Scale%20and%20System%20Time%20Delay%20on%20Simulator%20Sickness%20within%20Head-Coupled%20Virtual%20Environments&rft.jtitle=Human%20factors&rft.au=Draper,%20Mark%20H.&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=129&rft.epage=146&rft.pages=129-146&rft.issn=0018-7208&rft.eissn=1547-8181&rft.coden=HUFAA6&rft_id=info:doi/10.1518/001872001775992552&rft_dat=%3Cgale_proqu%3EA78056254%3C/gale_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=216455444&rft_id=info:pmid/11474759&rft_galeid=A78056254&rft_sage_id=10.1518_001872001775992552&rfr_iscdi=true |