Regional Neural Dysfunctions in Chronic Schizophrenia Studied With Positron Emission Tomography

OBJECTIVE: Whether chronicity of illness produces progressive neural abnormality is an important question in current schizophrenia research. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers an opportunity to visualize and measure blood flow in vivo to address this issue. The authors previously compared hea...

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Veröffentlicht in:The American journal of psychiatry 2000-04, Vol.157 (4), p.542-548
Hauptverfasser: Kim, Jae-Jin, Mohamed, Somaia, Andreasen, Nancy C., O'Leary, Daniel S., Watkins, G. Leonard, Boles Ponto, Laura L., Hichwa, Richard D.
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container_end_page 548
container_issue 4
container_start_page 542
container_title The American journal of psychiatry
container_volume 157
creator Kim, Jae-Jin
Mohamed, Somaia
Andreasen, Nancy C.
O'Leary, Daniel S.
Watkins, G. Leonard
Boles Ponto, Laura L.
Hichwa, Richard D.
description OBJECTIVE: Whether chronicity of illness produces progressive neural abnormality is an important question in current schizophrenia research. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers an opportunity to visualize and measure blood flow in vivo to address this issue. The authors previously compared healthy volunteers with neuroleptic-naive patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia and reported that abnormalities in blood flow, including lower flow in prefrontal regions and higher flow in the thalamus and cerebellum, are present at the early stage of schizophrenic illness. The goal of the present study was to measure blood flow with PET in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: PET was used to examine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 30 normal comparison subjects. To determine if the patterns of flow abnormality in the patients with chronic schizophrenia were similar to those of patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia, the same cognitive condition was examined as in the earlier study. The patients with chronic schizophrenia in the current study had been neuroleptic-free for at least 3 weeks. RESULTS: As in the authors' previous study, the chronically ill patients showed lower flow in prefrontal areas and higher flow in thalamic and cerebellar regions than normal comparison subjects, suggesting that a similar neural dysfunction occurs in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: rCBF abnormalities in patients with chronic schizophrenia are not due to chronicity of illness or the effects of medication. These results provide evidence that the primary neural abnormalities in schizophrenia may occur in cortical, cerebellar, and thalamic regions and that the dysfunction in these regions may explain the "loosening of associations" that Bleuler considered to be the fundamental cognitive phenotype of schizophrenia. These abnormalities can be reconceptualized as "cognitive dysmetria."
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Leonard ; Boles Ponto, Laura L. ; Hichwa, Richard D.</creator><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jae-Jin ; Mohamed, Somaia ; Andreasen, Nancy C. ; O'Leary, Daniel S. ; Watkins, G. Leonard ; Boles Ponto, Laura L. ; Hichwa, Richard D.</creatorcontrib><description>OBJECTIVE: Whether chronicity of illness produces progressive neural abnormality is an important question in current schizophrenia research. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers an opportunity to visualize and measure blood flow in vivo to address this issue. The authors previously compared healthy volunteers with neuroleptic-naive patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia and reported that abnormalities in blood flow, including lower flow in prefrontal regions and higher flow in the thalamus and cerebellum, are present at the early stage of schizophrenic illness. The goal of the present study was to measure blood flow with PET in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: PET was used to examine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 30 normal comparison subjects. To determine if the patterns of flow abnormality in the patients with chronic schizophrenia were similar to those of patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia, the same cognitive condition was examined as in the earlier study. The patients with chronic schizophrenia in the current study had been neuroleptic-free for at least 3 weeks. RESULTS: As in the authors' previous study, the chronically ill patients showed lower flow in prefrontal areas and higher flow in thalamic and cerebellar regions than normal comparison subjects, suggesting that a similar neural dysfunction occurs in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: rCBF abnormalities in patients with chronic schizophrenia are not due to chronicity of illness or the effects of medication. These results provide evidence that the primary neural abnormalities in schizophrenia may occur in cortical, cerebellar, and thalamic regions and that the dysfunction in these regions may explain the "loosening of associations" that Bleuler considered to be the fundamental cognitive phenotype of schizophrenia. These abnormalities can be reconceptualized as "cognitive dysmetria."</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-953X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1535-7228</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.542</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10739412</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPSAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood flow ; Brain - blood supply ; Brain - diagnostic imaging ; Brain - physiopathology ; Cerebellum - blood supply ; Cerebellum - diagnostic imaging ; Cerebellum - physiopathology ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Measures ; Medical sciences ; Neurology ; Oxygen Radioisotopes ; Patients ; Positron emission tomography ; Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply ; Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. 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Leonard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boles Ponto, Laura L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hichwa, Richard D.</creatorcontrib><title>Regional Neural Dysfunctions in Chronic Schizophrenia Studied With Positron Emission Tomography</title><title>The American journal of psychiatry</title><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE: Whether chronicity of illness produces progressive neural abnormality is an important question in current schizophrenia research. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers an opportunity to visualize and measure blood flow in vivo to address this issue. The authors previously compared healthy volunteers with neuroleptic-naive patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia and reported that abnormalities in blood flow, including lower flow in prefrontal regions and higher flow in the thalamus and cerebellum, are present at the early stage of schizophrenic illness. The goal of the present study was to measure blood flow with PET in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: PET was used to examine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 30 normal comparison subjects. To determine if the patterns of flow abnormality in the patients with chronic schizophrenia were similar to those of patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia, the same cognitive condition was examined as in the earlier study. The patients with chronic schizophrenia in the current study had been neuroleptic-free for at least 3 weeks. RESULTS: As in the authors' previous study, the chronically ill patients showed lower flow in prefrontal areas and higher flow in thalamic and cerebellar regions than normal comparison subjects, suggesting that a similar neural dysfunction occurs in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: rCBF abnormalities in patients with chronic schizophrenia are not due to chronicity of illness or the effects of medication. These results provide evidence that the primary neural abnormalities in schizophrenia may occur in cortical, cerebellar, and thalamic regions and that the dysfunction in these regions may explain the "loosening of associations" that Bleuler considered to be the fundamental cognitive phenotype of schizophrenia. These abnormalities can be reconceptualized as "cognitive dysmetria."</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood flow</subject><subject>Brain - blood supply</subject><subject>Brain - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Brain - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cerebellum - blood supply</subject><subject>Cerebellum - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Cerebellum - physiopathology</subject><subject>Chronic Disease</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measures</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Oxygen Radioisotopes</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Positron emission tomography</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. 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Leonard ; Boles Ponto, Laura L. ; Hichwa, Richard D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a454t-d673d83332e3c643ad719bf947cd8972f7dc13884a25b7a00f59d4ccc4e902b03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood flow</topic><topic>Brain - blood supply</topic><topic>Brain - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Brain - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cerebellum - blood supply</topic><topic>Cerebellum - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Cerebellum - physiopathology</topic><topic>Chronic Disease</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Measures</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Oxygen Radioisotopes</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Positron emission tomography</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. 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Leonard</au><au>Boles Ponto, Laura L.</au><au>Hichwa, Richard D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Regional Neural Dysfunctions in Chronic Schizophrenia Studied With Positron Emission Tomography</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2000-04-01</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>157</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>542</spage><epage>548</epage><pages>542-548</pages><issn>0002-953X</issn><eissn>1535-7228</eissn><coden>AJPSAO</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVE: Whether chronicity of illness produces progressive neural abnormality is an important question in current schizophrenia research. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers an opportunity to visualize and measure blood flow in vivo to address this issue. The authors previously compared healthy volunteers with neuroleptic-naive patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia and reported that abnormalities in blood flow, including lower flow in prefrontal regions and higher flow in the thalamus and cerebellum, are present at the early stage of schizophrenic illness. The goal of the present study was to measure blood flow with PET in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: PET was used to examine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 30 normal comparison subjects. To determine if the patterns of flow abnormality in the patients with chronic schizophrenia were similar to those of patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia, the same cognitive condition was examined as in the earlier study. The patients with chronic schizophrenia in the current study had been neuroleptic-free for at least 3 weeks. RESULTS: As in the authors' previous study, the chronically ill patients showed lower flow in prefrontal areas and higher flow in thalamic and cerebellar regions than normal comparison subjects, suggesting that a similar neural dysfunction occurs in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: rCBF abnormalities in patients with chronic schizophrenia are not due to chronicity of illness or the effects of medication. These results provide evidence that the primary neural abnormalities in schizophrenia may occur in cortical, cerebellar, and thalamic regions and that the dysfunction in these regions may explain the "loosening of associations" that Bleuler considered to be the fundamental cognitive phenotype of schizophrenia. These abnormalities can be reconceptualized as "cognitive dysmetria."</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychiatric Publishing</pub><pmid>10739412</pmid><doi>10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.542</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Biological and medical sciences
Blood flow
Brain - blood supply
Brain - diagnostic imaging
Brain - physiopathology
Cerebellum - blood supply
Cerebellum - diagnostic imaging
Cerebellum - physiopathology
Chronic Disease
Female
Humans
Male
Measures
Medical sciences
Neurology
Oxygen Radioisotopes
Patients
Positron emission tomography
Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply
Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging
Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology
Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Psychoses
Regional Blood Flow
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia - diagnosis
Schizophrenia - diagnostic imaging
Schizophrenia - physiopathology
Thalamus - blood supply
Thalamus - diagnostic imaging
Thalamus - physiopathology
Tomography
Tomography, Emission-Computed
Water
title Regional Neural Dysfunctions in Chronic Schizophrenia Studied With Positron Emission Tomography
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