Regional Neural Dysfunctions in Chronic Schizophrenia Studied With Positron Emission Tomography
OBJECTIVE: Whether chronicity of illness produces progressive neural abnormality is an important question in current schizophrenia research. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers an opportunity to visualize and measure blood flow in vivo to address this issue. The authors previously compared hea...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of psychiatry 2000-04, Vol.157 (4), p.542-548 |
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| creator | Kim, Jae-Jin Mohamed, Somaia Andreasen, Nancy C. O'Leary, Daniel S. Watkins, G. Leonard Boles Ponto, Laura L. Hichwa, Richard D. |
| description | OBJECTIVE: Whether chronicity of illness produces progressive neural abnormality is an important question in current schizophrenia research. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers an opportunity to visualize and measure blood flow in vivo to address this issue. The authors previously compared healthy volunteers with neuroleptic-naive patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia and reported that abnormalities in blood flow, including lower flow in prefrontal regions and higher flow in the thalamus and cerebellum, are present at the early stage of schizophrenic illness. The goal of the present study was to measure blood flow with PET in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: PET was used to examine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 30 normal comparison subjects. To determine if the patterns of flow abnormality in the patients with chronic schizophrenia were similar to those of patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia, the same cognitive condition was examined as in the earlier study. The patients with chronic schizophrenia in the current study had been neuroleptic-free for at least 3 weeks. RESULTS: As in the authors' previous study, the chronically ill patients showed lower flow in prefrontal areas and higher flow in thalamic and cerebellar regions than normal comparison subjects, suggesting that a similar neural dysfunction occurs in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: rCBF abnormalities in patients with chronic schizophrenia are not due to chronicity of illness or the effects of medication. These results provide evidence that the primary neural abnormalities in schizophrenia may occur in cortical, cerebellar, and thalamic regions and that the dysfunction in these regions may explain the "loosening of associations" that Bleuler considered to be the fundamental cognitive phenotype of schizophrenia. These abnormalities can be reconceptualized as "cognitive dysmetria." |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.542 |
| format | Article |
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Leonard ; Boles Ponto, Laura L. ; Hichwa, Richard D.</creator><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jae-Jin ; Mohamed, Somaia ; Andreasen, Nancy C. ; O'Leary, Daniel S. ; Watkins, G. Leonard ; Boles Ponto, Laura L. ; Hichwa, Richard D.</creatorcontrib><description>OBJECTIVE: Whether chronicity of illness produces progressive neural abnormality is an important question in current schizophrenia research. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers an opportunity to visualize and measure blood flow in vivo to address this issue. The authors previously compared healthy volunteers with neuroleptic-naive patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia and reported that abnormalities in blood flow, including lower flow in prefrontal regions and higher flow in the thalamus and cerebellum, are present at the early stage of schizophrenic illness. The goal of the present study was to measure blood flow with PET in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: PET was used to examine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 30 normal comparison subjects. To determine if the patterns of flow abnormality in the patients with chronic schizophrenia were similar to those of patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia, the same cognitive condition was examined as in the earlier study. The patients with chronic schizophrenia in the current study had been neuroleptic-free for at least 3 weeks. RESULTS: As in the authors' previous study, the chronically ill patients showed lower flow in prefrontal areas and higher flow in thalamic and cerebellar regions than normal comparison subjects, suggesting that a similar neural dysfunction occurs in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: rCBF abnormalities in patients with chronic schizophrenia are not due to chronicity of illness or the effects of medication. These results provide evidence that the primary neural abnormalities in schizophrenia may occur in cortical, cerebellar, and thalamic regions and that the dysfunction in these regions may explain the "loosening of associations" that Bleuler considered to be the fundamental cognitive phenotype of schizophrenia. These abnormalities can be reconceptualized as "cognitive dysmetria."</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-953X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1535-7228</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.542</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10739412</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPSAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood flow ; Brain - blood supply ; Brain - diagnostic imaging ; Brain - physiopathology ; Cerebellum - blood supply ; Cerebellum - diagnostic imaging ; Cerebellum - physiopathology ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Measures ; Medical sciences ; Neurology ; Oxygen Radioisotopes ; Patients ; Positron emission tomography ; Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply ; Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psychoses ; Regional Blood Flow ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenia - diagnosis ; Schizophrenia - diagnostic imaging ; Schizophrenia - physiopathology ; Thalamus - blood supply ; Thalamus - diagnostic imaging ; Thalamus - physiopathology ; Tomography ; Tomography, Emission-Computed ; Water</subject><ispartof>The American journal of psychiatry, 2000-04, Vol.157 (4), p.542-548</ispartof><rights>2000 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychiatric Association Apr 2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a454t-d673d83332e3c643ad719bf947cd8972f7dc13884a25b7a00f59d4ccc4e902b03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a454t-d673d83332e3c643ad719bf947cd8972f7dc13884a25b7a00f59d4ccc4e902b03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/epdf/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.542$$EPDF$$P50$$Gappi$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.542$$EHTML$$P50$$Gappi$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,2856,21631,21632,21633,27874,27929,27930,31005,77799,77804</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1319388$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10739412$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jae-Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mohamed, Somaia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andreasen, Nancy C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Leary, Daniel S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watkins, G. Leonard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boles Ponto, Laura L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hichwa, Richard D.</creatorcontrib><title>Regional Neural Dysfunctions in Chronic Schizophrenia Studied With Positron Emission Tomography</title><title>The American journal of psychiatry</title><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE: Whether chronicity of illness produces progressive neural abnormality is an important question in current schizophrenia research. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers an opportunity to visualize and measure blood flow in vivo to address this issue. The authors previously compared healthy volunteers with neuroleptic-naive patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia and reported that abnormalities in blood flow, including lower flow in prefrontal regions and higher flow in the thalamus and cerebellum, are present at the early stage of schizophrenic illness. The goal of the present study was to measure blood flow with PET in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: PET was used to examine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 30 normal comparison subjects. To determine if the patterns of flow abnormality in the patients with chronic schizophrenia were similar to those of patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia, the same cognitive condition was examined as in the earlier study. The patients with chronic schizophrenia in the current study had been neuroleptic-free for at least 3 weeks. RESULTS: As in the authors' previous study, the chronically ill patients showed lower flow in prefrontal areas and higher flow in thalamic and cerebellar regions than normal comparison subjects, suggesting that a similar neural dysfunction occurs in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: rCBF abnormalities in patients with chronic schizophrenia are not due to chronicity of illness or the effects of medication. These results provide evidence that the primary neural abnormalities in schizophrenia may occur in cortical, cerebellar, and thalamic regions and that the dysfunction in these regions may explain the "loosening of associations" that Bleuler considered to be the fundamental cognitive phenotype of schizophrenia. These abnormalities can be reconceptualized as "cognitive dysmetria."</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood flow</subject><subject>Brain - blood supply</subject><subject>Brain - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Brain - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cerebellum - blood supply</subject><subject>Cerebellum - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Cerebellum - physiopathology</subject><subject>Chronic Disease</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measures</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Oxygen Radioisotopes</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Positron emission tomography</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychoses</subject><subject>Regional Blood Flow</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Thalamus - blood supply</subject><subject>Thalamus - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Thalamus - physiopathology</subject><subject>Tomography</subject><subject>Tomography, Emission-Computed</subject><subject>Water</subject><issn>0002-953X</issn><issn>1535-7228</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>K30</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctu1DAUhi0EosPAC7BAFlTdJfV1TrKspqVFqgD1IthZHttpPMrEwU4Ww9Pj6YxUhFSxOjpH339uP0LvKSkphcWpHgZf6vVQUgmlKKVgL9CMSi4LYKx6iWaEEFbUkv88Qm9SWueUcGCv0RElwGtB2QypG_fgQ687_NVNMYfzbWqm3oy5mLDv8bKNofcG35rW_w5DG13vNb4dJ-udxT_82OLvIfkxU_hi41PKQnwXNuEh6qHdvkWvGt0l9-4Q5-j-88Xd8qq4_nb5ZXl2XWghxVjYBXBbcc6Z42YhuLZA61VTCzC2qoE1YA3lVSU0kyvQhDSytsIYI1xN2IrwOTrZ9x1i-DW5NKq8i3Fdp3sXpqSA5tslZ_8FJUgAmtE5-vgPuA5TzJ9KijEiFpKRHfTpOYhKWnEmKoBMsT1lYkgpukYN0W903CpK1M5KtbNSZSuzCpRQ2cos-nBoPa02zv4l2XuXgeMDoJPRXRN1b3x64jit88cydrrHHmc8rff85D8fDLd_</recordid><startdate>20000401</startdate><enddate>20000401</enddate><creator>Kim, Jae-Jin</creator><creator>Mohamed, Somaia</creator><creator>Andreasen, Nancy C.</creator><creator>O'Leary, Daniel S.</creator><creator>Watkins, G. 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Leonard ; Boles Ponto, Laura L. ; Hichwa, Richard D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a454t-d673d83332e3c643ad719bf947cd8972f7dc13884a25b7a00f59d4ccc4e902b03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood flow</topic><topic>Brain - blood supply</topic><topic>Brain - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Brain - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cerebellum - blood supply</topic><topic>Cerebellum - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Cerebellum - physiopathology</topic><topic>Chronic Disease</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Measures</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>Oxygen Radioisotopes</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Positron emission tomography</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. 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Leonard</au><au>Boles Ponto, Laura L.</au><au>Hichwa, Richard D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Regional Neural Dysfunctions in Chronic Schizophrenia Studied With Positron Emission Tomography</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2000-04-01</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>157</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>542</spage><epage>548</epage><pages>542-548</pages><issn>0002-953X</issn><eissn>1535-7228</eissn><coden>AJPSAO</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVE: Whether chronicity of illness produces progressive neural abnormality is an important question in current schizophrenia research. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers an opportunity to visualize and measure blood flow in vivo to address this issue. The authors previously compared healthy volunteers with neuroleptic-naive patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia and reported that abnormalities in blood flow, including lower flow in prefrontal regions and higher flow in the thalamus and cerebellum, are present at the early stage of schizophrenic illness. The goal of the present study was to measure blood flow with PET in patients with chronic schizophrenia. METHOD: PET was used to examine regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 30 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 30 normal comparison subjects. To determine if the patterns of flow abnormality in the patients with chronic schizophrenia were similar to those of patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia, the same cognitive condition was examined as in the earlier study. The patients with chronic schizophrenia in the current study had been neuroleptic-free for at least 3 weeks. RESULTS: As in the authors' previous study, the chronically ill patients showed lower flow in prefrontal areas and higher flow in thalamic and cerebellar regions than normal comparison subjects, suggesting that a similar neural dysfunction occurs in both first-episode and chronic schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: rCBF abnormalities in patients with chronic schizophrenia are not due to chronicity of illness or the effects of medication. These results provide evidence that the primary neural abnormalities in schizophrenia may occur in cortical, cerebellar, and thalamic regions and that the dysfunction in these regions may explain the "loosening of associations" that Bleuler considered to be the fundamental cognitive phenotype of schizophrenia. These abnormalities can be reconceptualized as "cognitive dysmetria."</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychiatric Publishing</pub><pmid>10739412</pmid><doi>10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.542</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Psychiatric Publishing Journals (1997-Present); Periodicals Index Online; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Adult Adult and adolescent clinical studies Biological and medical sciences Blood flow Brain - blood supply Brain - diagnostic imaging Brain - physiopathology Cerebellum - blood supply Cerebellum - diagnostic imaging Cerebellum - physiopathology Chronic Disease Female Humans Male Measures Medical sciences Neurology Oxygen Radioisotopes Patients Positron emission tomography Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychoses Regional Blood Flow Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - diagnosis Schizophrenia - diagnostic imaging Schizophrenia - physiopathology Thalamus - blood supply Thalamus - diagnostic imaging Thalamus - physiopathology Tomography Tomography, Emission-Computed Water |
| title | Regional Neural Dysfunctions in Chronic Schizophrenia Studied With Positron Emission Tomography |
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