Apoptosis-related genes expressed in cardiovascular development and disease: an EST approach

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is an important process which, in conjunction with cell proliferation, maintains cell number homeostasis. Although apoptosis has been more extensively investigated in other tissues [1,2], only recently has this process been suspected as a significant contributor to both disease and normal development of the cardiovascular system [3-6]. Grasping a comprehension of the underlying genetic mechanisms of apoptosis is especially crucial considering that cardiac myocytes irreversibly exit the cell cycle and thus fail to proliferate during pathological conditions. Despite great strides in understanding the molecular pathways of apoptosis, there still remain numerous questions to be answered. Identifying key genes that are involved in the regulatory process of apoptosis in the cardiovascular system will serve as a basis for creating more effective therapeutic treatments in cardiovascular disease and provide an understanding of how cardiac development is modulated. This review provides a brief summary of recent data implicating genes that may be involved in apoptosis in the cardiovascular system. It also outlines the continued usefulness of large-scale generation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) to establish expression profiles from the cardiovascular system and as a means of identifying potentially significant apoptotic regulators previously characterized in other tissues but not as yet in the cardiovascular system.