The role of semen in induction of maternal immune tolerance to pregnancy
Successful pregnancy requires a state of maternal immune ‘tolerance’ to accommodate antigens expressed by the conceptus. Implantation failure and placental pathologies largely reflect insufficiencies in maternal immune adaptation, but progress in devising therapeutic strategies to treat these condit...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Seminars in immunology 2001-08, Vol.13 (4), p.243-254 |
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| creator | Robertson, Sarah A. Sharkey, David J. |
| description | Successful pregnancy requires a state of maternal immune ‘tolerance’ to accommodate antigens expressed by the conceptus. Implantation failure and placental pathologies largely reflect insufficiencies in maternal immune adaptation, but progress in devising therapeutic strategies to treat these conditions is stalled because the mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of maternal tolerance are unknown. Increasingly, clinical and experimental data support the proposal that insemination has consequences for the reproductive process beyond delivery of male gametes. An emerging hypothesis, based mainly on clinical observations and experiments in mice, is that insemination is causally linked to the activation and expansion of populations of lymphocytes mediating forms of ‘active’ immune tolerance in the implantation site. This review examines existing evidence for a role for semen in the immunology of pregnancy, highlighting the limitations of our existing knowledge and the prospects for future research and its clinical application. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1006/smim.2000.0320 |
| format | Article |
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Implantation failure and placental pathologies largely reflect insufficiencies in maternal immune adaptation, but progress in devising therapeutic strategies to treat these conditions is stalled because the mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of maternal tolerance are unknown. Increasingly, clinical and experimental data support the proposal that insemination has consequences for the reproductive process beyond delivery of male gametes. An emerging hypothesis, based mainly on clinical observations and experiments in mice, is that insemination is causally linked to the activation and expansion of populations of lymphocytes mediating forms of ‘active’ immune tolerance in the implantation site. 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Implantation failure and placental pathologies largely reflect insufficiencies in maternal immune adaptation, but progress in devising therapeutic strategies to treat these conditions is stalled because the mechanisms underlying the induction and maintenance of maternal tolerance are unknown. Increasingly, clinical and experimental data support the proposal that insemination has consequences for the reproductive process beyond delivery of male gametes. An emerging hypothesis, based mainly on clinical observations and experiments in mice, is that insemination is causally linked to the activation and expansion of populations of lymphocytes mediating forms of ‘active’ immune tolerance in the implantation site. This review examines existing evidence for a role for semen in the immunology of pregnancy, highlighting the limitations of our existing knowledge and the prospects for future research and its clinical application.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigen Presentation</subject><subject>Cytokines - metabolism</subject><subject>embryo / pregnancy / seminal plasma / sperm / tolerance</subject><subject>Embryo Implantation - immunology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune Tolerance</subject><subject>Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Pregnancy - immunology</subject><subject>Pregnancy Outcome</subject><subject>Semen - immunology</subject><subject>Trophoblasts - immunology</subject><issn>1044-5323</issn><issn>1096-3618</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkMFLwzAUh4MoTqdXj9KTt86XJk2Towx1wsDLPIcsfdVI086kFfbfm7KBJxEC-b3Hlx_kI-SGwoICiPvonV8UALAAVsAJuaCgRM4EladT5jwvWcFm5DLGz0QxLuk5mVHKWSVYcUFWmw_MQt9i1jdZRI9d5qZTj3ZwfTdtvRkwdKbNnPdjh9mQ6GA6O6VsF_C9S8P-ipw1po14fbzn5O3pcbNc5evX55flwzq3rKJDrhquGEgjG27RKlUIWzG6FUZxg6oGUTZNyYVhTNmtolhQrCQ05VYWpQQDbE7uDr270H-NGAftXbTYtqbDfoy6AiXT78S_IK0UAC95AhcH0IY-xoCN3gXnTdhrCnqSrCfJepKsJ8npwe2xedx6rH_xo9UEyAOAScS3w6CjdZiM1S6gHXTdu7-6fwDtqIpa</recordid><startdate>20010801</startdate><enddate>20010801</enddate><creator>Robertson, Sarah A.</creator><creator>Sharkey, David J.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010801</creationdate><title>The role of semen in induction of maternal immune tolerance to pregnancy</title><author>Robertson, Sarah A. ; Sharkey, David J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-9f49308a8f4cec9926c731b6a94ae9d065ff546a339cb91e21e780f5b82580a03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigen Presentation</topic><topic>Cytokines - metabolism</topic><topic>embryo / pregnancy / seminal plasma / sperm / tolerance</topic><topic>Embryo Implantation - immunology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune Tolerance</topic><topic>Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Pregnancy - immunology</topic><topic>Pregnancy Outcome</topic><topic>Semen - immunology</topic><topic>Trophoblasts - immunology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Robertson, Sarah A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharkey, David J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Seminars in immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Robertson, Sarah A.</au><au>Sharkey, David J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The role of semen in induction of maternal immune tolerance to pregnancy</atitle><jtitle>Seminars in immunology</jtitle><addtitle>Semin Immunol</addtitle><date>2001-08-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>243</spage><epage>254</epage><pages>243-254</pages><issn>1044-5323</issn><eissn>1096-3618</eissn><abstract>Successful pregnancy requires a state of maternal immune ‘tolerance’ to accommodate antigens expressed by the conceptus. 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| ispartof | Seminars in immunology, 2001-08, Vol.13 (4), p.243-254 |
| issn | 1044-5323 1096-3618 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Animals Antigen Presentation Cytokines - metabolism embryo / pregnancy / seminal plasma / sperm / tolerance Embryo Implantation - immunology Female Humans Immune Tolerance Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology Male Models, Biological Pregnancy - immunology Pregnancy Outcome Semen - immunology Trophoblasts - immunology |
| title | The role of semen in induction of maternal immune tolerance to pregnancy |
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