Protein S-100B: A Serum Marker for Ischemic and Infectious Injury of Cerebral Tissue
The S-100B protein is released by injured astrocytes. After passage through a disintegrated blood-brain barrier (BBB) the molecule can be detected in the peripheral circulation. We investigated the association between the extent of brain injury and S-100B concentration in serum in cerebral injury ca...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine 2001-04, Vol.39 (4), p.319-323 |
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creator | Bertsch, Thomas Casarin, Wendy Kretschmar, Marianne Zimmer, Wilma Walter, Silke Sommer, Clemens Muehlhauser, Frank Ragoschke, Andreas Kuehl, Sandra Schmidt, Roland Pohlmann-Eden, Bernd Nassabi, Claudius Nichterlein, Thomas Faßbender, Klaus |
description | The S-100B protein is released by injured astrocytes. After passage through a disintegrated blood-brain barrier (BBB) the molecule can be detected in the peripheral circulation. We investigated the association between the extent of brain injury and S-100B concentration in serum in cerebral injury caused by cerebral ischemia and cerebral fungal infection. Study I: The S-100B serum concentration was serially determined in 24 patients with ischemic stroke at 4, 8, 10, 24, 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. We observed that patients with brain lesions larger than 5 cm3 exhibited significantly increased serum levels of S-100B at 10, 24 and 72 hours compared to those with lesion volumes below 5 cm3. Furthermore, an association between S-100B serum concentration and neurological outcome was observed. Study II: In a mouse model of systemic fungal infection with Candida albicans we observed that serum levels of S-100B increased at day 1 after intravenous infection. At this time we could histologically demonstrate brain tissue injury by invading hyphae which had crossed the BBB. Furthermore, reactive astrogliosis was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. On day 7 we found a significant decrease of S-100B serum level compared to day 1 and 4. This was associated with a demarcation of the fungi with leukocytes in brain tissue at this late phase of infection. No further invasion through the BBB was seen on day 7. In conclusion, serum levels of S-100B reflect the time course of tissue injury in cerebral ischemia and cerebral infection to a similar extent. Thus, S-100B may be a useful marker to assess cerebral tissue injury. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1515/CCLM.2001.050 |
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After passage through a disintegrated blood-brain barrier (BBB) the molecule can be detected in the peripheral circulation. We investigated the association between the extent of brain injury and S-100B concentration in serum in cerebral injury caused by cerebral ischemia and cerebral fungal infection. Study I: The S-100B serum concentration was serially determined in 24 patients with ischemic stroke at 4, 8, 10, 24, 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. We observed that patients with brain lesions larger than 5 cm3 exhibited significantly increased serum levels of S-100B at 10, 24 and 72 hours compared to those with lesion volumes below 5 cm3. Furthermore, an association between S-100B serum concentration and neurological outcome was observed. Study II: In a mouse model of systemic fungal infection with Candida albicans we observed that serum levels of S-100B increased at day 1 after intravenous infection. At this time we could histologically demonstrate brain tissue injury by invading hyphae which had crossed the BBB. Furthermore, reactive astrogliosis was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. On day 7 we found a significant decrease of S-100B serum level compared to day 1 and 4. This was associated with a demarcation of the fungi with leukocytes in brain tissue at this late phase of infection. No further invasion through the BBB was seen on day 7. In conclusion, serum levels of S-100B reflect the time course of tissue injury in cerebral ischemia and cerebral infection to a similar extent. Thus, S-100B may be a useful marker to assess cerebral tissue injury.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1434-6621</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1437-4331</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.2001.050</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11388656</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Germany: Walter de Gruyter</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Astrocytes - metabolism ; Biomarkers ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain - pathology ; Brain Ischemia - diagnosis ; Candida albicans ; Candida albicans - metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infection - diagnosis ; Kinetics ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Growth Factors ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100 Proteins - blood ; Telencephalon - injuries ; Telencephalon - microbiology ; Time Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed</subject><ispartof>Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine, 2001-04, Vol.39 (4), p.319-323</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-80ade477581e589a7005409823588ad7139c479d52a2050fdf9fec83e29f9c843</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-80ade477581e589a7005409823588ad7139c479d52a2050fdf9fec83e29f9c843</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11388656$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bertsch, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casarin, Wendy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kretschmar, Marianne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zimmer, Wilma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walter, Silke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sommer, Clemens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muehlhauser, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ragoschke, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuehl, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Roland</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pohlmann-Eden, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nassabi, Claudius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nichterlein, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faßbender, Klaus</creatorcontrib><title>Protein S-100B: A Serum Marker for Ischemic and Infectious Injury of Cerebral Tissue</title><title>Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine</title><addtitle>Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine</addtitle><description>The S-100B protein is released by injured astrocytes. After passage through a disintegrated blood-brain barrier (BBB) the molecule can be detected in the peripheral circulation. We investigated the association between the extent of brain injury and S-100B concentration in serum in cerebral injury caused by cerebral ischemia and cerebral fungal infection. Study I: The S-100B serum concentration was serially determined in 24 patients with ischemic stroke at 4, 8, 10, 24, 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. We observed that patients with brain lesions larger than 5 cm3 exhibited significantly increased serum levels of S-100B at 10, 24 and 72 hours compared to those with lesion volumes below 5 cm3. Furthermore, an association between S-100B serum concentration and neurological outcome was observed. Study II: In a mouse model of systemic fungal infection with Candida albicans we observed that serum levels of S-100B increased at day 1 after intravenous infection. At this time we could histologically demonstrate brain tissue injury by invading hyphae which had crossed the BBB. Furthermore, reactive astrogliosis was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. On day 7 we found a significant decrease of S-100B serum level compared to day 1 and 4. This was associated with a demarcation of the fungi with leukocytes in brain tissue at this late phase of infection. No further invasion through the BBB was seen on day 7. In conclusion, serum levels of S-100B reflect the time course of tissue injury in cerebral ischemia and cerebral infection to a similar extent. Thus, S-100B may be a useful marker to assess cerebral tissue injury.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Astrocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Blood-Brain Barrier</subject><subject>Brain - pathology</subject><subject>Brain Ischemia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Candida albicans</subject><subject>Candida albicans - metabolism</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infection - diagnosis</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nerve Growth Factors</subject><subject>S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit</subject><subject>S100 Proteins - blood</subject><subject>Telencephalon - injuries</subject><subject>Telencephalon - microbiology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</subject><issn>1434-6621</issn><issn>1437-4331</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkMFPwjAUhxujEUWPXk1P3obt2q6tN1wUiRBB5sVLU7a3OGQM2y2R_94hRI6e3kvel99770PoipIeFVTcxvFo3AsJoT0iyBE6o5zJgDNGj397HkRRSDvo3PtFCwnB5SnqUMqUikR0hpKJq2ooVngWUELu73Afz8A1JR5b9wkO55XDQ59-QFmk2K4yPFzlkNZF1fi2XTRug6scx-Bg7uwSJ4X3DVygk9wuPVzuaxe9PT4k8VMwehkM4_4oSJnSdaCIzYBLKRQFobSVhAhOtAqZUMpmkjKdcqkzEdqwfS7Pct3uVgxCnetUcdZFN7vctau-GvC1KQufwnJpV9AeaCTRhIZU_AtSzaNQy21isANTV3nvIDdrV5TWbQwlZuvbbH2brW_TntTy1_vgZl5CdqD3gg-Bha_h-2_eyjWRZFKYacLNZPCejKb82byyHwcYhzQ</recordid><startdate>20010401</startdate><enddate>20010401</enddate><creator>Bertsch, Thomas</creator><creator>Casarin, Wendy</creator><creator>Kretschmar, Marianne</creator><creator>Zimmer, Wilma</creator><creator>Walter, Silke</creator><creator>Sommer, Clemens</creator><creator>Muehlhauser, Frank</creator><creator>Ragoschke, Andreas</creator><creator>Kuehl, Sandra</creator><creator>Schmidt, Roland</creator><creator>Pohlmann-Eden, Bernd</creator><creator>Nassabi, Claudius</creator><creator>Nichterlein, Thomas</creator><creator>Faßbender, Klaus</creator><general>Walter de Gruyter</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010401</creationdate><title>Protein S-100B: A Serum Marker for Ischemic and Infectious Injury of Cerebral Tissue</title><author>Bertsch, Thomas ; Casarin, Wendy ; Kretschmar, Marianne ; Zimmer, Wilma ; Walter, Silke ; Sommer, Clemens ; Muehlhauser, Frank ; Ragoschke, Andreas ; Kuehl, Sandra ; Schmidt, Roland ; Pohlmann-Eden, Bernd ; Nassabi, Claudius ; Nichterlein, Thomas ; Faßbender, Klaus</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-80ade477581e589a7005409823588ad7139c479d52a2050fdf9fec83e29f9c843</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Astrocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Blood-Brain Barrier</topic><topic>Brain - pathology</topic><topic>Brain Ischemia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Candida albicans</topic><topic>Candida albicans - metabolism</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infection - diagnosis</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nerve Growth Factors</topic><topic>S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit</topic><topic>S100 Proteins - blood</topic><topic>Telencephalon - injuries</topic><topic>Telencephalon - microbiology</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bertsch, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Casarin, Wendy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kretschmar, Marianne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zimmer, Wilma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walter, Silke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sommer, Clemens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muehlhauser, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ragoschke, Andreas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuehl, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schmidt, Roland</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pohlmann-Eden, Bernd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nassabi, Claudius</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nichterlein, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faßbender, Klaus</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bertsch, Thomas</au><au>Casarin, Wendy</au><au>Kretschmar, Marianne</au><au>Zimmer, Wilma</au><au>Walter, Silke</au><au>Sommer, Clemens</au><au>Muehlhauser, Frank</au><au>Ragoschke, Andreas</au><au>Kuehl, Sandra</au><au>Schmidt, Roland</au><au>Pohlmann-Eden, Bernd</au><au>Nassabi, Claudius</au><au>Nichterlein, Thomas</au><au>Faßbender, Klaus</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Protein S-100B: A Serum Marker for Ischemic and Infectious Injury of Cerebral Tissue</atitle><jtitle>Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine</addtitle><date>2001-04-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>319</spage><epage>323</epage><pages>319-323</pages><issn>1434-6621</issn><eissn>1437-4331</eissn><abstract>The S-100B protein is released by injured astrocytes. After passage through a disintegrated blood-brain barrier (BBB) the molecule can be detected in the peripheral circulation. We investigated the association between the extent of brain injury and S-100B concentration in serum in cerebral injury caused by cerebral ischemia and cerebral fungal infection. Study I: The S-100B serum concentration was serially determined in 24 patients with ischemic stroke at 4, 8, 10, 24, 72 hours after the onset of symptoms. We observed that patients with brain lesions larger than 5 cm3 exhibited significantly increased serum levels of S-100B at 10, 24 and 72 hours compared to those with lesion volumes below 5 cm3. Furthermore, an association between S-100B serum concentration and neurological outcome was observed. Study II: In a mouse model of systemic fungal infection with Candida albicans we observed that serum levels of S-100B increased at day 1 after intravenous infection. At this time we could histologically demonstrate brain tissue injury by invading hyphae which had crossed the BBB. Furthermore, reactive astrogliosis was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. On day 7 we found a significant decrease of S-100B serum level compared to day 1 and 4. This was associated with a demarcation of the fungi with leukocytes in brain tissue at this late phase of infection. No further invasion through the BBB was seen on day 7. In conclusion, serum levels of S-100B reflect the time course of tissue injury in cerebral ischemia and cerebral infection to a similar extent. Thus, S-100B may be a useful marker to assess cerebral tissue injury.</abstract><cop>Germany</cop><pub>Walter de Gruyter</pub><pmid>11388656</pmid><doi>10.1515/CCLM.2001.050</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Animals Astrocytes - metabolism Biomarkers Blood-Brain Barrier Brain - pathology Brain Ischemia - diagnosis Candida albicans Candida albicans - metabolism Case-Control Studies Female Humans Infection - diagnosis Kinetics Male Mice Middle Aged Nerve Growth Factors S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit S100 Proteins - blood Telencephalon - injuries Telencephalon - microbiology Time Factors Tomography, X-Ray Computed |
title | Protein S-100B: A Serum Marker for Ischemic and Infectious Injury of Cerebral Tissue |
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