Epidemic Diphtheria in the Republic of Georgia, 1993–1996: Risk Factors for Fatal Outcome among Hospitalized Patients
Epidemic diphtheria reemerged in the republic of Georgia in November 1993. To identify risk factors for fatal outcomes, clinical and epidemiologic data on all hospitalized diphtheria patients were examined. Medical charts of patients from 1993–1995 were reviewed. A total of 659 cases and 68 deaths w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of infectious diseases 2000-02, Vol.181 (Supplement-1), p.S130-S137 |
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| container_issue | Supplement-1 |
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| container_title | The Journal of infectious diseases |
| container_volume | 181 |
| creator | Quick, M. Linda Sutter, Roland W. Kobaidze, Ketevan Malakmadze, Naile Strebel, Peter M. Nakashidze, Revaz Murvanidze, Sophia |
| description | Epidemic diphtheria reemerged in the republic of Georgia in November 1993. To identify risk factors for fatal outcomes, clinical and epidemiologic data on all hospitalized diphtheria patients were examined. Medical charts of patients from 1993–1995 were reviewed. A total of 659 cases and 68 deaths were identified (case fatality rate [CFR] = 10.3%). Fifty-two percent of all cases and 68% of deaths were in children ⩽14 years old. The highest CFR occurred among adults 40–49 years of age (CFR = 19%) and children 5–9 years of age (CFR = 16%). Children who did not have the complete primary vaccination series with diphtheria toxoid and adults 40–49 years of age were the 2 groups at highest risk. Being a rural resident and having a long interval (>3 days) between onset of symptoms to antitoxin treatment were significantly associated with fatal outcomes. Immunization of children and 40- to 49-year-old adults was required to rapidly control the epidemic. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1086/315550 |
| format | Article |
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Linda ; Sutter, Roland W. ; Kobaidze, Ketevan ; Malakmadze, Naile ; Strebel, Peter M. ; Nakashidze, Revaz ; Murvanidze, Sophia</creator><creatorcontrib>Quick, M. Linda ; Sutter, Roland W. ; Kobaidze, Ketevan ; Malakmadze, Naile ; Strebel, Peter M. ; Nakashidze, Revaz ; Murvanidze, Sophia</creatorcontrib><description>Epidemic diphtheria reemerged in the republic of Georgia in November 1993. To identify risk factors for fatal outcomes, clinical and epidemiologic data on all hospitalized diphtheria patients were examined. Medical charts of patients from 1993–1995 were reviewed. A total of 659 cases and 68 deaths were identified (case fatality rate [CFR] = 10.3%). Fifty-two percent of all cases and 68% of deaths were in children ⩽14 years old. The highest CFR occurred among adults 40–49 years of age (CFR = 19%) and children 5–9 years of age (CFR = 16%). Children who did not have the complete primary vaccination series with diphtheria toxoid and adults 40–49 years of age were the 2 groups at highest risk. Being a rural resident and having a long interval (>3 days) between onset of symptoms to antitoxin treatment were significantly associated with fatal outcomes. Immunization of children and 40- to 49-year-old adults was required to rapidly control the epidemic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-1899</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1537-6613</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1086/315550</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10657204</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JIDIAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: The University of Chicago Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Antitoxins ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diphtheria ; Diphtheria - epidemiology ; Diphtheria - mortality ; Disease Outbreaks ; Dosage ; Epidemics ; Female ; Georgia (Republic) - epidemiology ; Health outcomes ; Hospital admissions ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious diseases ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Swelling ; Urban Population ; Vaccination</subject><ispartof>The Journal of infectious diseases, 2000-02, Vol.181 (Supplement-1), p.S130-S137</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2000 Infectious Diseases Society of America</rights><rights>Copyright University of Chicago, acting through its Press Feb 2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-99c1f2778acebdd9ece609ecaa524e3a113a247e12c917c690059c6700de731d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-99c1f2778acebdd9ece609ecaa524e3a113a247e12c917c690059c6700de731d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/30109986$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/30109986$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,27901,27902,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10657204$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Quick, M. Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sutter, Roland W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobaidze, Ketevan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malakmadze, Naile</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strebel, Peter M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakashidze, Revaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murvanidze, Sophia</creatorcontrib><title>Epidemic Diphtheria in the Republic of Georgia, 1993–1996: Risk Factors for Fatal Outcome among Hospitalized Patients</title><title>The Journal of infectious diseases</title><addtitle>Journal of Infectious Diseases</addtitle><description>Epidemic diphtheria reemerged in the republic of Georgia in November 1993. To identify risk factors for fatal outcomes, clinical and epidemiologic data on all hospitalized diphtheria patients were examined. Medical charts of patients from 1993–1995 were reviewed. A total of 659 cases and 68 deaths were identified (case fatality rate [CFR] = 10.3%). Fifty-two percent of all cases and 68% of deaths were in children ⩽14 years old. The highest CFR occurred among adults 40–49 years of age (CFR = 19%) and children 5–9 years of age (CFR = 16%). Children who did not have the complete primary vaccination series with diphtheria toxoid and adults 40–49 years of age were the 2 groups at highest risk. Being a rural resident and having a long interval (>3 days) between onset of symptoms to antitoxin treatment were significantly associated with fatal outcomes. Immunization of children and 40- to 49-year-old adults was required to rapidly control the epidemic.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Antitoxins</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Diphtheria</subject><subject>Diphtheria - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diphtheria - mortality</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks</subject><subject>Dosage</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Georgia (Republic) - epidemiology</subject><subject>Health outcomes</subject><subject>Hospital admissions</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Parents</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Rural Population</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Swelling</subject><subject>Urban Population</subject><subject>Vaccination</subject><issn>0022-1899</issn><issn>1537-6613</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkctu1TAQhi0EoocCbwCyWLAiMI4TO-4O9XaASqUFJMTG8nEmrU-TONiOuKx4B96QJ8EoVUFsPCN_n39ZM4Q8ZPCcQSNecFbXNdwiK1ZzWQjB-G2yAijLgjVK7ZB7MW4BoOJC3iU7DEQtS6hW5Mvh5FocnKUHbrpMlxicoW6kuaPnOM2bPiPf0WP04cKZZ5QpxX_9-JmL2KPnLl7RI2OTD5F2PuQ-mZ6ezsn6AakZ_HhB1z5OLl-779jStyY5HFO8T-50po_44Lrukg9Hh-_318XJ6fGr_ZcnheWqSoVSlnWllI2xuGlbhRYF5NOYuqyQG8a4KSuJrLSKSSsUQK2skAAtSs5avkueLrlT8J9njEkPLlrsezOin6OWkJ8oqbL45D9x6-cw5r_psuQKOJP8b5oNPsaAnZ6CG0z4phnoP3vQyx6y-Pg6bd4M2P6jLYPPwqNF2MY8vBvOgYFSjci8WLiLCb_ecBOutJBc1nr98ZN-8_rdQXPGzzTw320EmXw</recordid><startdate>20000201</startdate><enddate>20000201</enddate><creator>Quick, M. Linda</creator><creator>Sutter, Roland W.</creator><creator>Kobaidze, Ketevan</creator><creator>Malakmadze, Naile</creator><creator>Strebel, Peter M.</creator><creator>Nakashidze, Revaz</creator><creator>Murvanidze, Sophia</creator><general>The University of Chicago Press</general><general>University of Chicago Press</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20000201</creationdate><title>Epidemic Diphtheria in the Republic of Georgia, 1993–1996: Risk Factors for Fatal Outcome among Hospitalized Patients</title><author>Quick, M. Linda ; Sutter, Roland W. ; Kobaidze, Ketevan ; Malakmadze, Naile ; Strebel, Peter M. ; Nakashidze, Revaz ; Murvanidze, Sophia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c394t-99c1f2778acebdd9ece609ecaa524e3a113a247e12c917c690059c6700de731d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Antitoxins</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Diphtheria</topic><topic>Diphtheria - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diphtheria - mortality</topic><topic>Disease Outbreaks</topic><topic>Dosage</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Georgia (Republic) - epidemiology</topic><topic>Health outcomes</topic><topic>Hospital admissions</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Parents</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Rural Population</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Swelling</topic><topic>Urban Population</topic><topic>Vaccination</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Quick, M. Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sutter, Roland W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobaidze, Ketevan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Malakmadze, Naile</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strebel, Peter M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakashidze, Revaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Murvanidze, Sophia</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Quick, M. Linda</au><au>Sutter, Roland W.</au><au>Kobaidze, Ketevan</au><au>Malakmadze, Naile</au><au>Strebel, Peter M.</au><au>Nakashidze, Revaz</au><au>Murvanidze, Sophia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Epidemic Diphtheria in the Republic of Georgia, 1993–1996: Risk Factors for Fatal Outcome among Hospitalized Patients</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>Journal of Infectious Diseases</addtitle><date>2000-02-01</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>181</volume><issue>Supplement-1</issue><spage>S130</spage><epage>S137</epage><pages>S130-S137</pages><issn>0022-1899</issn><eissn>1537-6613</eissn><coden>JIDIAQ</coden><abstract>Epidemic diphtheria reemerged in the republic of Georgia in November 1993. To identify risk factors for fatal outcomes, clinical and epidemiologic data on all hospitalized diphtheria patients were examined. Medical charts of patients from 1993–1995 were reviewed. 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| ispartof | The Journal of infectious diseases, 2000-02, Vol.181 (Supplement-1), p.S130-S137 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Antitoxins Child Child, Preschool Diphtheria Diphtheria - epidemiology Diphtheria - mortality Disease Outbreaks Dosage Epidemics Female Georgia (Republic) - epidemiology Health outcomes Hospital admissions Hospitalization Humans Immunization Infant Infant, Newborn Infectious diseases Male Middle Aged Parents Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Rural Population Surveys and Questionnaires Swelling Urban Population Vaccination |
| title | Epidemic Diphtheria in the Republic of Georgia, 1993–1996: Risk Factors for Fatal Outcome among Hospitalized Patients |
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