Endo−Exo and Facial Stereoselectivity in the Diels−Alder Reactions of 3-Substituted Cyclopropenes with Butadiene

A computational examination of the four modes of addition in the Diels−Alder reactions of 3-substituted cyclopropene derivatives (substituents: BH2, CH3, SiH3, NH2, PH2, OH, SH, F, and Cl) with butadiene have been carried out at the B3LYP/6-31++G(d)//HF/6-31++G(d) level. The degree of stabilization of these derivatives at the ground state correlates with the electronegativity of the substituent. This attenuation of reactivity and differences in steric interactions are the only factors needed to explain both the high facial selectivity and the differences in the endo−exo selectivity seen in these reactions. Furthermore, evidence is presented that indicates that stabilization by an interaction involving the syn C-3 hydrogen of cyclopropene and butadiene is small or irrelevant in controlling the endo−exo selectivity of the Diels−Alder reaction.