Test-Retest Reliability of a Functional MRI Working Memory Paradigm in Normal and Schizophrenic Subjects
OBJECTIVE: Repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of schizophrenic subjects may identify brain activity changes in response to interventions. To interpret the findings, however, it is crucial to know the test-retest reliability of the measures used. METHOD: The authors scanned...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of psychiatry 2001-06, Vol.158 (6), p.955-958 |
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| container_title | The American journal of psychiatry |
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| creator | Manoach, Dara S. Halpern, Elkan F. Kramer, Todd S. Chang, Yuchiao Goff, Donald C. Rauch, Scott L. Kennedy, David N. Gollub, Randy L. |
| description | OBJECTIVE: Repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of schizophrenic subjects may identify brain activity changes in response to interventions. To interpret the findings, however, it is crucial to know the test-retest reliability of the measures used. METHOD: The authors scanned seven normal subjects and seven schizophrenic subjects on two occasions during performance of a working memory task. They quantified the reliability of task performance and brain activation. RESULTS: In both groups, task performance was reliable, and all a priori regions were activated in group-averaged test and retest data. In individual schizophrenic subjects, however, indices of cognitive activation were not reliable across sessions. Normal subjects showed reasonable reliability of activation. CONCLUSIONS: Even given reliable task performance, stable clinical status, and a stable pattern of group-averaged activation, individual subjects showed unreliable brain activation. This suggests that repeated fMRI studies of schizophrenia should control for sources of variation, both artifactual and intrinsic. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.955 |
| format | Article |
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To interpret the findings, however, it is crucial to know the test-retest reliability of the measures used. METHOD: The authors scanned seven normal subjects and seven schizophrenic subjects on two occasions during performance of a working memory task. They quantified the reliability of task performance and brain activation. RESULTS: In both groups, task performance was reliable, and all a priori regions were activated in group-averaged test and retest data. In individual schizophrenic subjects, however, indices of cognitive activation were not reliable across sessions. Normal subjects showed reasonable reliability of activation. CONCLUSIONS: Even given reliable task performance, stable clinical status, and a stable pattern of group-averaged activation, individual subjects showed unreliable brain activation. This suggests that repeated fMRI studies of schizophrenia should control for sources of variation, both artifactual and intrinsic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-953X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1535-7228</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.955</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11384907</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPSAO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cerebral Cortex - physiology ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognition - physiology ; Female ; Form Perception - physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Memory ; Memory - physiology ; Middle Aged ; Motor Skills - physiology ; Neurology ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems ; Psychomotor Performance - physiology ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Reaction Time - physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenia - diagnosis ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Task performance ; Techniques and methods ; Test-retest reliability ; Tests ; Working memory</subject><ispartof>The American journal of psychiatry, 2001-06, Vol.158 (6), p.955-958</ispartof><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychiatric Association Jun 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a521t-11bb66cc4cef386a36f03cc5276e071bd91f68bc142a8def774f9a434932ada03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a521t-11bb66cc4cef386a36f03cc5276e071bd91f68bc142a8def774f9a434932ada03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/epdf/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.955$$EPDF$$P50$$Gappi$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.955$$EHTML$$P50$$Gappi$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,2842,21605,21606,21607,27901,27902,30977,77536,77541</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1003677$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11384907$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Manoach, Dara S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halpern, Elkan F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kramer, Todd S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Yuchiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goff, Donald C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rauch, Scott L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kennedy, David N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gollub, Randy L.</creatorcontrib><title>Test-Retest Reliability of a Functional MRI Working Memory Paradigm in Normal and Schizophrenic Subjects</title><title>The American journal of psychiatry</title><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE: Repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of schizophrenic subjects may identify brain activity changes in response to interventions. To interpret the findings, however, it is crucial to know the test-retest reliability of the measures used. METHOD: The authors scanned seven normal subjects and seven schizophrenic subjects on two occasions during performance of a working memory task. They quantified the reliability of task performance and brain activation. RESULTS: In both groups, task performance was reliable, and all a priori regions were activated in group-averaged test and retest data. In individual schizophrenic subjects, however, indices of cognitive activation were not reliable across sessions. Normal subjects showed reasonable reliability of activation. CONCLUSIONS: Even given reliable task performance, stable clinical status, and a stable pattern of group-averaged activation, individual subjects showed unreliable brain activation. This suggests that repeated fMRI studies of schizophrenia should control for sources of variation, both artifactual and intrinsic.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognition - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Form Perception - physiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Memory - physiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Motor Skills - physiology</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems</subject><subject>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Reaction Time - physiology</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Schizophrenia</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Schizophrenic Psychology</subject><subject>Task performance</subject><subject>Techniques and methods</subject><subject>Test-retest reliability</subject><subject>Tests</subject><subject>Working memory</subject><issn>0002-953X</issn><issn>1535-7228</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi0EokvhD3BAFkLckvrbyRFVFCq1gLZFcLMmjtP1ksSpnRyWX4-XXQHiAKfRSM-8M_aD0HNKSkq1OoNp8iVsp5LKqlRlLeUDtKKSy0IzVj1EK0IIK2rJv56gJyltc0u4Zo_RCaW8EjXRK7S5dWku1m7OBa9d76HxvZ93OHQY8MUy2tmHEXp8vb7EX0L85sc7fO2GEHf4E0Ro_d2A_Yg_hDhkCsYW39iN_x6mTXSjt_hmabbOzukpetRBn9yzYz1Fny_e3p6_L64-vrs8f3NVgGR0LihtGqWsFdZ1vFLAVUe4tZJp5YimTVvTTlWNpYJB1bpOa9HVILioOYMWCD9Frw-5Uwz3S36VGXyyru9hdGFJRpOqqjln_wWlVkrpusrgy7_AbVhi_pNkGCNCCUFVhtgBsjGkFF1npugHiDtDidnbMntbJtsy2ZZRJtvKQy-OyUszuPb3yFFPBl4dAUgW-i7CaH36I5pwpffY2QH7uePXdf_Y_AOdy66g</recordid><startdate>20010601</startdate><enddate>20010601</enddate><creator>Manoach, Dara S.</creator><creator>Halpern, Elkan F.</creator><creator>Kramer, Todd S.</creator><creator>Chang, Yuchiao</creator><creator>Goff, Donald C.</creator><creator>Rauch, Scott L.</creator><creator>Kennedy, David N.</creator><creator>Gollub, Randy L.</creator><general>American Psychiatric Publishing</general><general>American Psychiatric Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010601</creationdate><title>Test-Retest Reliability of a Functional MRI Working Memory Paradigm in Normal and Schizophrenic Subjects</title><author>Manoach, Dara S. ; Halpern, Elkan F. ; Kramer, Todd S. ; Chang, Yuchiao ; Goff, Donald C. ; Rauch, Scott L. ; Kennedy, David N. ; Gollub, Randy L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a521t-11bb66cc4cef386a36f03cc5276e071bd91f68bc142a8def774f9a434932ada03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cerebral Cortex - physiology</topic><topic>Cognition & reasoning</topic><topic>Cognition - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Form Perception - physiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Memory - physiology</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Motor Skills - physiology</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems</topic><topic>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Reaction Time - physiology</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Schizophrenia</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Schizophrenic Psychology</topic><topic>Task performance</topic><topic>Techniques and methods</topic><topic>Test-retest reliability</topic><topic>Tests</topic><topic>Working memory</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Manoach, Dara S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Halpern, Elkan F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kramer, Todd S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Yuchiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goff, Donald C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rauch, Scott L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kennedy, David N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gollub, Randy L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Manoach, Dara S.</au><au>Halpern, Elkan F.</au><au>Kramer, Todd S.</au><au>Chang, Yuchiao</au><au>Goff, Donald C.</au><au>Rauch, Scott L.</au><au>Kennedy, David N.</au><au>Gollub, Randy L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Test-Retest Reliability of a Functional MRI Working Memory Paradigm in Normal and Schizophrenic Subjects</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2001-06-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>158</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>955</spage><epage>958</epage><pages>955-958</pages><issn>0002-953X</issn><eissn>1535-7228</eissn><coden>AJPSAO</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVE: Repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of schizophrenic subjects may identify brain activity changes in response to interventions. To interpret the findings, however, it is crucial to know the test-retest reliability of the measures used. METHOD: The authors scanned seven normal subjects and seven schizophrenic subjects on two occasions during performance of a working memory task. They quantified the reliability of task performance and brain activation. RESULTS: In both groups, task performance was reliable, and all a priori regions were activated in group-averaged test and retest data. In individual schizophrenic subjects, however, indices of cognitive activation were not reliable across sessions. Normal subjects showed reasonable reliability of activation. CONCLUSIONS: Even given reliable task performance, stable clinical status, and a stable pattern of group-averaged activation, individual subjects showed unreliable brain activation. This suggests that repeated fMRI studies of schizophrenia should control for sources of variation, both artifactual and intrinsic.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychiatric Publishing</pub><pmid>11384907</pmid><doi>10.1176/appi.ajp.158.6.955</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; American Psychiatric Publishing Journals (1997-Present); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Adult Biological and medical sciences Cerebral Cortex - physiology Cognition & reasoning Cognition - physiology Female Form Perception - physiology Humans Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - statistics & numerical data Male Medical sciences Memory Memory - physiology Middle Aged Motor Skills - physiology Neurology NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems Psychomotor Performance - physiology Psychopathology. Psychiatry Reaction Time - physiology Reproducibility of Results Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - diagnosis Schizophrenic Psychology Task performance Techniques and methods Test-retest reliability Tests Working memory |
| title | Test-Retest Reliability of a Functional MRI Working Memory Paradigm in Normal and Schizophrenic Subjects |
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