Force and focal adhesion assembly: a close relationship studied using elastic micropatterned substrates
Mechanical forces play a major role in the regulation of cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. In order to explore the molecular mechanism underlying this regulation, we have investigated the relationship between local force applied by the cell to the substrate and the assembly of focal adhes...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature cell biology 2001-05, Vol.3 (5), p.466-472 |
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| creator | Balaban, Nathalie Q. Schwarz, Ulrich S. Riveline, Daniel Goichberg, Polina Tzur, Gila Sabanay, Ilana Mahalu, Diana Safran, Sam Bershadsky, Alexander Addadi, Lia Geiger, Benjamin |
| description | Mechanical forces play a major role in the regulation of cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. In order to explore the molecular mechanism underlying this regulation, we have investigated the relationship between local force applied by the cell to the substrate and the assembly of focal adhesions. A novel approach was developed for real-time, high-resolution measurements of forces applied by cells at single adhesion sites. This method combines micropatterning of elastomer substrates and fluorescence imaging of focal adhesions in live cells expressing GFP-tagged vinculin. Local forces are correlated with the orientation, total fluorescence intensity and area of the focal adhesions, indicating a constant stress of 5.5 ± 2 nNμm-2. The dynamics of the force-dependent modulation of focal adhesions were characterized by blocking actomyosin contractility and were found to be on a time scale of seconds. The results put clear constraints on the possible molecular mechanisms for the mechanosensory response of focal adhesions to applied force. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/35074532 |
| format | Article |
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In order to explore the molecular mechanism underlying this regulation, we have investigated the relationship between local force applied by the cell to the substrate and the assembly of focal adhesions. A novel approach was developed for real-time, high-resolution measurements of forces applied by cells at single adhesion sites. This method combines micropatterning of elastomer substrates and fluorescence imaging of focal adhesions in live cells expressing GFP-tagged vinculin. Local forces are correlated with the orientation, total fluorescence intensity and area of the focal adhesions, indicating a constant stress of 5.5 ± 2 nNμm-2. The dynamics of the force-dependent modulation of focal adhesions were characterized by blocking actomyosin contractility and were found to be on a time scale of seconds. The results put clear constraints on the possible molecular mechanisms for the mechanosensory response of focal adhesions to applied force.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1465-7392</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4679</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/35074532</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11331874</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Adhesion ; Animals ; Biology ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Cancer Research ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell adhesion & migration ; Cell adhesion molecules ; Cell Biology ; Cells, Cultured ; Developmental Biology ; Diagnostic Imaging - methods ; Elastomers - metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; Fibroblasts - ultrastructure ; Fluorescence ; Focal Adhesions - metabolism ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Humans ; Life Sciences ; Luminescent Proteins - metabolism ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast ; Morphogenesis ; Myocardium - cytology ; Physiological aspects ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism ; Semiconductor research ; Space life sciences ; Stem Cells ; Stress, Mechanical ; Substrates ; Time Factors ; Vinculin - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Nature cell biology, 2001-05, Vol.3 (5), p.466-472</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 2001</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2001 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group May 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-4674f4f6dea0d3c14c6a94a8f78429bdb28ea981e72064c364ba54c671590a133</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-4674f4f6dea0d3c14c6a94a8f78429bdb28ea981e72064c364ba54c671590a133</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/35074532$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/35074532$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11331874$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Balaban, Nathalie Q.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwarz, Ulrich S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riveline, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goichberg, Polina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tzur, Gila</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabanay, Ilana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahalu, Diana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Safran, Sam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bershadsky, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Addadi, Lia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geiger, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><title>Force and focal adhesion assembly: a close relationship studied using elastic micropatterned substrates</title><title>Nature cell biology</title><addtitle>Nat Cell Biol</addtitle><addtitle>Nat Cell Biol</addtitle><description>Mechanical forces play a major role in the regulation of cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. In order to explore the molecular mechanism underlying this regulation, we have investigated the relationship between local force applied by the cell to the substrate and the assembly of focal adhesions. A novel approach was developed for real-time, high-resolution measurements of forces applied by cells at single adhesion sites. This method combines micropatterning of elastomer substrates and fluorescence imaging of focal adhesions in live cells expressing GFP-tagged vinculin. Local forces are correlated with the orientation, total fluorescence intensity and area of the focal adhesions, indicating a constant stress of 5.5 ± 2 nNμm-2. The dynamics of the force-dependent modulation of focal adhesions were characterized by blocking actomyosin contractility and were found to be on a time scale of seconds. 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cytology</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Semiconductor research</subject><subject>Space life sciences</subject><subject>Stem Cells</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Vinculin - metabolism</subject><issn>1465-7392</issn><issn>1476-4679</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNptkV1rFDEUhgdRbK2Cv0CCgujF1nzNZKZ3pdhaKBSqXoczmTPTlJnJmpMB--_NsivLWslFQt7nfLznFMVbwU8FV_UXVXKjSyWfFcdCm2qlK9M837yrcmVUI4-KV0QPnAutuXlZHAmhlKiNPi6GyxAdMpg71gcHI4PuHsmHmQERTu34eMaAuTEQsogjpCzRvV8zSkvnsWML-XlgWaHkHZu8i2ENKWGcs0hLSylCQnpdvOhhJHyzu0-Kn5dff1x8W93cXl1fnN-sXLaQNo3rXvdVh8A75YR2FTQa6t7UWjZt18oaoakFGskr7VSlWygzZETZcMiuToqP27zrGH4tSMlOnhyOI8wYFrKG14KXSmTw_T_gQ1jinHuzUkpVG6V4hj5soQFGtH7uQ3bjNhntuaiVNE1Tykyd_ofKp8M8jzBj7_P_QcDng4DMJPydBliI7PX3u0P205bNgyWK2Nt19BPERyu43Szf_l1-Rt_tLC3thN0e3G17X5eyNA8Y956fJPsDrCGzzQ</recordid><startdate>20010501</startdate><enddate>20010501</enddate><creator>Balaban, Nathalie Q.</creator><creator>Schwarz, Ulrich S.</creator><creator>Riveline, Daniel</creator><creator>Goichberg, Polina</creator><creator>Tzur, Gila</creator><creator>Sabanay, Ilana</creator><creator>Mahalu, Diana</creator><creator>Safran, Sam</creator><creator>Bershadsky, Alexander</creator><creator>Addadi, Lia</creator><creator>Geiger, Benjamin</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010501</creationdate><title>Force and focal adhesion assembly: a close relationship studied using elastic micropatterned substrates</title><author>Balaban, Nathalie Q. ; Schwarz, Ulrich S. ; Riveline, Daniel ; Goichberg, Polina ; Tzur, Gila ; Sabanay, Ilana ; Mahalu, Diana ; Safran, Sam ; Bershadsky, Alexander ; Addadi, Lia ; Geiger, Benjamin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-4674f4f6dea0d3c14c6a94a8f78429bdb28ea981e72064c364ba54c671590a133</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Adhesion</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cancer Research</topic><topic>Cell Adhesion</topic><topic>Cell adhesion & migration</topic><topic>Cell adhesion molecules</topic><topic>Cell Biology</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Developmental Biology</topic><topic>Diagnostic Imaging - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Nature cell biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Balaban, Nathalie Q.</au><au>Schwarz, Ulrich S.</au><au>Riveline, Daniel</au><au>Goichberg, Polina</au><au>Tzur, Gila</au><au>Sabanay, Ilana</au><au>Mahalu, Diana</au><au>Safran, Sam</au><au>Bershadsky, Alexander</au><au>Addadi, Lia</au><au>Geiger, Benjamin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Force and focal adhesion assembly: a close relationship studied using elastic micropatterned substrates</atitle><jtitle>Nature cell biology</jtitle><stitle>Nat Cell Biol</stitle><addtitle>Nat Cell Biol</addtitle><date>2001-05-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>3</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>466</spage><epage>472</epage><pages>466-472</pages><issn>1465-7392</issn><eissn>1476-4679</eissn><abstract>Mechanical forces play a major role in the regulation of cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. In order to explore the molecular mechanism underlying this regulation, we have investigated the relationship between local force applied by the cell to the substrate and the assembly of focal adhesions. A novel approach was developed for real-time, high-resolution measurements of forces applied by cells at single adhesion sites. This method combines micropatterning of elastomer substrates and fluorescence imaging of focal adhesions in live cells expressing GFP-tagged vinculin. Local forces are correlated with the orientation, total fluorescence intensity and area of the focal adhesions, indicating a constant stress of 5.5 ± 2 nNμm-2. The dynamics of the force-dependent modulation of focal adhesions were characterized by blocking actomyosin contractility and were found to be on a time scale of seconds. The results put clear constraints on the possible molecular mechanisms for the mechanosensory response of focal adhesions to applied force.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>11331874</pmid><doi>10.1038/35074532</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adhesion Animals Biology Biomedical and Life Sciences Cancer Research Cell Adhesion Cell adhesion & migration Cell adhesion molecules Cell Biology Cells, Cultured Developmental Biology Diagnostic Imaging - methods Elastomers - metabolism Fibroblasts Fibroblasts - ultrastructure Fluorescence Focal Adhesions - metabolism Green Fluorescent Proteins Humans Life Sciences Luminescent Proteins - metabolism Microscopy Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, Phase-Contrast Morphogenesis Myocardium - cytology Physiological aspects Rats Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism Semiconductor research Space life sciences Stem Cells Stress, Mechanical Substrates Time Factors Vinculin - metabolism |
| title | Force and focal adhesion assembly: a close relationship studied using elastic micropatterned substrates |
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