Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation and the Release of P-Selectin from Platelets by Cilostazol

To evaluate the in vitro effects of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, on platelet responses, we measured platelet aggregation and the levels of soluble P-selectin, a glycoprotein present on the α-granule membrane in resting platelets, and cAMP. Platelet-rich plasma and washed platelets from healthy human volunteers were treated with cilostazol (5, 25 and 50 μM). Platelet-rich plasma was stimulated by ADP (1 and 5 μM) or collagen (5 μg/ml). Washed platelets were stimulated by thrombin (4 U/ml) in the presence or absence of 1 μM forskolin. In vehicle-treated samples, soluble P-selectin levels in response to 1 μM ADP-induced primary aggregation were similar to those of circulating levels of healthy volunteers but the levels in response to 5 μM ADP-induced secondary aggregation and collagen-induced aggregation increased markedly compared to those in response to primary aggregation. This result suggests that P-selectin is released from platelets according to the extent of platelet aggregation. Cilostazol inhibited platelet aggregation as well as P-selectin release in a concentration-dependent manner. Cilostazol inhibited completely thrombin-induced aggregation in the presence of 1 μM forskolin, when cAMP levels were two-fold higher than those in the absence of forskolin. Cilostazol, which increases intracellular cAMP in platelets, may be useful in the treatment of arterial occlusive diseases.