Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development
Human milk provides all the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), as well as their longer-chain more-unsaturated metabolites, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and DHA (22:6n-3) to support the growth and development of the breast-fed infant. Hu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2007-08, Vol.66 (3), p.397-404 |
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| description | Human milk provides all the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), as well as their longer-chain more-unsaturated metabolites, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and DHA (22:6n-3) to support the growth and development of the breast-fed infant. Human milk levels of LA have increased in Westernized nations from mean levels (g/100 g total fatty acids) of 6 to 12–16 over the last century, paralleling the increase in dietary intake of LA-rich vegetable oils. DHA levels (g/100 g total milk fatty acids) vary from 1% and are lowest in countries in which the intake of DHA from fish and other animal tissue lipids is low. The role of DHA in infant nutrition is of particular importance because DHA is accumulated specifically in the membrane lipids of the brain and retina, where it is important to visual and neural function. An important question is the extent to which many human diets that contain low amounts of n-3 fatty acids may compromise human development. The present paper reviews current knowledge on maternal diet and human milk fatty acids, the implications of maternal diet as the only source of essential fatty acids for infant development both before and after birth, and recent studies addressing the maternal intakes and milk DHA levels associated with risk of low infant neural system maturation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0029665107005666 |
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Human milk levels of LA have increased in Westernized nations from mean levels (g/100 g total fatty acids) of 6 to 12–16 over the last century, paralleling the increase in dietary intake of LA-rich vegetable oils. DHA levels (g/100 g total milk fatty acids) vary from <0·1 to >1% and are lowest in countries in which the intake of DHA from fish and other animal tissue lipids is low. The role of DHA in infant nutrition is of particular importance because DHA is accumulated specifically in the membrane lipids of the brain and retina, where it is important to visual and neural function. An important question is the extent to which many human diets that contain low amounts of n-3 fatty acids may compromise human development. The present paper reviews current knowledge on maternal diet and human milk fatty acids, the implications of maternal diet as the only source of essential fatty acids for infant development both before and after birth, and recent studies addressing the maternal intakes and milk DHA levels associated with risk of low infant neural system maturation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0029-6651</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-2719</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0029665107005666</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17637092</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PNUSA4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Animal tissues ; arachidonic acid ; Biological and medical sciences ; breast feeding ; breast milk ; Chronic illnesses ; Diet ; dietary fat ; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats - metabolism ; docosahexaenoic acid ; Erythrocytes ; essential fatty acids ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage ; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; Fish oils ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene expression ; Human nutrition ; Humans ; Infant ; infant development ; infant feeding ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn - growth & development ; Infants ; Lactation - metabolism ; linoleic acid ; linolenic acid ; Lipids ; literature reviews ; maternal nutrition ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology ; Metabolites ; Milk ; Milk, Human - chemistry ; neonates ; Nutrition ; omega-3 fatty acids ; omega-6 fatty acids ; protective effect ; Vegetable oils ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 2007-08, Vol.66 (3), p.397-404</ispartof><rights>Copyright © The Authors 2007</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>The Authors</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c564t-d7e8c109dcc5d8d60b7baa21fc54482cf0525da90964d871078e1966671e47923</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c564t-d7e8c109dcc5d8d60b7baa21fc54482cf0525da90964d871078e1966671e47923</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0029665107005666/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,309,310,314,780,784,789,790,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925,55628</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18950797$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17637092$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Innis, Sheila M.</creatorcontrib><title>Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development</title><title>Proceedings of the Nutrition Society</title><addtitle>Proc Nutr Soc</addtitle><description>Human milk provides all the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), as well as their longer-chain more-unsaturated metabolites, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and DHA (22:6n-3) to support the growth and development of the breast-fed infant. Human milk levels of LA have increased in Westernized nations from mean levels (g/100 g total fatty acids) of 6 to 12–16 over the last century, paralleling the increase in dietary intake of LA-rich vegetable oils. DHA levels (g/100 g total milk fatty acids) vary from <0·1 to >1% and are lowest in countries in which the intake of DHA from fish and other animal tissue lipids is low. The role of DHA in infant nutrition is of particular importance because DHA is accumulated specifically in the membrane lipids of the brain and retina, where it is important to visual and neural function. An important question is the extent to which many human diets that contain low amounts of n-3 fatty acids may compromise human development. The present paper reviews current knowledge on maternal diet and human milk fatty acids, the implications of maternal diet as the only source of essential fatty acids for infant development both before and after birth, and recent studies addressing the maternal intakes and milk DHA levels associated with risk of low infant neural system maturation.</description><subject>Animal tissues</subject><subject>arachidonic acid</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>breast feeding</subject><subject>breast milk</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>dietary fat</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - metabolism</subject><subject>docosahexaenoic acid</subject><subject>Erythrocytes</subject><subject>essential fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fish oils</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Human nutrition</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>infant development</subject><subject>infant feeding</subject><subject>Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn - growth & development</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Lactation - metabolism</subject><subject>linoleic acid</subject><subject>linolenic acid</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>literature reviews</subject><subject>maternal nutrition</subject><subject>Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Milk, Human - chemistry</subject><subject>neonates</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>omega-3 fatty acids</subject><subject>omega-6 fatty acids</subject><subject>protective effect</subject><subject>Vegetable oils</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><issn>0029-6651</issn><issn>1475-2719</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0M9rFTEQB_AgFfus_gG9tIugt7Uz2U0m6a0UtULBQ9vzkpdkS-r-eE12Bf97s7yFBxXxlMN8ZjLfYewU4TMC0sUdANdSCgQCEFLKV2yDNYmSE-ojtlnK5VI_Zm9TegJAWSv5hh0jyYpA8w27vJl7MxR96H5eFr2ZfBxMV7jgJxN_F13YBZcKM7giDK0ZpsL5X74bd70fpnfsdWu65N-v7wl7-Prl_vqmvP3x7fv11W1phayn0pFXFkE7a4VTTsKWtsZwbK2oa8VtC4ILZzRoWTtFOYvymFNJQl-T5tUJ-7Sfu4vj8-zT1PQhWd91ZvDjnBoCEiiF_i_kiEojQYYfXsCncV6CZ8Opkvl7lRHukY1jStG3zS6GPl-lQWiW8zd_nT_3nK2D523v3aFjvXcGH1dgkjVdG81gQzo4pQWQpuzO9641Y2MeYzYPdxywAlCaS71kqNb1TL-NwT36Q4h_L_gH-V2icw</recordid><startdate>20070801</startdate><enddate>20070801</enddate><creator>Innis, Sheila M.</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><general>Cambridge Univesity Press</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070801</creationdate><title>Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development</title><author>Innis, Sheila M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c564t-d7e8c109dcc5d8d60b7baa21fc54482cf0525da90964d871078e1966671e47923</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Animal tissues</topic><topic>arachidonic acid</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>breast feeding</topic><topic>breast milk</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>dietary fat</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - metabolism</topic><topic>docosahexaenoic acid</topic><topic>Erythrocytes</topic><topic>essential fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fish oils</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Human nutrition</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>infant development</topic><topic>infant feeding</topic><topic>Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn - growth & development</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Lactation - metabolism</topic><topic>linoleic acid</topic><topic>linolenic acid</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>literature reviews</topic><topic>maternal nutrition</topic><topic>Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Milk, Human - chemistry</topic><topic>neonates</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>omega-3 fatty acids</topic><topic>omega-6 fatty acids</topic><topic>protective effect</topic><topic>Vegetable oils</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Innis, Sheila M.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Journals</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest - Health & Medical Complete保健、医学与药学数据库</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the Nutrition Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Innis, Sheila M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the Nutrition Society</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Nutr Soc</addtitle><date>2007-08-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>66</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>397</spage><epage>404</epage><pages>397-404</pages><issn>0029-6651</issn><eissn>1475-2719</eissn><coden>PNUSA4</coden><abstract>Human milk provides all the dietary essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3), as well as their longer-chain more-unsaturated metabolites, including arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and DHA (22:6n-3) to support the growth and development of the breast-fed infant. Human milk levels of LA have increased in Westernized nations from mean levels (g/100 g total fatty acids) of 6 to 12–16 over the last century, paralleling the increase in dietary intake of LA-rich vegetable oils. DHA levels (g/100 g total milk fatty acids) vary from <0·1 to >1% and are lowest in countries in which the intake of DHA from fish and other animal tissue lipids is low. The role of DHA in infant nutrition is of particular importance because DHA is accumulated specifically in the membrane lipids of the brain and retina, where it is important to visual and neural function. An important question is the extent to which many human diets that contain low amounts of n-3 fatty acids may compromise human development. The present paper reviews current knowledge on maternal diet and human milk fatty acids, the implications of maternal diet as the only source of essential fatty acids for infant development both before and after birth, and recent studies addressing the maternal intakes and milk DHA levels associated with risk of low infant neural system maturation.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>17637092</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0029665107005666</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animal tissues arachidonic acid Biological and medical sciences breast feeding breast milk Chronic illnesses Diet dietary fat Dietary Fats - administration & dosage Dietary Fats - metabolism docosahexaenoic acid Erythrocytes essential fatty acids Fatty acids Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism Feeding. Feeding behavior Female Fish oils Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene expression Human nutrition Humans Infant infant development infant feeding Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Infant, Newborn - growth & development Infants Lactation - metabolism linoleic acid linolenic acid Lipids literature reviews maternal nutrition Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology Metabolites Milk Milk, Human - chemistry neonates Nutrition omega-3 fatty acids omega-6 fatty acids protective effect Vegetable oils Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems |
| title | Human milk: maternal dietary lipids and infant development |
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