Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer Is Less Likely to Arise among Lipophilic Statin Users
Background: Preclinical studies have shown the anticancer potential of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors (statins), whereas epidemiologic studies remain controversial. Because lipophilic statins show preclinical anticancer activity against hormone receptor [estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone rece...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention biomarkers & prevention, 2008-05, Vol.17 (5), p.1028-1033 |
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| container_title | Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention |
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| creator | Kumar, Anjali S Benz, Christopher C Shim, Veronica Minami, Christina A Moore, Dan H Esserman, Laura J |
| description | Background: Preclinical studies have shown the anticancer potential of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors (statins), whereas
epidemiologic studies remain controversial. Because lipophilic statins show preclinical anticancer activity against hormone
receptor [estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)]–negative breast cancer models, we explored the hormone receptor
phenotype of breast cancers that arise in statin users.
Methods: We did a retrospective cohort analysis via electronic pharmacy records from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California
Cancer Registry on 2,141 female patients listed in 2003 as incident cases of breast malignancy. Measures included tumor grade,
stage, and receptor phenotype in statin users versus nonusers and controlled for hormone replacement therapy and race.
Results: 387 of the 2,141 breast cancer patients used lipophilic statins [lovastatin (85%), simvastatin, and atorvastatin].
Fifty-one women developed ER/PR-negative tumors. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of developing an ER/PR negative tumor was
0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.92; P = 0.02) for statin use ≥1 year before breast cancer diagnosis compared with statin use |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0726 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_70740338</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>70740338</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-dc1922afae7bc7e9ff8467abba87f124f4ed0107e353c10daa24981b6875a2123</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpFkNFKwzAUhoMoTqePoORKvOlM0qZpL-eYOhgq6q5jmp6u0a6tSafsznfwDX0SMzcRQnII33_O4UPohJIBpTy5oITzIE1jPhjfTwIi_GHxDjqgPEwCITjf9fUf00OHzr0QQkTK-T7q0SSKw4iwA_Q8dp1t5lDjB9DQdo39_vy6hbnqzDvgSwvKdXikag0WTxyegvOXeYVqhbsGD61xgNWiqef-t23a0lRG48fOx2s8c2DdEdorVOXgePv20exq_DS6CaZ315PRcBroiMRdkGuaMqYKBSLTAtKi8CsKlWUqEQVlURFBTigREPJQU5IrxaI0oVmcCK4YZWEfnW36trZ5W4Lr5MI4DVWlamiWTgoiIhKGiQf5BtS2cc5CIVtrFsquJCVyrVautcm1NunVSiLkWq3PnW4HLLMF5P-prUsPnG-A0szLD2NB6l9vFhwoq0tJheS-OUvCH8b1hEE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>70740338</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer Is Less Likely to Arise among Lipophilic Statin Users</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>American Association for Cancer Research</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><creator>Kumar, Anjali S ; Benz, Christopher C ; Shim, Veronica ; Minami, Christina A ; Moore, Dan H ; Esserman, Laura J</creator><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Anjali S ; Benz, Christopher C ; Shim, Veronica ; Minami, Christina A ; Moore, Dan H ; Esserman, Laura J</creatorcontrib><description>Background: Preclinical studies have shown the anticancer potential of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors (statins), whereas
epidemiologic studies remain controversial. Because lipophilic statins show preclinical anticancer activity against hormone
receptor [estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)]–negative breast cancer models, we explored the hormone receptor
phenotype of breast cancers that arise in statin users.
Methods: We did a retrospective cohort analysis via electronic pharmacy records from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California
Cancer Registry on 2,141 female patients listed in 2003 as incident cases of breast malignancy. Measures included tumor grade,
stage, and receptor phenotype in statin users versus nonusers and controlled for hormone replacement therapy and race.
Results: 387 of the 2,141 breast cancer patients used lipophilic statins [lovastatin (85%), simvastatin, and atorvastatin].
Fifty-one women developed ER/PR-negative tumors. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of developing an ER/PR negative tumor was
0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.92; P = 0.02) for statin use ≥1 year before breast cancer diagnosis compared with statin use <1 year (including nonuse). Breast
cancers in patients with ≥1 year of statin use were more likely to be low grade (OR, 1.44) and less invasive stage (OR, 1.42).
Conclusions: Breast cancer patients with exposure to statins have proportionately fewer ER/PR-negative tumors that are of
lower grade and stage. Although our data set cannot address whether statins affect the incidence of breast cancer, we show
that statin use may influence the phenotype of tumors. This suggests a new potential strategy for breast cancer prevention,
that of combining statins with agents that prevent ER-positive cancer (tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors). (Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(5):1028–33)</description><identifier>ISSN: 1055-9965</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-7755</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0726</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18463402</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Association for Cancer Research</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analysis of Variance ; Breast cancer ; Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms - pathology ; Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control ; California - epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Ductal - epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Ductal - pathology ; Estrogen receptor ; Female ; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - pharmacology ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptors, Estrogen - analysis ; Receptors, Estrogen - drug effects ; Receptors, Progesterone - analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone - drug effects ; Registries ; Retrospective Studies ; Statins</subject><ispartof>Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention, 2008-05, Vol.17 (5), p.1028-1033</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-dc1922afae7bc7e9ff8467abba87f124f4ed0107e353c10daa24981b6875a2123</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-dc1922afae7bc7e9ff8467abba87f124f4ed0107e353c10daa24981b6875a2123</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3343,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18463402$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Anjali S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benz, Christopher C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shim, Veronica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minami, Christina A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Dan H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esserman, Laura J</creatorcontrib><title>Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer Is Less Likely to Arise among Lipophilic Statin Users</title><title>Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention</title><addtitle>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev</addtitle><description>Background: Preclinical studies have shown the anticancer potential of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors (statins), whereas
epidemiologic studies remain controversial. Because lipophilic statins show preclinical anticancer activity against hormone
receptor [estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)]–negative breast cancer models, we explored the hormone receptor
phenotype of breast cancers that arise in statin users.
Methods: We did a retrospective cohort analysis via electronic pharmacy records from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California
Cancer Registry on 2,141 female patients listed in 2003 as incident cases of breast malignancy. Measures included tumor grade,
stage, and receptor phenotype in statin users versus nonusers and controlled for hormone replacement therapy and race.
Results: 387 of the 2,141 breast cancer patients used lipophilic statins [lovastatin (85%), simvastatin, and atorvastatin].
Fifty-one women developed ER/PR-negative tumors. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of developing an ER/PR negative tumor was
0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.92; P = 0.02) for statin use ≥1 year before breast cancer diagnosis compared with statin use <1 year (including nonuse). Breast
cancers in patients with ≥1 year of statin use were more likely to be low grade (OR, 1.44) and less invasive stage (OR, 1.42).
Conclusions: Breast cancer patients with exposure to statins have proportionately fewer ER/PR-negative tumors that are of
lower grade and stage. Although our data set cannot address whether statins affect the incidence of breast cancer, we show
that statin use may influence the phenotype of tumors. This suggests a new potential strategy for breast cancer prevention,
that of combining statins with agents that prevent ER-positive cancer (tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors). (Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(5):1028–33)</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control</subject><subject>California - epidemiology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Ductal - epidemiology</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Ductal - pathology</subject><subject>Estrogen receptor</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neoplasm Staging</subject><subject>Receptors, Estrogen - analysis</subject><subject>Receptors, Estrogen - drug effects</subject><subject>Receptors, Progesterone - analysis</subject><subject>Receptors, Progesterone - drug effects</subject><subject>Registries</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Statins</subject><issn>1055-9965</issn><issn>1538-7755</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpFkNFKwzAUhoMoTqePoORKvOlM0qZpL-eYOhgq6q5jmp6u0a6tSafsznfwDX0SMzcRQnII33_O4UPohJIBpTy5oITzIE1jPhjfTwIi_GHxDjqgPEwCITjf9fUf00OHzr0QQkTK-T7q0SSKw4iwA_Q8dp1t5lDjB9DQdo39_vy6hbnqzDvgSwvKdXikag0WTxyegvOXeYVqhbsGD61xgNWiqef-t23a0lRG48fOx2s8c2DdEdorVOXgePv20exq_DS6CaZ315PRcBroiMRdkGuaMqYKBSLTAtKi8CsKlWUqEQVlURFBTigREPJQU5IrxaI0oVmcCK4YZWEfnW36trZ5W4Lr5MI4DVWlamiWTgoiIhKGiQf5BtS2cc5CIVtrFsquJCVyrVautcm1NunVSiLkWq3PnW4HLLMF5P-prUsPnG-A0szLD2NB6l9vFhwoq0tJheS-OUvCH8b1hEE</recordid><startdate>20080501</startdate><enddate>20080501</enddate><creator>Kumar, Anjali S</creator><creator>Benz, Christopher C</creator><creator>Shim, Veronica</creator><creator>Minami, Christina A</creator><creator>Moore, Dan H</creator><creator>Esserman, Laura J</creator><general>American Association for Cancer Research</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080501</creationdate><title>Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer Is Less Likely to Arise among Lipophilic Statin Users</title><author>Kumar, Anjali S ; Benz, Christopher C ; Shim, Veronica ; Minami, Christina A ; Moore, Dan H ; Esserman, Laura J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-dc1922afae7bc7e9ff8467abba87f124f4ed0107e353c10daa24981b6875a2123</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control</topic><topic>California - epidemiology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Ductal - epidemiology</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Ductal - pathology</topic><topic>Estrogen receptor</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - pharmacology</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neoplasm Staging</topic><topic>Receptors, Estrogen - analysis</topic><topic>Receptors, Estrogen - drug effects</topic><topic>Receptors, Progesterone - analysis</topic><topic>Receptors, Progesterone - drug effects</topic><topic>Registries</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Statins</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Anjali S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benz, Christopher C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shim, Veronica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Minami, Christina A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Dan H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Esserman, Laura J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kumar, Anjali S</au><au>Benz, Christopher C</au><au>Shim, Veronica</au><au>Minami, Christina A</au><au>Moore, Dan H</au><au>Esserman, Laura J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer Is Less Likely to Arise among Lipophilic Statin Users</atitle><jtitle>Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention</jtitle><addtitle>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev</addtitle><date>2008-05-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1028</spage><epage>1033</epage><pages>1028-1033</pages><issn>1055-9965</issn><eissn>1538-7755</eissn><abstract>Background: Preclinical studies have shown the anticancer potential of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme inhibitors (statins), whereas
epidemiologic studies remain controversial. Because lipophilic statins show preclinical anticancer activity against hormone
receptor [estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)]–negative breast cancer models, we explored the hormone receptor
phenotype of breast cancers that arise in statin users.
Methods: We did a retrospective cohort analysis via electronic pharmacy records from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California
Cancer Registry on 2,141 female patients listed in 2003 as incident cases of breast malignancy. Measures included tumor grade,
stage, and receptor phenotype in statin users versus nonusers and controlled for hormone replacement therapy and race.
Results: 387 of the 2,141 breast cancer patients used lipophilic statins [lovastatin (85%), simvastatin, and atorvastatin].
Fifty-one women developed ER/PR-negative tumors. The age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of developing an ER/PR negative tumor was
0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.92; P = 0.02) for statin use ≥1 year before breast cancer diagnosis compared with statin use <1 year (including nonuse). Breast
cancers in patients with ≥1 year of statin use were more likely to be low grade (OR, 1.44) and less invasive stage (OR, 1.42).
Conclusions: Breast cancer patients with exposure to statins have proportionately fewer ER/PR-negative tumors that are of
lower grade and stage. Although our data set cannot address whether statins affect the incidence of breast cancer, we show
that statin use may influence the phenotype of tumors. This suggests a new potential strategy for breast cancer prevention,
that of combining statins with agents that prevent ER-positive cancer (tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors). (Cancer Epidemiol
Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(5):1028–33)</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Association for Cancer Research</pub><pmid>18463402</pmid><doi>10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0726</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Association for Cancer Research; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Analysis of Variance Breast cancer Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology Breast Neoplasms - pathology Breast Neoplasms - prevention & control California - epidemiology Carcinoma, Ductal - epidemiology Carcinoma, Ductal - pathology Estrogen receptor Female HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors Humans Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - pharmacology Incidence Logistic Models Middle Aged Neoplasm Staging Receptors, Estrogen - analysis Receptors, Estrogen - drug effects Receptors, Progesterone - analysis Receptors, Progesterone - drug effects Registries Retrospective Studies Statins |
| title | Estrogen Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer Is Less Likely to Arise among Lipophilic Statin Users |
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