Superiority of reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation over conventional treatment for relapse of Hodgkin's lymphoma following autologous stem cell transplantation

This study compares outcome of reduced-intensity conditioned transplant (RIT) with outcome of conventional non-transplant therapy in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma relapsing following autograft. There were 72 patients in two groups who had relapsed, and received salvage therapy with chemotherapy±radiotherapy. One group ( n =38) then underwent alemtuzumab-containing RIT. The second group—historical controls ( n =34), relapsing before the advent of RIT—had no further high-dose therapy. This group was required to respond to salvage therapy and live for over 12 months post-relapse, demonstrating potential eligibility for RIT, had this been available. Overall survival (OS) from diagnosis was superior following RIT (48% at 10 years versus 15%; P =0.0014), as was survival from autograft (65% at 5 years versus 15%; P ⩽0.0001). For the RIT group, OS at 5 years from allograft was 51%, and in chemoresponsive patients was 58%, with current progression-free survival of 42%. Responses were seen in 8 of 15 patients receiving donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) for relapse/progression, with durable remission in five patients at median follow-up from DLI of 45 months (28–55). These data demonstrate the potential efficacy of RIT in heavily pre-treated patients whose outlook with conventional therapy is dismal, and provide evidence of a clinically relevant graft-versus-lymphoma effect.