Structural variation of the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter repeat polymorphism in nonhuman primates
By conferring allele‐specific transcriptional activity on the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene in humans, length variation of a repetitive sequence [(variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR)] in the MAOA promoter influences a constellation of personality traits related to aggressive and antisocial beh...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Genes, brain and behavior brain and behavior, 2006-02, Vol.5 (1), p.40-45 |
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| creator | Wendland, J. R. Hampe, M. Newman, T. K. Syagailo, Y. Meyer, J. Schempp, W. Timme, A. Suomi, S. J. Lesch, K. P. |
| description | By conferring allele‐specific transcriptional activity on the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene in humans, length variation of a repetitive sequence [(variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR)] in the MAOA promoter influences a constellation of personality traits related to aggressive and antisocial behavior and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Here, we have analyzed the presence and variability of this MAOA promoter repeat in several species of nonhuman primates. Sequence analysis of MAOA's transcriptional control region revealed the presence of the VNTR in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bonobo (Pan paniscus), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and Gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada). The majority of P. troglodytes and P. paniscus showed a single repeat with a sequence identical to the VNTR sequence in humans. In contrast, analyses of the remaining species revealed shorter sequences similar to the first 18 bp of human VNTR. Compared with other nonhuman primates, the VNTR sequence of M. mulatta showed the highest length variability with allele frequencies of 35, 25 and 40% for the five, six and seven repeat variants, respectively. The extent of variability of the MAOA promoter repeat in both rhesus monkeys and humans supports the notion that there may be a relationship between functional MAOA expression and aggression‐related traits in humans and rhesus macaque populations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2005.00130.x |
| format | Article |
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R. ; Hampe, M. ; Newman, T. K. ; Syagailo, Y. ; Meyer, J. ; Schempp, W. ; Timme, A. ; Suomi, S. J. ; Lesch, K. P.</creator><creatorcontrib>Wendland, J. R. ; Hampe, M. ; Newman, T. K. ; Syagailo, Y. ; Meyer, J. ; Schempp, W. ; Timme, A. ; Suomi, S. J. ; Lesch, K. P.</creatorcontrib><description>By conferring allele‐specific transcriptional activity on the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene in humans, length variation of a repetitive sequence [(variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR)] in the MAOA promoter influences a constellation of personality traits related to aggressive and antisocial behavior and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Here, we have analyzed the presence and variability of this MAOA promoter repeat in several species of nonhuman primates. Sequence analysis of MAOA's transcriptional control region revealed the presence of the VNTR in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bonobo (Pan paniscus), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and Gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada). The majority of P. troglodytes and P. paniscus showed a single repeat with a sequence identical to the VNTR sequence in humans. In contrast, analyses of the remaining species revealed shorter sequences similar to the first 18 bp of human VNTR. Compared with other nonhuman primates, the VNTR sequence of M. mulatta showed the highest length variability with allele frequencies of 35, 25 and 40% for the five, six and seven repeat variants, respectively. 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R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hampe, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newman, T. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Syagailo, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meyer, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schempp, W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Timme, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suomi, S. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lesch, K. P.</creatorcontrib><title>Structural variation of the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter repeat polymorphism in nonhuman primates</title><title>Genes, brain and behavior</title><addtitle>Genes Brain Behav</addtitle><description>By conferring allele‐specific transcriptional activity on the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene in humans, length variation of a repetitive sequence [(variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR)] in the MAOA promoter influences a constellation of personality traits related to aggressive and antisocial behavior and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Here, we have analyzed the presence and variability of this MAOA promoter repeat in several species of nonhuman primates. Sequence analysis of MAOA's transcriptional control region revealed the presence of the VNTR in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bonobo (Pan paniscus), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and Gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada). The majority of P. troglodytes and P. paniscus showed a single repeat with a sequence identical to the VNTR sequence in humans. In contrast, analyses of the remaining species revealed shorter sequences similar to the first 18 bp of human VNTR. Compared with other nonhuman primates, the VNTR sequence of M. mulatta showed the highest length variability with allele frequencies of 35, 25 and 40% for the five, six and seven repeat variants, respectively. The extent of variability of the MAOA promoter repeat in both rhesus monkeys and humans supports the notion that there may be a relationship between functional MAOA expression and aggression‐related traits in humans and rhesus macaque populations.</description><subject>Allelic variation</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>behavioral genetics</subject><subject>evolution</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene Frequency</subject><subject>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Macaca mulatta</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Minisatellite Repeats - physiology</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Monoamine Oxidase - chemistry</subject><subject>Monoamine Oxidase - genetics</subject><subject>neuroscience</subject><subject>nonhuman primates</subject><subject>Pan paniscus</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes</subject><subject>Paniscus</subject><subject>Papio</subject><subject>Pongo pygmaeus</subject><subject>Primates</subject><subject>Primates - genetics</subject><subject>Primates - metabolism</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic - physiology</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><subject>Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Temperament - physiology</subject><subject>Theropithecus gelada</subject><subject>Troglodytes</subject><issn>1601-1848</issn><issn>1601-183X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcFOGzEQhq2qqAHaV0A-9ZbFs16vjcQFEKSVkDgAUm-W1zvbOFqvU3u3Td6-DonSY_HFY80345n_J4QCKyCfy1UBNYM5KP6jKBkTBWPAWbH5QE6PiY_HuFIzcpbSKkOSK_hEZlBXvAYlT0n3PMbJjlM0Pf1tojOjCwMNHR2XSH0YgvFuQBo2rjUJ6Q39ifm5jsGHESONuEYz0nXotz7E9dIlT91AhzAsJ2-GDDpvRkyfyUln-oRfDvc5eX24f7n7Nn98Wny_u3mcW5EXmAvbyVIZgda2DTRVVVoJgrHaWCmENaxUV3UjOlPx1goFbcMNQ15BA7UU0vBz8nXfN0_4a8I0au-Sxb43A4YpaclkyZWo_guCZFdVWUIG1R60MaQUsdNvO8WtBqZ3ZuiV3umsd5rrnRn6zQy9yaUXhz-mxmP7r_Cgfgau98Af1-P23Y314vY2B_wv9_2ZvA</recordid><startdate>200602</startdate><enddate>200602</enddate><creator>Wendland, J. 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P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Structural variation of the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter repeat polymorphism in nonhuman primates</atitle><jtitle>Genes, brain and behavior</jtitle><addtitle>Genes Brain Behav</addtitle><date>2006-02</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>40</spage><epage>45</epage><pages>40-45</pages><issn>1601-1848</issn><eissn>1601-183X</eissn><abstract>By conferring allele‐specific transcriptional activity on the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene in humans, length variation of a repetitive sequence [(variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR)] in the MAOA promoter influences a constellation of personality traits related to aggressive and antisocial behavior and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Here, we have analyzed the presence and variability of this MAOA promoter repeat in several species of nonhuman primates. Sequence analysis of MAOA's transcriptional control region revealed the presence of the VNTR in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bonobo (Pan paniscus), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and Gelada baboon (Theropithecus gelada). The majority of P. troglodytes and P. paniscus showed a single repeat with a sequence identical to the VNTR sequence in humans. In contrast, analyses of the remaining species revealed shorter sequences similar to the first 18 bp of human VNTR. Compared with other nonhuman primates, the VNTR sequence of M. mulatta showed the highest length variability with allele frequencies of 35, 25 and 40% for the five, six and seven repeat variants, respectively. 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| subjects | Allelic variation Animals Base Sequence behavioral genetics evolution Female Gene Frequency Gorilla gorilla gorilla Humans Macaca mulatta Male Minisatellite Repeats - physiology Molecular Sequence Data Monoamine Oxidase - chemistry Monoamine Oxidase - genetics neuroscience nonhuman primates Pan paniscus Pan troglodytes Paniscus Papio Pongo pygmaeus Primates Primates - genetics Primates - metabolism Promoter Regions, Genetic - physiology Sequence Analysis, DNA Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Species Specificity Temperament - physiology Theropithecus gelada Troglodytes |
| title | Structural variation of the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter repeat polymorphism in nonhuman primates |
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