Self-Medication Practices with Antibiotics and Antimalarials Among Sudanese Undergraduate University Students
Background: In many developing countries, up to 60–80% of health problems are self-medicated. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and/or antimalarials and identify factors promoting such use among university students in Sudan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectio...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Annals of pharmacotherapy 2007-07, Vol.41 (7), p.1249-1255 |
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| container_title | The Annals of pharmacotherapy |
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| creator | Awad, Abdelmoneim I Eltayeb, Idris B |
| description | Background:
In many developing countries, up to 60–80% of health problems are self-medicated.
Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and/or antimalarials and identify factors promoting such use among university students in Sudan.
Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, using a pretested questionnaire on a sample of 1300 students selected from 5 universities in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Results:
Eight hundred ninety-one (79.5%; 95% CI 77.0 to 81.8) students from the study population had used antibiotics or antimalarials without a prescription within 1–2 months prior to the study. Four hundred ninety (55%; 95% CI 51.7 to 58.3) of the respondents stated that they had used antibiotics, 39 (4.4%; 95% CI 3.2 to 6.0) had used antimalarials, and 362 (40.6%; 95% CI 37.4 to 43.9) had used both. Overall, self-medication with antibiotics or antimalarials was significantly more common among students 21 years of age or older compared with those 20 years of age or younger (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.09; p = 0.004) and among students attending private universities compared with those attending public universities (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.95; p = 0.028). Self-medication with antibiotics followed a simitar pattern, which was significantly more common among students 21 years of age or older (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.81; p = 0.03) and private university respondents (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.02; p = 0.003). Self-medication with antimalarials was found to be significantly less common among females (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97; p = 0.028) and higher among the 21 years or older age group (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.40; p < 0.001), The most common reason indicated for self-medication was the respondents’ previous experiences with similar ailments. The main source of drugs was community pharmacies.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics/antimalarials among undergraduate university students in Khartoum State is high. Our findings highlight the need for planning interventions to promote the judicious use of antibiotics/antimicrobials. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1345/aph.1K068 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_70711158</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1345_aph.1K068</sage_id><sourcerecordid>70711158</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-4098b5a8687e4eda2e6d00a50b2a4672df0a5600f63863938e0d889008380d233</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkE1v1DAQhi0EoqVw4A-gXEDikDL-jHNcVeVDFIG09Gx548muq8RZbIeo_x63jbQXTvY7ejwzfgh5S-GSciE_2ePhkn4HpZ-RcyoFqxVr4Hm5g4IamIYz8iqlOwBoKWtfkjPaSCVBiHMybnHo6x_ofGezn0L1K9ou-w5Ttfh8qDYh-52fSiVVNrjHPNrBRm-HVG3GKeyr7exswITVbXAY99G62eaH5P9iTD7fV9s8Oww5vSYv-vIO36znBbn9fP376mt98_PLt6vNTd3xRuZaQKt30mqlGxToLEPlAKyEHbNCNcz1JSiAXnGteMs1gtO6BdBcg2OcX5APT32PcfozY8pm9KnDYSh7TnMyDTSUUqkL-PEJ7OKUUsTeHGP5X7w3FMyDW1Pcmke3hX23Np13I7oTucoswPsVsKmzQx9t6Hw6cbrlXEl52i7ZPZq7aY6hyPjvxBU8-P1h8RFNKu6HMp-aZVkENY2hTLT8H0ykm78</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>70711158</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Self-Medication Practices with Antibiotics and Antimalarials Among Sudanese Undergraduate University Students</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SAGE Complete</source><creator>Awad, Abdelmoneim I ; Eltayeb, Idris B</creator><creatorcontrib>Awad, Abdelmoneim I ; Eltayeb, Idris B</creatorcontrib><description>Background:
In many developing countries, up to 60–80% of health problems are self-medicated.
Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and/or antimalarials and identify factors promoting such use among university students in Sudan.
Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, using a pretested questionnaire on a sample of 1300 students selected from 5 universities in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Results:
Eight hundred ninety-one (79.5%; 95% CI 77.0 to 81.8) students from the study population had used antibiotics or antimalarials without a prescription within 1–2 months prior to the study. Four hundred ninety (55%; 95% CI 51.7 to 58.3) of the respondents stated that they had used antibiotics, 39 (4.4%; 95% CI 3.2 to 6.0) had used antimalarials, and 362 (40.6%; 95% CI 37.4 to 43.9) had used both. Overall, self-medication with antibiotics or antimalarials was significantly more common among students 21 years of age or older compared with those 20 years of age or younger (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.09; p = 0.004) and among students attending private universities compared with those attending public universities (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.95; p = 0.028). Self-medication with antibiotics followed a simitar pattern, which was significantly more common among students 21 years of age or older (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.81; p = 0.03) and private university respondents (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.02; p = 0.003). Self-medication with antimalarials was found to be significantly less common among females (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97; p = 0.028) and higher among the 21 years or older age group (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.40; p < 0.001), The most common reason indicated for self-medication was the respondents’ previous experiences with similar ailments. The main source of drugs was community pharmacies.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics/antimalarials among undergraduate university students in Khartoum State is high. Our findings highlight the need for planning interventions to promote the judicious use of antibiotics/antimicrobials.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1060-0280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1542-6270</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1345/aph.1K068</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17565044</identifier><identifier>CODEN: APHRER</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: Harvey Whitney Books</publisher><subject>Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage ; Antimalarials - administration & dosage ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Self Medication - methods ; Students ; Sudan - epidemiology ; Universities</subject><ispartof>The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2007-07, Vol.41 (7), p.1249-1255</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2007 Harvey Whitney Books Company</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-4098b5a8687e4eda2e6d00a50b2a4672df0a5600f63863938e0d889008380d233</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-4098b5a8687e4eda2e6d00a50b2a4672df0a5600f63863938e0d889008380d233</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1345/aph.1K068$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1345/aph.1K068$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,21798,27901,27902,43597,43598</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18933655$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17565044$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Awad, Abdelmoneim I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eltayeb, Idris B</creatorcontrib><title>Self-Medication Practices with Antibiotics and Antimalarials Among Sudanese Undergraduate University Students</title><title>The Annals of pharmacotherapy</title><addtitle>Ann Pharmacother</addtitle><description>Background:
In many developing countries, up to 60–80% of health problems are self-medicated.
Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and/or antimalarials and identify factors promoting such use among university students in Sudan.
Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, using a pretested questionnaire on a sample of 1300 students selected from 5 universities in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Results:
Eight hundred ninety-one (79.5%; 95% CI 77.0 to 81.8) students from the study population had used antibiotics or antimalarials without a prescription within 1–2 months prior to the study. Four hundred ninety (55%; 95% CI 51.7 to 58.3) of the respondents stated that they had used antibiotics, 39 (4.4%; 95% CI 3.2 to 6.0) had used antimalarials, and 362 (40.6%; 95% CI 37.4 to 43.9) had used both. Overall, self-medication with antibiotics or antimalarials was significantly more common among students 21 years of age or older compared with those 20 years of age or younger (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.09; p = 0.004) and among students attending private universities compared with those attending public universities (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.95; p = 0.028). Self-medication with antibiotics followed a simitar pattern, which was significantly more common among students 21 years of age or older (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.81; p = 0.03) and private university respondents (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.02; p = 0.003). Self-medication with antimalarials was found to be significantly less common among females (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97; p = 0.028) and higher among the 21 years or older age group (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.40; p < 0.001), The most common reason indicated for self-medication was the respondents’ previous experiences with similar ailments. The main source of drugs was community pharmacies.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics/antimalarials among undergraduate university students in Khartoum State is high. Our findings highlight the need for planning interventions to promote the judicious use of antibiotics/antimicrobials.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Antimalarials - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Self Medication - methods</subject><subject>Students</subject><subject>Sudan - epidemiology</subject><subject>Universities</subject><issn>1060-0280</issn><issn>1542-6270</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNptkE1v1DAQhi0EoqVw4A-gXEDikDL-jHNcVeVDFIG09Gx548muq8RZbIeo_x63jbQXTvY7ejwzfgh5S-GSciE_2ePhkn4HpZ-RcyoFqxVr4Hm5g4IamIYz8iqlOwBoKWtfkjPaSCVBiHMybnHo6x_ofGezn0L1K9ou-w5Ttfh8qDYh-52fSiVVNrjHPNrBRm-HVG3GKeyr7exswITVbXAY99G62eaH5P9iTD7fV9s8Oww5vSYv-vIO36znBbn9fP376mt98_PLt6vNTd3xRuZaQKt30mqlGxToLEPlAKyEHbNCNcz1JSiAXnGteMs1gtO6BdBcg2OcX5APT32PcfozY8pm9KnDYSh7TnMyDTSUUqkL-PEJ7OKUUsTeHGP5X7w3FMyDW1Pcmke3hX23Np13I7oTucoswPsVsKmzQx9t6Hw6cbrlXEl52i7ZPZq7aY6hyPjvxBU8-P1h8RFNKu6HMp-aZVkENY2hTLT8H0ykm78</recordid><startdate>20070701</startdate><enddate>20070701</enddate><creator>Awad, Abdelmoneim I</creator><creator>Eltayeb, Idris B</creator><general>Harvey Whitney Books</general><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Whitney</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070701</creationdate><title>Self-Medication Practices with Antibiotics and Antimalarials Among Sudanese Undergraduate University Students</title><author>Awad, Abdelmoneim I ; Eltayeb, Idris B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c375t-4098b5a8687e4eda2e6d00a50b2a4672df0a5600f63863938e0d889008380d233</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Antimalarials - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Self Medication - methods</topic><topic>Students</topic><topic>Sudan - epidemiology</topic><topic>Universities</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Awad, Abdelmoneim I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eltayeb, Idris B</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Annals of pharmacotherapy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Awad, Abdelmoneim I</au><au>Eltayeb, Idris B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Self-Medication Practices with Antibiotics and Antimalarials Among Sudanese Undergraduate University Students</atitle><jtitle>The Annals of pharmacotherapy</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Pharmacother</addtitle><date>2007-07-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1249</spage><epage>1255</epage><pages>1249-1255</pages><issn>1060-0280</issn><eissn>1542-6270</eissn><coden>APHRER</coden><abstract>Background:
In many developing countries, up to 60–80% of health problems are self-medicated.
Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics and/or antimalarials and identify factors promoting such use among university students in Sudan.
Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed, using a pretested questionnaire on a sample of 1300 students selected from 5 universities in Khartoum State, Sudan.
Results:
Eight hundred ninety-one (79.5%; 95% CI 77.0 to 81.8) students from the study population had used antibiotics or antimalarials without a prescription within 1–2 months prior to the study. Four hundred ninety (55%; 95% CI 51.7 to 58.3) of the respondents stated that they had used antibiotics, 39 (4.4%; 95% CI 3.2 to 6.0) had used antimalarials, and 362 (40.6%; 95% CI 37.4 to 43.9) had used both. Overall, self-medication with antibiotics or antimalarials was significantly more common among students 21 years of age or older compared with those 20 years of age or younger (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.09; p = 0.004) and among students attending private universities compared with those attending public universities (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.95; p = 0.028). Self-medication with antibiotics followed a simitar pattern, which was significantly more common among students 21 years of age or older (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.81; p = 0.03) and private university respondents (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.02; p = 0.003). Self-medication with antimalarials was found to be significantly less common among females (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.97; p = 0.028) and higher among the 21 years or older age group (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.42 to 2.40; p < 0.001), The most common reason indicated for self-medication was the respondents’ previous experiences with similar ailments. The main source of drugs was community pharmacies.
Conclusions:
The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics/antimalarials among undergraduate university students in Khartoum State is high. Our findings highlight the need for planning interventions to promote the judicious use of antibiotics/antimicrobials.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>Harvey Whitney Books</pub><pmid>17565044</pmid><doi>10.1345/aph.1K068</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2007-07, Vol.41 (7), p.1249-1255 |
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| subjects | Adult Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage Antimalarials - administration & dosage Biological and medical sciences Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Male Medical sciences Pharmacology. Drug treatments Self Medication - methods Students Sudan - epidemiology Universities |
| title | Self-Medication Practices with Antibiotics and Antimalarials Among Sudanese Undergraduate University Students |
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