Langmuir Monolayers of a Photoisomerizable Macrocycle Surfactant

An amphiphilic photoisomerizable macrocycle has been prepared that forms stable Langmuir monolayers at the air−water interface. The hydrophilic core of the molecule switches between closed and open isomers upon irradiation by the appropriate wavelengths of light. Isotherm measurements, Brewster angle microscope images, and atomic force micrographs (of transferred Langmuir−Blodgett films) suggest a phase transition between a face-on to a tilted edge-on molecular orientation as a function of surface concentration. In the face-on phase, in situ photoisomerization results in a reversible increase in surface pressure due to greater molecular crowding in the open configuration.