A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of β-blockers in dosage forms
A simple, extraction-free spectrophotometric method is proposed for the analysis of some β-blockers, namely atenolol, timolol and nadolol. The method is based on the interaction of the drugs in chloroform with 0.1% chloroformic solutions of acidic sulphophthalein dyes to form stable, yellow-coloured...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 2006-01, Vol.40 (1), p.151-156 |
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| description | A simple, extraction-free spectrophotometric method is proposed for the analysis of some β-blockers, namely atenolol, timolol and nadolol. The method is based on the interaction of the drugs in chloroform with 0.1% chloroformic solutions of acidic sulphophthalein dyes to form stable, yellow-coloured, ion-pair complexes peaking at 415
nm. The dyes used were bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromocresol purple (BCP). Under the optimum conditions, the three drugs could be assayed in the concentration range 1–10
μg
ml
−1 with correlation coefficient (
n
=
5) more than 0.999 in all cases. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1 in all cases and the conditional stability constant (
K
F) of the complexes have been calculated. The free energy changes (Δ
G) were determined for all complexes formed. The interference likely to be introduced from co-formulated drugs was studied and their tolerance limits were determined. The proposed method was then applied to dosage-forms the percentage recoveries ranges from 99.12–100.95, and the results obtained were compared favorably with those given with the official methods. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jpba.2001.12.001 |
| format | Article |
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nm. The dyes used were bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromocresol purple (BCP). Under the optimum conditions, the three drugs could be assayed in the concentration range 1–10
μg
ml
−1 with correlation coefficient (
n
=
5) more than 0.999 in all cases. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1 in all cases and the conditional stability constant (
K
F) of the complexes have been calculated. The free energy changes (Δ
G) were determined for all complexes formed. The interference likely to be introduced from co-formulated drugs was studied and their tolerance limits were determined. The proposed method was then applied to dosage-forms the percentage recoveries ranges from 99.12–100.95, and the results obtained were compared favorably with those given with the official methods.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0731-7085</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-264X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2001.12.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16111848</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JPBADA</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - analysis ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - chemistry ; Analysis ; Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry ; Atenolol ; Atenolol - analysis ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bromcresol Purple - pharmacology ; Bromphenol Blue - pharmacology ; Bromthymol Blue - pharmacology ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical - methods ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical - methods ; Chloroform - chemistry ; Coloring Agents - analysis ; Coloring Agents - pharmacology ; Dosage forms ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General pharmacology ; Ions ; Kinetics ; Medical sciences ; Models, Chemical ; Nadolol ; Nadolol - analysis ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - methods ; Sulphophthalein dyes ; Tablets ; Thermodynamics ; Timolol ; Timolol - analysis ; β-Blockers</subject><ispartof>Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 2006-01, Vol.40 (1), p.151-156</ispartof><rights>2005 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-370cb9db76812f8b570b6425905763dc60fb3a8c93a7ec36e0f4f1c93114f8963</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-370cb9db76812f8b570b6425905763dc60fb3a8c93a7ec36e0f4f1c93114f8963</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0731708505004279$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17508278$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16111848$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Al-Ghannam, S.M.</creatorcontrib><title>A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of β-blockers in dosage forms</title><title>Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis</title><addtitle>J Pharm Biomed Anal</addtitle><description>A simple, extraction-free spectrophotometric method is proposed for the analysis of some β-blockers, namely atenolol, timolol and nadolol. The method is based on the interaction of the drugs in chloroform with 0.1% chloroformic solutions of acidic sulphophthalein dyes to form stable, yellow-coloured, ion-pair complexes peaking at 415
nm. The dyes used were bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromocresol purple (BCP). Under the optimum conditions, the three drugs could be assayed in the concentration range 1–10
μg
ml
−1 with correlation coefficient (
n
=
5) more than 0.999 in all cases. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1 in all cases and the conditional stability constant (
K
F) of the complexes have been calculated. The free energy changes (Δ
G) were determined for all complexes formed. The interference likely to be introduced from co-formulated drugs was studied and their tolerance limits were determined. The proposed method was then applied to dosage-forms the percentage recoveries ranges from 99.12–100.95, and the results obtained were compared favorably with those given with the official methods.</description><subject>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - analysis</subject><subject>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - chemistry</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry</subject><subject>Atenolol</subject><subject>Atenolol - analysis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bromcresol Purple - pharmacology</subject><subject>Bromphenol Blue - pharmacology</subject><subject>Bromthymol Blue - pharmacology</subject><subject>Chemistry Techniques, Analytical - methods</subject><subject>Chemistry, Pharmaceutical - methods</subject><subject>Chloroform - chemistry</subject><subject>Coloring Agents - analysis</subject><subject>Coloring Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Dosage forms</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General pharmacology</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Models, Chemical</subject><subject>Nadolol</subject><subject>Nadolol - analysis</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - methods</subject><subject>Sulphophthalein dyes</subject><subject>Tablets</subject><subject>Thermodynamics</subject><subject>Timolol</subject><subject>Timolol - analysis</subject><subject>β-Blockers</subject><issn>0731-7085</issn><issn>1873-264X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMFq3DAURUVpaSbT_kAXRZt2Z1fPsiUZsgmhTQKBbFqSnZDlp46mtuVInkJ_qx_Sb6rMDGSX1eXBuZfHIeQDsBIYiC_7cj93pqwYgxKqMscrsgEleVGJ-vE12TDJoZBMNWfkPKU9Y6yBtn5LzkAAgKrVhjxc0uTHeUCaZrRLDPMuLGHEJXpLc-xCT12IdNkh7XHBOPrJLD5MNDj672_RDcH-wpion2gfkvmJKz6md-SNM0PC96fckh_fvn6_uinu7q9vry7vCstVvRRcMtu1fSeFgsqprpGsE3XVtKyRgvdWMNdxo2zLjUTLBTJXO8gnQO1UK_iWfD7uzjE8HTAtevTJ4jCYCcMhacmEbNvsZEuqI2hjSCmi03P0o4l_NDC96tR7verUq04Nlc6RSx9P64duxP65cvKXgU8nwCRrBhfNZH165mTDVCVX7uLIYXbx22PUyXqcLPY-Zu26D_6lP_4DAC-UEQ</recordid><startdate>20060123</startdate><enddate>20060123</enddate><creator>Al-Ghannam, S.M.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060123</creationdate><title>A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of β-blockers in dosage forms</title><author>Al-Ghannam, S.M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-370cb9db76812f8b570b6425905763dc60fb3a8c93a7ec36e0f4f1c93114f8963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - analysis</topic><topic>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - chemistry</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry</topic><topic>Atenolol</topic><topic>Atenolol - analysis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bromcresol Purple - pharmacology</topic><topic>Bromphenol Blue - pharmacology</topic><topic>Bromthymol Blue - pharmacology</topic><topic>Chemistry Techniques, Analytical - methods</topic><topic>Chemistry, Pharmaceutical - methods</topic><topic>Chloroform - chemistry</topic><topic>Coloring Agents - analysis</topic><topic>Coloring Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Dosage forms</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General pharmacology</topic><topic>Ions</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Models, Chemical</topic><topic>Nadolol</topic><topic>Nadolol - analysis</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - methods</topic><topic>Sulphophthalein dyes</topic><topic>Tablets</topic><topic>Thermodynamics</topic><topic>Timolol</topic><topic>Timolol - analysis</topic><topic>β-Blockers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Al-Ghannam, S.M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Al-Ghannam, S.M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of β-blockers in dosage forms</atitle><jtitle>Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis</jtitle><addtitle>J Pharm Biomed Anal</addtitle><date>2006-01-23</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>151</spage><epage>156</epage><pages>151-156</pages><issn>0731-7085</issn><eissn>1873-264X</eissn><coden>JPBADA</coden><abstract>A simple, extraction-free spectrophotometric method is proposed for the analysis of some β-blockers, namely atenolol, timolol and nadolol. The method is based on the interaction of the drugs in chloroform with 0.1% chloroformic solutions of acidic sulphophthalein dyes to form stable, yellow-coloured, ion-pair complexes peaking at 415
nm. The dyes used were bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromocresol purple (BCP). Under the optimum conditions, the three drugs could be assayed in the concentration range 1–10
μg
ml
−1 with correlation coefficient (
n
=
5) more than 0.999 in all cases. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1 in all cases and the conditional stability constant (
K
F) of the complexes have been calculated. The free energy changes (Δ
G) were determined for all complexes formed. The interference likely to be introduced from co-formulated drugs was studied and their tolerance limits were determined. The proposed method was then applied to dosage-forms the percentage recoveries ranges from 99.12–100.95, and the results obtained were compared favorably with those given with the official methods.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>16111848</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jpba.2001.12.001</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| subjects | Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - analysis Adrenergic beta-Antagonists - chemistry Analysis Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry Atenolol Atenolol - analysis Biological and medical sciences Bromcresol Purple - pharmacology Bromphenol Blue - pharmacology Bromthymol Blue - pharmacology Chemistry Techniques, Analytical - methods Chemistry, Pharmaceutical - methods Chloroform - chemistry Coloring Agents - analysis Coloring Agents - pharmacology Dosage forms Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General pharmacology Ions Kinetics Medical sciences Models, Chemical Nadolol Nadolol - analysis Pharmacology. Drug treatments Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - methods Sulphophthalein dyes Tablets Thermodynamics Timolol Timolol - analysis β-Blockers |
| title | A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of β-blockers in dosage forms |
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