The hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary axis and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a mini review
A high prevalence of menstrual cycle and fertility disturbances has long been associated with diabetes mellitus. However, rationalization of the intrinsic mechanisms of these alterations is controversial and even contradictory. This review considers (i) the relationship between diabetes mellitus, es...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Human reproduction (Oxford) 2006-02, Vol.21 (2), p.327-337 |
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| description | A high prevalence of menstrual cycle and fertility disturbances has long been associated with diabetes mellitus. However, rationalization of the intrinsic mechanisms of these alterations is controversial and even contradictory. This review considers (i) the relationship between diabetes mellitus, especially type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary (HPO) axis, (ii) the state of our knowledge concerning neuroendocrine control and its relationship with dopaminergic and opioid tonus, and (iii) the influence of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis on ovarian function. Functional disturbances that occur as a consequence of diabetes are also discussed, but some T1DM-related diseases of autoimmune origin, such as oophoritis, are not further analysed. Although there are clear indications of a relationship between menstrual and fertility alterations and glycaemic control, in many instances the improvement of the latter is not sufficient to reverse such alterations. It appears that the oligoamenorrhoea and amenorrhoea associated with T1DM is mainly of hypothalamic origin (i.e. failure of the GnRH pulse generator) and may be reversible. The importance of the evaluation of the HPO axis in T1DM women with menstrual irregularities, even in the presence of adequate metabolic control, is emphasized. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/humrep/dei353 |
| format | Article |
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However, rationalization of the intrinsic mechanisms of these alterations is controversial and even contradictory. This review considers (i) the relationship between diabetes mellitus, especially type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary (HPO) axis, (ii) the state of our knowledge concerning neuroendocrine control and its relationship with dopaminergic and opioid tonus, and (iii) the influence of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis on ovarian function. Functional disturbances that occur as a consequence of diabetes are also discussed, but some T1DM-related diseases of autoimmune origin, such as oophoritis, are not further analysed. Although there are clear indications of a relationship between menstrual and fertility alterations and glycaemic control, in many instances the improvement of the latter is not sufficient to reverse such alterations. It appears that the oligoamenorrhoea and amenorrhoea associated with T1DM is mainly of hypothalamic origin (i.e. failure of the GnRH pulse generator) and may be reversible. The importance of the evaluation of the HPO axis in T1DM women with menstrual irregularities, even in the presence of adequate metabolic control, is emphasized.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0268-1161</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1460-2350</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dei353</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16239312</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HUREEE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Amenorrhea - etiology ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications ; Female ; fertility ; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics ; Humans ; hyperandrogenism ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiology ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology ; Hypothalamus - metabolism ; Hypothalamus - physiology ; Hypothalamus - physiopathology ; Medical sciences ; menarche ; Menstrual Cycle - physiology ; menstrual dysfunction ; Menstruation Disturbances - epidemiology ; Menstruation Disturbances - etiology ; Menstruation Disturbances - physiopathology ; Models, Biological ; Ovary - physiology ; Ovary - physiopathology ; Pituitary Gland - metabolism ; Pituitary Gland - physiology ; Pituitary Gland - physiopathology ; Pituitary-Adrenal System - metabolism ; Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiology ; Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology</subject><ispartof>Human reproduction (Oxford), 2006-02, Vol.21 (2), p.327-337</ispartof><rights>The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. 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For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org 2006</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press(England) Feb 2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-cc1535896ba4b57087748cdc65f776fe2af420133fa0307feadb475ccf425ec3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-cc1535896ba4b57087748cdc65f776fe2af420133fa0307feadb475ccf425ec3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1578,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17461622$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239312$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Arrais, R.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dib, S.A.</creatorcontrib><title>The hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary axis and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a mini review</title><title>Human reproduction (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Hum. Reprod</addtitle><addtitle>Hum. Reprod</addtitle><description>A high prevalence of menstrual cycle and fertility disturbances has long been associated with diabetes mellitus. However, rationalization of the intrinsic mechanisms of these alterations is controversial and even contradictory. This review considers (i) the relationship between diabetes mellitus, especially type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary (HPO) axis, (ii) the state of our knowledge concerning neuroendocrine control and its relationship with dopaminergic and opioid tonus, and (iii) the influence of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis on ovarian function. Functional disturbances that occur as a consequence of diabetes are also discussed, but some T1DM-related diseases of autoimmune origin, such as oophoritis, are not further analysed. Although there are clear indications of a relationship between menstrual and fertility alterations and glycaemic control, in many instances the improvement of the latter is not sufficient to reverse such alterations. It appears that the oligoamenorrhoea and amenorrhoea associated with T1DM is mainly of hypothalamic origin (i.e. failure of the GnRH pulse generator) and may be reversible. The importance of the evaluation of the HPO axis in T1DM women with menstrual irregularities, even in the presence of adequate metabolic control, is emphasized.</description><subject>Amenorrhea - etiology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>fertility</subject><subject>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>hyperandrogenism</subject><subject>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism</subject><subject>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiology</subject><subject>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology</subject><subject>Hypothalamus - metabolism</subject><subject>Hypothalamus - physiology</subject><subject>Hypothalamus - physiopathology</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>menarche</subject><subject>Menstrual Cycle - physiology</subject><subject>menstrual dysfunction</subject><subject>Menstruation Disturbances - epidemiology</subject><subject>Menstruation Disturbances - etiology</subject><subject>Menstruation Disturbances - physiopathology</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Ovary - physiology</subject><subject>Ovary - physiopathology</subject><subject>Pituitary Gland - metabolism</subject><subject>Pituitary Gland - physiology</subject><subject>Pituitary Gland - physiopathology</subject><subject>Pituitary-Adrenal System - metabolism</subject><subject>Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiology</subject><subject>Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology</subject><issn>0268-1161</issn><issn>1460-2350</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0c9rFDEUB_AgFrtWj14lCEovY5O8STLrTRZtCwteVhAvIZN5w6bOL5OZ2r35P_gf-peYZYYWvPT0HuHDy0u-hLzi7D1na7jYT23A4aJCDxKekBXPFcsESPaUrJhQRca54qfkeYw3jKW2UM_IKVcC1sDFinzd7ZHuD0M_7m1j2yn-_f1n8OPkRxsOqe9vU6X2zkdqu4qOhwEpp5W3JY4YaYtNk3T8QC1tfedpwFuPv16Qk9o2EV8u9YzsPn_aba6y7ZfL683HbeYkV2PmHJcgi7UqbV5KzQqt88JVTslaa1WjsHUuGAeoLQOma7RVmWvpXDqW6OCMvJvHDqH_OWEcTeujSyvZDvspGs2UklrIR6FgCgTwI3zzH7zpp9ClNxjB098Jzo4om5ELfYwBazME36Z_MpyZYyhmDsXMoST_ehk6lS1WD3pJIYG3C7DR2aYOtnM-Pjidq2SP7nx2_TQ8eueyo48j3t1jG34YpUFLc_Xtu7mUW8U2OzAA_wAX2bUv</recordid><startdate>20060201</startdate><enddate>20060201</enddate><creator>Arrais, R.F.</creator><creator>Dib, S.A.</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Publishing Limited (England)</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060201</creationdate><title>The hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary axis and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a mini review</title><author>Arrais, R.F. ; Dib, S.A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-cc1535896ba4b57087748cdc65f776fe2af420133fa0307feadb475ccf425ec3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Amenorrhea - etiology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>fertility</topic><topic>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>hyperandrogenism</topic><topic>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism</topic><topic>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiology</topic><topic>Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology</topic><topic>Hypothalamus - metabolism</topic><topic>Hypothalamus - physiology</topic><topic>Hypothalamus - physiopathology</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>menarche</topic><topic>Menstrual Cycle - physiology</topic><topic>menstrual dysfunction</topic><topic>Menstruation Disturbances - epidemiology</topic><topic>Menstruation Disturbances - etiology</topic><topic>Menstruation Disturbances - physiopathology</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Ovary - physiology</topic><topic>Ovary - physiopathology</topic><topic>Pituitary Gland - metabolism</topic><topic>Pituitary Gland - physiology</topic><topic>Pituitary Gland - physiopathology</topic><topic>Pituitary-Adrenal System - metabolism</topic><topic>Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiology</topic><topic>Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Arrais, R.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dib, S.A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Human reproduction (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Arrais, R.F.</au><au>Dib, S.A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary axis and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a mini review</atitle><jtitle>Human reproduction (Oxford)</jtitle><stitle>Hum. 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Functional disturbances that occur as a consequence of diabetes are also discussed, but some T1DM-related diseases of autoimmune origin, such as oophoritis, are not further analysed. Although there are clear indications of a relationship between menstrual and fertility alterations and glycaemic control, in many instances the improvement of the latter is not sufficient to reverse such alterations. It appears that the oligoamenorrhoea and amenorrhoea associated with T1DM is mainly of hypothalamic origin (i.e. failure of the GnRH pulse generator) and may be reversible. The importance of the evaluation of the HPO axis in T1DM women with menstrual irregularities, even in the presence of adequate metabolic control, is emphasized.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>16239312</pmid><doi>10.1093/humrep/dei353</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Amenorrhea - etiology Animals Biological and medical sciences Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications Female fertility Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics Humans hyperandrogenism Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - metabolism Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiology Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - physiopathology Hypothalamus - metabolism Hypothalamus - physiology Hypothalamus - physiopathology Medical sciences menarche Menstrual Cycle - physiology menstrual dysfunction Menstruation Disturbances - epidemiology Menstruation Disturbances - etiology Menstruation Disturbances - physiopathology Models, Biological Ovary - physiology Ovary - physiopathology Pituitary Gland - metabolism Pituitary Gland - physiology Pituitary Gland - physiopathology Pituitary-Adrenal System - metabolism Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiology Pituitary-Adrenal System - physiopathology |
| title | The hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary axis and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a mini review |
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