Determinants of variability of protein content, volume and pH of exhaled breath condensate
Summary Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a simple and noninvasive method to obtain information on the respiratory system. Different mediators can be determined in EBC. However, determinants of variability are not well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability of pH...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Respiratory medicine 2007-06, Vol.101 (6), p.1331-1337 |
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| creator | Bloemen, K Lissens, G Desager, K Schoeters, G |
| description | Summary Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a simple and noninvasive method to obtain information on the respiratory system. Different mediators can be determined in EBC. However, determinants of variability are not well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability of pH, volume and protein concentration of EBC between individuals and between sampling times. Therefore, EBC was collected from 20 healthy volunteers on two different days. Median pH for all samples, measured 5 min after collection without deaeration, was 6.17. Median volume was 1.70 ml and median total protein concentration was 1.02 μg/ml. Coefficients of variation were 5.17%, 21.84% and 37.93%, respectively. No intra- or interday variability could be found, except for the first collection time. Between individuals, significant differences were observed for all three mediators. Age, height and gender can explain part of this variation. In conclusion, no significant difference between sampling times on the same day or on different days was obtained for pH, volume and total protein concentration, provided that subjects are experienced in collecting EBC. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.008 |
| format | Article |
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Different mediators can be determined in EBC. However, determinants of variability are not well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability of pH, volume and protein concentration of EBC between individuals and between sampling times. Therefore, EBC was collected from 20 healthy volunteers on two different days. Median pH for all samples, measured 5 min after collection without deaeration, was 6.17. Median volume was 1.70 ml and median total protein concentration was 1.02 μg/ml. Coefficients of variation were 5.17%, 21.84% and 37.93%, respectively. No intra- or interday variability could be found, except for the first collection time. Between individuals, significant differences were observed for all three mediators. Age, height and gender can explain part of this variation. In conclusion, no significant difference between sampling times on the same day or on different days was obtained for pH, volume and total protein concentration, provided that subjects are experienced in collecting EBC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-6111</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-3064</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.008</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17125983</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aging - physiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Height - physiology ; Body mass index ; Breath Tests - methods ; Exhalation ; Exhaled breath condensate ; Female ; Gender ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Older people ; Pneumology ; Proteins ; Proteins - analysis ; Pulmonary/Respiratory ; Questionnaires ; Reference Values ; Regression analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Specimen Handling - methods ; Studies ; Total protein concentration ; Variability ; Variables ; Volume ; Volunteers</subject><ispartof>Respiratory medicine, 2007-06, Vol.101 (6), p.1331-1337</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2006 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-7531c4d0cdf1a3fe7a8cd0ad03049544050bb2aa355e24c97b5af20661e06e9c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-7531c4d0cdf1a3fe7a8cd0ad03049544050bb2aa355e24c97b5af20661e06e9c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2006.10.008$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18794352$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17125983$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bloemen, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lissens, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desager, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schoeters, G</creatorcontrib><title>Determinants of variability of protein content, volume and pH of exhaled breath condensate</title><title>Respiratory medicine</title><addtitle>Respir Med</addtitle><description>Summary Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a simple and noninvasive method to obtain information on the respiratory system. Different mediators can be determined in EBC. However, determinants of variability are not well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability of pH, volume and protein concentration of EBC between individuals and between sampling times. Therefore, EBC was collected from 20 healthy volunteers on two different days. Median pH for all samples, measured 5 min after collection without deaeration, was 6.17. Median volume was 1.70 ml and median total protein concentration was 1.02 μg/ml. Coefficients of variation were 5.17%, 21.84% and 37.93%, respectively. No intra- or interday variability could be found, except for the first collection time. Between individuals, significant differences were observed for all three mediators. Age, height and gender can explain part of this variation. In conclusion, no significant difference between sampling times on the same day or on different days was obtained for pH, volume and total protein concentration, provided that subjects are experienced in collecting EBC.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aging - physiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Height - physiology</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Breath Tests - methods</subject><subject>Exhalation</subject><subject>Exhaled breath condensate</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Pneumology</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>Pulmonary/Respiratory</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Specimen Handling - methods</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Total protein concentration</subject><subject>Variability</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Volume</subject><subject>Volunteers</subject><issn>0954-6111</issn><issn>1532-3064</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kk2LFDEQhhtR3HH1D3iQBnFP9lj57GkQQdaPFRY8qBcvIZ1Usxm707NJetj59ybM4MIePIVUnrfqzUtV1UsCawJEvtuuw4R2TQFkLqwBNo-qFRGMNgwkf1ytoBO8kYSQs-pZjFsA6DiHp9UZaQkV3Yatqt-fMGGYnNc-xXoe6r0OTvdudOlQrrswJ3S-NrNP6NPbej-Py4S19rbeXRUC7270iLbuA-p0U0CLPuqEz6sngx4jvjid59WvL59_Xl4119-_frv8eN0YQUhqWsGI4RaMHYhmA7Z6YyxoCwx49s9BQN9TrZkQSLnp2l7ogYKUBEFiZ9h5dXHsm73eLhiTmlw0OI7a47xE1QJvJWWQwdcPwO28BJ-9KQJMAJcbTjNFj5QJc4wBB7ULbtLhkCFVcldbVXJXJfdSy7ln0atT66Uvb_8kp6Az8OYE6Gj0OATtjYv33KbtOBNl-vsjhzmxvcOgonHoDVoX0CRlZ_d_Hx8eyM3ovMsT_-AB4_1_VaQK1I-yIWVBQELOWRD2Fz0ctPE</recordid><startdate>20070601</startdate><enddate>20070601</enddate><creator>Bloemen, K</creator><creator>Lissens, G</creator><creator>Desager, K</creator><creator>Schoeters, G</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070601</creationdate><title>Determinants of variability of protein content, volume and pH of exhaled breath condensate</title><author>Bloemen, K ; Lissens, G ; Desager, K ; Schoeters, G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-7531c4d0cdf1a3fe7a8cd0ad03049544050bb2aa355e24c97b5af20661e06e9c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aging - physiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Body Height - physiology</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Breath Tests - methods</topic><topic>Exhalation</topic><topic>Exhaled breath condensate</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Pneumology</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>Pulmonary/Respiratory</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Specimen Handling - methods</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Total protein concentration</topic><topic>Variability</topic><topic>Variables</topic><topic>Volume</topic><topic>Volunteers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bloemen, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lissens, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desager, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schoeters, G</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Respiratory medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bloemen, K</au><au>Lissens, G</au><au>Desager, K</au><au>Schoeters, G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Determinants of variability of protein content, volume and pH of exhaled breath condensate</atitle><jtitle>Respiratory medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Respir Med</addtitle><date>2007-06-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>101</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1331</spage><epage>1337</epage><pages>1331-1337</pages><issn>0954-6111</issn><eissn>1532-3064</eissn><abstract>Summary Collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a simple and noninvasive method to obtain information on the respiratory system. Different mediators can be determined in EBC. However, determinants of variability are not well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate variability of pH, volume and protein concentration of EBC between individuals and between sampling times. Therefore, EBC was collected from 20 healthy volunteers on two different days. Median pH for all samples, measured 5 min after collection without deaeration, was 6.17. Median volume was 1.70 ml and median total protein concentration was 1.02 μg/ml. Coefficients of variation were 5.17%, 21.84% and 37.93%, respectively. No intra- or interday variability could be found, except for the first collection time. Between individuals, significant differences were observed for all three mediators. Age, height and gender can explain part of this variation. 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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aging - physiology Biological and medical sciences Body Height - physiology Body mass index Breath Tests - methods Exhalation Exhaled breath condensate Female Gender Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Older people Pneumology Proteins Proteins - analysis Pulmonary/Respiratory Questionnaires Reference Values Regression analysis Reproducibility of Results Specimen Handling - methods Studies Total protein concentration Variability Variables Volume Volunteers |
| title | Determinants of variability of protein content, volume and pH of exhaled breath condensate |
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