Formation of Pt−Ru Nanoparticles in Ethylene Glycol Solution: An in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study
The chemical state and formation mechanism of Pt−Ru nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by using ethylene glycol (EG) as a reducing agent and their stability have been examined by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Pt LIII and Ru K edges. It appears that the reduction of Pt(IV) and Ru(II...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Langmuir 2007-05, Vol.23 (10), p.5802-5809 |
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| creator | Sarma, Loka Subramanyam Chen, Ching-Hsiang Kumar, Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil Wang, Guo-Rung Yen, Shih-Chieh Liu, Din-Goa Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn Yu, Kuan-Li Tang, Mau-Tsu Lee, Jyh-Fu Bock, Christina Chen, Kuei-Hsien Hwang, Bing-Joe |
| description | The chemical state and formation mechanism of Pt−Ru nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by using ethylene glycol (EG) as a reducing agent and their stability have been examined by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Pt LIII and Ru K edges. It appears that the reduction of Pt(IV) and Ru(III) precursor salts by EG is not a straightforward reaction but involves different intermediate steps. The pH control of the reaction mixture containing Pt(IV) and Ru(III) precursor salts in EG to 11 led to the reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) corresponding to [PtCl4]2- whereas RuIIICl3 is changed to the [Ru(OH)6]3- species. Refluxing the mixture containing [PtCl4]2- and [Ru(OH)6]3- species at 160 °C for 0.5 h produces Pt−Ru NPs as indicated by the presence of Pt and Ru in the first coordination shell of the respective metals. No change in XAS structural parameters is found when the reaction time is further increased, indicating that the Pt−Ru NPs formed are extremely stable and less prone to aggregation. XAS structural parameters suggest a Pt-rich core and a Ru-rich shell structure for the final Pt−Ru NPs. Due to the inherent advantages of the EG reduction method, the atomic distribution and alloying extent of Pt and Ru in the Pt−Ru NPs synthesized by the EG method are higher than those of the Pt−Ru/C NPs synthesized by a modified Watanabe method. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/la0637418 |
| format | Article |
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It appears that the reduction of Pt(IV) and Ru(III) precursor salts by EG is not a straightforward reaction but involves different intermediate steps. The pH control of the reaction mixture containing Pt(IV) and Ru(III) precursor salts in EG to 11 led to the reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) corresponding to [PtCl4]2- whereas RuIIICl3 is changed to the [Ru(OH)6]3- species. Refluxing the mixture containing [PtCl4]2- and [Ru(OH)6]3- species at 160 °C for 0.5 h produces Pt−Ru NPs as indicated by the presence of Pt and Ru in the first coordination shell of the respective metals. No change in XAS structural parameters is found when the reaction time is further increased, indicating that the Pt−Ru NPs formed are extremely stable and less prone to aggregation. XAS structural parameters suggest a Pt-rich core and a Ru-rich shell structure for the final Pt−Ru NPs. Due to the inherent advantages of the EG reduction method, the atomic distribution and alloying extent of Pt and Ru in the Pt−Ru NPs synthesized by the EG method are higher than those of the Pt−Ru/C NPs synthesized by a modified Watanabe method.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0743-7463</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5827</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/la0637418</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17425346</identifier><identifier>CODEN: LANGD5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Chemistry ; Colloidal state and disperse state ; Exact sciences and technology ; General and physical chemistry ; Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena</subject><ispartof>Langmuir, 2007-05, Vol.23 (10), p.5802-5809</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a547t-b8f41f0a2db861f3e06ccca2611a5cefcdedbaea37869536e43e64479c21ecd23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a547t-b8f41f0a2db861f3e06ccca2611a5cefcdedbaea37869536e43e64479c21ecd23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/la0637418$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la0637418$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,2752,27057,27905,27906,56719,56769</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18737901$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17425346$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sarma, Loka Subramanyam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Ching-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Guo-Rung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yen, Shih-Chieh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Din-Goa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Kuan-Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Mau-Tsu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jyh-Fu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bock, Christina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Kuei-Hsien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Bing-Joe</creatorcontrib><title>Formation of Pt−Ru Nanoparticles in Ethylene Glycol Solution: An in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study</title><title>Langmuir</title><addtitle>Langmuir</addtitle><description>The chemical state and formation mechanism of Pt−Ru nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by using ethylene glycol (EG) as a reducing agent and their stability have been examined by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Pt LIII and Ru K edges. It appears that the reduction of Pt(IV) and Ru(III) precursor salts by EG is not a straightforward reaction but involves different intermediate steps. The pH control of the reaction mixture containing Pt(IV) and Ru(III) precursor salts in EG to 11 led to the reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) corresponding to [PtCl4]2- whereas RuIIICl3 is changed to the [Ru(OH)6]3- species. Refluxing the mixture containing [PtCl4]2- and [Ru(OH)6]3- species at 160 °C for 0.5 h produces Pt−Ru NPs as indicated by the presence of Pt and Ru in the first coordination shell of the respective metals. No change in XAS structural parameters is found when the reaction time is further increased, indicating that the Pt−Ru NPs formed are extremely stable and less prone to aggregation. XAS structural parameters suggest a Pt-rich core and a Ru-rich shell structure for the final Pt−Ru NPs. Due to the inherent advantages of the EG reduction method, the atomic distribution and alloying extent of Pt and Ru in the Pt−Ru NPs synthesized by the EG method are higher than those of the Pt−Ru/C NPs synthesized by a modified Watanabe method.</description><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Colloidal state and disperse state</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>General and physical chemistry</subject><subject>Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena</subject><issn>0743-7463</issn><issn>1520-5827</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpt0M9u1DAQBnALUdFt4cALIF9A4pDWjv8l3FZVuyBVbdUUVPViTRxHpHjjYDsSeYOeeUSehCy76l44zWF-82n0IfSWkhNKcnrqgEimOC1eoAUVOclEkauXaEEUZ5nikh2ioxgfCSEl4-UrdEgVzwXjcoH6Cx_WkDrfY9_im_Tn6fftiK-g9wOE1BlnI-56fJ6-T872Fq_cZLzDlXfj5ugTXvabfdWlEd9nASa8rKMPw7_EarAmBR-NHyZcpbGZXqODFly0b3bzGH29OL87-5xdXq--nC0vMxBcpawuWk5bAnlTF5K2zBJpjIFcUgrC2NY0tqnBAlOFLAWTljMrOVelyak1Tc6O0Ydt7hD8z9HGpNddNNY56K0fo1ZkbkUQMsOPW2jmP2OwrR5Ct4YwaUr0plz9XO5s3-1Cx3ptm73ctTmD9zsA0YBrA_Smi3tXKKZKQmeXbV0Xk_31vIfwQ8uZCH13U2l6-3B1v_om9MM-F0zUj34M_dzdfx78C0DnnqA</recordid><startdate>20070508</startdate><enddate>20070508</enddate><creator>Sarma, Loka Subramanyam</creator><creator>Chen, Ching-Hsiang</creator><creator>Kumar, Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil</creator><creator>Wang, Guo-Rung</creator><creator>Yen, Shih-Chieh</creator><creator>Liu, Din-Goa</creator><creator>Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn</creator><creator>Yu, Kuan-Li</creator><creator>Tang, Mau-Tsu</creator><creator>Lee, Jyh-Fu</creator><creator>Bock, Christina</creator><creator>Chen, Kuei-Hsien</creator><creator>Hwang, Bing-Joe</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070508</creationdate><title>Formation of Pt−Ru Nanoparticles in Ethylene Glycol Solution: An in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study</title><author>Sarma, Loka Subramanyam ; Chen, Ching-Hsiang ; Kumar, Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil ; Wang, Guo-Rung ; Yen, Shih-Chieh ; Liu, Din-Goa ; Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn ; Yu, Kuan-Li ; Tang, Mau-Tsu ; Lee, Jyh-Fu ; Bock, Christina ; Chen, Kuei-Hsien ; Hwang, Bing-Joe</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a547t-b8f41f0a2db861f3e06ccca2611a5cefcdedbaea37869536e43e64479c21ecd23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Colloidal state and disperse state</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>General and physical chemistry</topic><topic>Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sarma, Loka Subramanyam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Ching-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kumar, Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Guo-Rung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yen, Shih-Chieh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Din-Goa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Kuan-Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Mau-Tsu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jyh-Fu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bock, Christina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Kuei-Hsien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Bing-Joe</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Langmuir</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sarma, Loka Subramanyam</au><au>Chen, Ching-Hsiang</au><au>Kumar, Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil</au><au>Wang, Guo-Rung</au><au>Yen, Shih-Chieh</au><au>Liu, Din-Goa</au><au>Sheu, Hwo-Shuenn</au><au>Yu, Kuan-Li</au><au>Tang, Mau-Tsu</au><au>Lee, Jyh-Fu</au><au>Bock, Christina</au><au>Chen, Kuei-Hsien</au><au>Hwang, Bing-Joe</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Formation of Pt−Ru Nanoparticles in Ethylene Glycol Solution: An in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study</atitle><jtitle>Langmuir</jtitle><addtitle>Langmuir</addtitle><date>2007-05-08</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>5802</spage><epage>5809</epage><pages>5802-5809</pages><issn>0743-7463</issn><eissn>1520-5827</eissn><coden>LANGD5</coden><abstract>The chemical state and formation mechanism of Pt−Ru nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by using ethylene glycol (EG) as a reducing agent and their stability have been examined by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Pt LIII and Ru K edges. It appears that the reduction of Pt(IV) and Ru(III) precursor salts by EG is not a straightforward reaction but involves different intermediate steps. The pH control of the reaction mixture containing Pt(IV) and Ru(III) precursor salts in EG to 11 led to the reduction of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) corresponding to [PtCl4]2- whereas RuIIICl3 is changed to the [Ru(OH)6]3- species. Refluxing the mixture containing [PtCl4]2- and [Ru(OH)6]3- species at 160 °C for 0.5 h produces Pt−Ru NPs as indicated by the presence of Pt and Ru in the first coordination shell of the respective metals. No change in XAS structural parameters is found when the reaction time is further increased, indicating that the Pt−Ru NPs formed are extremely stable and less prone to aggregation. XAS structural parameters suggest a Pt-rich core and a Ru-rich shell structure for the final Pt−Ru NPs. Due to the inherent advantages of the EG reduction method, the atomic distribution and alloying extent of Pt and Ru in the Pt−Ru NPs synthesized by the EG method are higher than those of the Pt−Ru/C NPs synthesized by a modified Watanabe method.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>17425346</pmid><doi>10.1021/la0637418</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Chemistry Colloidal state and disperse state Exact sciences and technology General and physical chemistry Physical and chemical studies. Granulometry. Electrokinetic phenomena |
| title | Formation of Pt−Ru Nanoparticles in Ethylene Glycol Solution: An in Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study |
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