Freezing temperatures in the vaccine cold chain: A systematic literature review
Abstract The dangers of accidental freezing of vaccines in the cold chain have prompted studies throughout the globe to better characterize the risk. To date, there has been no systematic review of these studies. This analysis highlights that accidental freezing is pervasive and occurs across all se...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Vaccine 2007-05, Vol.25 (20), p.3980-3986 |
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| container_title | Vaccine |
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| creator | Matthias, Dipika M Robertson, Joanie Garrison, Michelle M Newland, Sophie Nelson, Carib |
| description | Abstract The dangers of accidental freezing of vaccines in the cold chain have prompted studies throughout the globe to better characterize the risk. To date, there has been no systematic review of these studies. This analysis highlights that accidental freezing is pervasive and occurs across all segments of the cold chain. Between 14% and 35% of refrigerators or transport shipments were found to have exposed vaccine to freezing temperatures, while in studies that examined all segments of distribution, between 75% and 100% of the vaccine shipments were exposed. More rigorous study designs were associated with higher levels of freeze exposure. As more expensive, freeze-sensitive vaccines are introduced into immunization schedules, freeze prevention will become increasingly critical for ensuring that the world's children are receiving fully potent vaccine. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.052 |
| format | Article |
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To date, there has been no systematic review of these studies. This analysis highlights that accidental freezing is pervasive and occurs across all segments of the cold chain. Between 14% and 35% of refrigerators or transport shipments were found to have exposed vaccine to freezing temperatures, while in studies that examined all segments of distribution, between 75% and 100% of the vaccine shipments were exposed. More rigorous study designs were associated with higher levels of freeze exposure. As more expensive, freeze-sensitive vaccines are introduced into immunization schedules, freeze prevention will become increasingly critical for ensuring that the world's children are receiving fully potent vaccine.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0264-410X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2518</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.052</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17382434</identifier><identifier>CODEN: VACCDE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Accidental freezing ; Allergy and Immunology ; Applied microbiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cold ; Cold chain ; Drug Storage - methods ; Drug Storage - statistics & numerical data ; Freeze-sensitive vaccines ; Freezing ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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To date, there has been no systematic review of these studies. This analysis highlights that accidental freezing is pervasive and occurs across all segments of the cold chain. Between 14% and 35% of refrigerators or transport shipments were found to have exposed vaccine to freezing temperatures, while in studies that examined all segments of distribution, between 75% and 100% of the vaccine shipments were exposed. More rigorous study designs were associated with higher levels of freeze exposure. As more expensive, freeze-sensitive vaccines are introduced into immunization schedules, freeze prevention will become increasingly critical for ensuring that the world's children are receiving fully potent vaccine.</description><subject>Accidental freezing</subject><subject>Allergy and Immunology</subject><subject>Applied microbiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cold</subject><subject>Cold chain</subject><subject>Drug Storage - methods</subject><subject>Drug Storage - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Freeze-sensitive vaccines</subject><subject>Freezing</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Literature reviews</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Refrigeration - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Supermarkets</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Vaccines - chemistry</subject><subject>Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects)</subject><issn>0264-410X</issn><issn>1873-2518</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk9v1DAQxS0EosvCRwBZQnBLGP-LbQ5FVUUBqVIP9MDNMs4s9ZJNFjspWj49jjbSSr305Mtv3vi9N4S8ZlAzYM2HbX3vQ4g91hxA18BrUPwJWTGjRcUVM0_JCngjK8ngxxl5kfMWAJRg9jk5Y1oYLoVckZurhPgv9r_oiLs9Jj9OCTONPR3vkC4raBi6loY7H_uP9ILmQy6wH2OgXRyXGZrwPuLfl-TZxncZXy3vmtxefb69_Fpd33z5dnlxXYWGw1gJu2k551pbqT3yBhoPrZXFgmhwIy0HiYDcGGWsQaO05MGi1VYHFawRa_L-KLtPw58J8-h2MQfsOt_jMGWnQUqpQTwKchDAtWIFfPsA3A5T6osHx5SyYCTTTaHUkQppyDnhxu1T3Pl0cAzc3IvbuiU0N_figLvZ1Jq8WdSnnztsT1NLEQV4twA-B99tku9DzCeutGpLXIX7dOSwhFsCTy6HiH3ANiYMo2uH-OhXzh8ohC72sSz9jQfMJ9culwH3fT6i-YZAA3BurPgPg1bAhA</recordid><startdate>20070516</startdate><enddate>20070516</enddate><creator>Matthias, Dipika M</creator><creator>Robertson, Joanie</creator><creator>Garrison, Michelle M</creator><creator>Newland, Sophie</creator><creator>Nelson, Carib</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070516</creationdate><title>Freezing temperatures in the vaccine cold chain: A systematic literature review</title><author>Matthias, Dipika M ; Robertson, Joanie ; Garrison, Michelle M ; Newland, Sophie ; Nelson, Carib</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c620t-39fd22277947ae2606a0d9405236ef49204e0e2885898e85742c9e9797c5c983</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Accidental freezing</topic><topic>Allergy and Immunology</topic><topic>Applied microbiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cold</topic><topic>Cold chain</topic><topic>Drug Storage - methods</topic><topic>Drug Storage - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Freeze-sensitive vaccines</topic><topic>Freezing</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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| identifier | ISSN: 0264-410X |
| ispartof | Vaccine, 2007-05, Vol.25 (20), p.3980-3986 |
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| subjects | Accidental freezing Allergy and Immunology Applied microbiology Biological and medical sciences Cold Cold chain Drug Storage - methods Drug Storage - statistics & numerical data Freeze-sensitive vaccines Freezing Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Immunization Literature reviews Microbiology Refrigeration - statistics & numerical data Studies Supermarkets Temperature Vaccines Vaccines - chemistry Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects) |
| title | Freezing temperatures in the vaccine cold chain: A systematic literature review |
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