Direct quantitative trait locus mapping of mammalian metabolic phenotypes in diabetic and normoglycemic rat models
Characterizing the relationships between genomic and phenotypic variation is essential to understanding disease etiology. Information-dense data sets derived from pathophysiological 1 , proteomic 2 , 3 and transcriptomic 4 profiling have been applied to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Metabolic...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature genetics 2007-05, Vol.39 (5), p.666-672 |
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| creator | Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel Wilder, Steven P Bihoreau, Marie-Thérèse Barton, Richard H Fearnside, Jane F Argoud, Karène D'Amato, Lisa Wallis, Robert H Blancher, Christine Keun, Hector C Baunsgaard, Dorrit Scott, James Sidelmann, Ulla Grove Nicholson, Jeremy K Gauguier, Dominique |
| description | Characterizing the relationships between genomic and phenotypic variation is essential to understanding disease etiology. Information-dense data sets derived from pathophysiological
1
, proteomic
2
,
3
and transcriptomic
4
profiling have been applied to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Metabolic traits, already used in QTL studies in plants
5
, are essential phenotypes in mammalian genetics to define disease biomarkers. Using a complex mammalian system, here we show chromosomal mapping of untargeted plasma metabolic fingerprints derived from NMR spectroscopic analysis
6
in a cross between diabetic and control rats. We propose candidate metabolites for the most significant QTLs. Metabolite profiling in congenic strains provided evidence of QTL replication. Linkage to a gut microbial metabolite (benzoate) can be explained by deletion of a uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase. Mapping metabotypic QTLs provides a practical approach to understanding genome-phenotype relationships in mammals and may uncover deeper biological complexity, as extended genome
7
(microbiome) perturbations that affect disease processes through transgenomic effects
8
may influence QTL detection. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/ng2026 |
| format | Article |
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1
, proteomic
2
,
3
and transcriptomic
4
profiling have been applied to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Metabolic traits, already used in QTL studies in plants
5
, are essential phenotypes in mammalian genetics to define disease biomarkers. Using a complex mammalian system, here we show chromosomal mapping of untargeted plasma metabolic fingerprints derived from NMR spectroscopic analysis
6
in a cross between diabetic and control rats. We propose candidate metabolites for the most significant QTLs. Metabolite profiling in congenic strains provided evidence of QTL replication. Linkage to a gut microbial metabolite (benzoate) can be explained by deletion of a uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase. Mapping metabotypic QTLs provides a practical approach to understanding genome-phenotype relationships in mammals and may uncover deeper biological complexity, as extended genome
7
(microbiome) perturbations that affect disease processes through transgenomic effects
8
may influence QTL detection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1061-4036</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1546-1718</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/ng2026</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17435758</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NGENEC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Nature Publishing Group US</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Animal Genetics and Genomics ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Benzoates - chemistry ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers - analysis ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Cancer Research ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus - genetics ; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance ; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) ; Endocrinopathies ; Etiology ; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene Function ; Gene mapping ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic markers ; Genetic variation ; Genetics ; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution ; Genome - genetics ; Genomics ; Genotype & phenotype ; Glucuronosyltransferase - genetics ; Human Genetics ; letter ; Lod Score ; Mammals ; Medical sciences ; Metabolism - genetics ; Metabolites ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Phenotype ; Phenotypic variations ; Physiological aspects ; Proteomics ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Rats ; Rodents ; Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><ispartof>Nature genetics, 2007-05, Vol.39 (5), p.666-672</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature America, Inc. 2007</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2007 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group May 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c598t-2a24ed2be528c4d0b9ba717580e9655cd6ac4669f3af47006893fe2b338429e83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c598t-2a24ed2be528c4d0b9ba717580e9655cd6ac4669f3af47006893fe2b338429e83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/ng2026$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/ng2026$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18733458$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17435758$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilder, Steven P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bihoreau, Marie-Thérèse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barton, Richard H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fearnside, Jane F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Argoud, Karène</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>D'Amato, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wallis, Robert H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blancher, Christine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keun, Hector C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baunsgaard, Dorrit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scott, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sidelmann, Ulla Grove</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nicholson, Jeremy K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gauguier, Dominique</creatorcontrib><title>Direct quantitative trait locus mapping of mammalian metabolic phenotypes in diabetic and normoglycemic rat models</title><title>Nature genetics</title><addtitle>Nat Genet</addtitle><addtitle>Nat Genet</addtitle><description>Characterizing the relationships between genomic and phenotypic variation is essential to understanding disease etiology. Information-dense data sets derived from pathophysiological
1
, proteomic
2
,
3
and transcriptomic
4
profiling have been applied to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Metabolic traits, already used in QTL studies in plants
5
, are essential phenotypes in mammalian genetics to define disease biomarkers. Using a complex mammalian system, here we show chromosomal mapping of untargeted plasma metabolic fingerprints derived from NMR spectroscopic analysis
6
in a cross between diabetic and control rats. We propose candidate metabolites for the most significant QTLs. Metabolite profiling in congenic strains provided evidence of QTL replication. Linkage to a gut microbial metabolite (benzoate) can be explained by deletion of a uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase. Mapping metabotypic QTLs provides a practical approach to understanding genome-phenotype relationships in mammals and may uncover deeper biological complexity, as extended genome
7
(microbiome) perturbations that affect disease processes through transgenomic effects
8
may influence QTL detection.</description><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Animal Genetics and Genomics</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Benzoates - chemistry</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers - analysis</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Cancer Research</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus - genetics</subject><subject>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</subject><subject>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Etiology</subject><subject>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene Function</subject><subject>Gene mapping</subject><subject>Genetic Linkage</subject><subject>Genetic markers</subject><subject>Genetic variation</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</subject><subject>Genome - genetics</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Genotype & phenotype</subject><subject>Glucuronosyltransferase - genetics</subject><subject>Human Genetics</subject><subject>letter</subject><subject>Lod Score</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism - genetics</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Molecular Structure</subject><subject>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Phenotypic variations</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Proteomics</subject><subject>Quantitative Trait Loci</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Sequence Analysis, DNA</subject><issn>1061-4036</issn><issn>1546-1718</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0luL1DAUAOAiintRf4IERcWHWXNrmj4uu14WFha8vZbT9LRmaZNukorz7804A8MsgpKHhJMvl3M4RfGM0TNGhX7nBk65elAcs1KqFauYfpjXVLGVpEIdFScx3lLKpKT6cXHEKinKqtTHRbi0AU0idwu4ZBMk-xNJCmATGb1ZIplgnq0biO_zcppgtODIhAlaP1pD5h_ofFrPGIl1pLPQYsphcB1xPkx-GNcGpxwJkMjkOxzjk-JRD2PEp7v5tPj24f3Xi0-r65uPVxfn1ytT1jqtOHCJHW-x5NrIjrZ1CxXLn6ZYq7I0nQIjlap7Ab2sKFW6Fj3yVggteY1anBavt_fOwd8tGFMz2WhwHMGhX2JTUSmYpOqfkNUVlyWTGb64B2_9ElxOouGcKyEE3aCXWzTAiI11vc_lNJsbm3OmhaiFojSrs7-oPLpNtbzD3ub4wYG3BweySfgrDbDE2Fx9-fz_9ub7od0lb4KPMWDfzMFOENYNo82mtZpta2X4fJf80k7Y7dmulzJ4tQMQDYx9AGds3DtdCSH_uDdbF_OWGzDsq3jvyd8Cjd-w</recordid><startdate>20070501</startdate><enddate>20070501</enddate><creator>Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel</creator><creator>Wilder, Steven P</creator><creator>Bihoreau, Marie-Thérèse</creator><creator>Barton, Richard H</creator><creator>Fearnside, Jane F</creator><creator>Argoud, Karène</creator><creator>D'Amato, Lisa</creator><creator>Wallis, Robert H</creator><creator>Blancher, Christine</creator><creator>Keun, Hector C</creator><creator>Baunsgaard, Dorrit</creator><creator>Scott, James</creator><creator>Sidelmann, Ulla Grove</creator><creator>Nicholson, Jeremy K</creator><creator>Gauguier, Dominique</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group US</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070501</creationdate><title>Direct quantitative trait locus mapping of mammalian metabolic phenotypes in diabetic and normoglycemic rat models</title><author>Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel ; Wilder, Steven P ; Bihoreau, Marie-Thérèse ; Barton, Richard H ; Fearnside, Jane F ; Argoud, Karène ; D'Amato, Lisa ; Wallis, Robert H ; Blancher, Christine ; Keun, Hector C ; Baunsgaard, Dorrit ; Scott, James ; Sidelmann, Ulla Grove ; Nicholson, Jeremy K ; Gauguier, Dominique</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c598t-2a24ed2be528c4d0b9ba717580e9655cd6ac4669f3af47006893fe2b338429e83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Animal Genetics and Genomics</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Benzoates - chemistry</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers - analysis</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Cancer Research</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus - genetics</topic><topic>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</topic><topic>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</topic><topic>Endocrinopathies</topic><topic>Etiology</topic><topic>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene Function</topic><topic>Gene mapping</topic><topic>Genetic Linkage</topic><topic>Genetic markers</topic><topic>Genetic variation</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution</topic><topic>Genome - genetics</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Genotype & phenotype</topic><topic>Glucuronosyltransferase - genetics</topic><topic>Human Genetics</topic><topic>letter</topic><topic>Lod Score</topic><topic>Mammals</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metabolism - genetics</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Molecular Structure</topic><topic>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular</topic><topic>Phenotype</topic><topic>Phenotypic variations</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Proteomics</topic><topic>Quantitative Trait Loci</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Sequence Analysis, DNA</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilder, Steven P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bihoreau, Marie-Thérèse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barton, Richard H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fearnside, Jane F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Argoud, Karène</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>D'Amato, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wallis, Robert H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blancher, Christine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keun, Hector C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baunsgaard, Dorrit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scott, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sidelmann, Ulla Grove</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nicholson, Jeremy K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gauguier, Dominique</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Nature genetics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel</au><au>Wilder, Steven P</au><au>Bihoreau, Marie-Thérèse</au><au>Barton, Richard H</au><au>Fearnside, Jane F</au><au>Argoud, Karène</au><au>D'Amato, Lisa</au><au>Wallis, Robert H</au><au>Blancher, Christine</au><au>Keun, Hector C</au><au>Baunsgaard, Dorrit</au><au>Scott, James</au><au>Sidelmann, Ulla Grove</au><au>Nicholson, Jeremy K</au><au>Gauguier, Dominique</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Direct quantitative trait locus mapping of mammalian metabolic phenotypes in diabetic and normoglycemic rat models</atitle><jtitle>Nature genetics</jtitle><stitle>Nat Genet</stitle><addtitle>Nat Genet</addtitle><date>2007-05-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>666</spage><epage>672</epage><pages>666-672</pages><issn>1061-4036</issn><eissn>1546-1718</eissn><coden>NGENEC</coden><abstract>Characterizing the relationships between genomic and phenotypic variation is essential to understanding disease etiology. Information-dense data sets derived from pathophysiological
1
, proteomic
2
,
3
and transcriptomic
4
profiling have been applied to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Metabolic traits, already used in QTL studies in plants
5
, are essential phenotypes in mammalian genetics to define disease biomarkers. Using a complex mammalian system, here we show chromosomal mapping of untargeted plasma metabolic fingerprints derived from NMR spectroscopic analysis
6
in a cross between diabetic and control rats. We propose candidate metabolites for the most significant QTLs. Metabolite profiling in congenic strains provided evidence of QTL replication. Linkage to a gut microbial metabolite (benzoate) can be explained by deletion of a uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase. Mapping metabotypic QTLs provides a practical approach to understanding genome-phenotype relationships in mammals and may uncover deeper biological complexity, as extended genome
7
(microbiome) perturbations that affect disease processes through transgenomic effects
8
may influence QTL detection.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group US</pub><pmid>17435758</pmid><doi>10.1038/ng2026</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Nature genetics, 2007-05, Vol.39 (5), p.666-672 |
| issn | 1061-4036 1546-1718 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals; Nature Journals Online |
| subjects | Agriculture Animal Genetics and Genomics Animals Base Sequence Benzoates - chemistry Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - analysis Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cancer Research Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus - genetics Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Etiology Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene Function Gene mapping Genetic Linkage Genetic markers Genetic variation Genetics Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution Genome - genetics Genomics Genotype & phenotype Glucuronosyltransferase - genetics Human Genetics letter Lod Score Mammals Medical sciences Metabolism - genetics Metabolites Molecular Sequence Data Molecular Structure Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular Phenotype Phenotypic variations Physiological aspects Proteomics Quantitative Trait Loci Rats Rodents Sequence Analysis, DNA |
| title | Direct quantitative trait locus mapping of mammalian metabolic phenotypes in diabetic and normoglycemic rat models |
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