Risk factors for physical symptoms after a disaster: a longitudinal study
Although symptoms such as fatigue, headache and pain in bones and muscles are common after disasters, risk factors for these symptoms among disaster survivors have rarely been studied. We examined predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors for these physical symptoms among survivors of a m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychological medicine 2008-04, Vol.38 (4), p.499-510 |
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| creator | van den Berg, B. Grievink, L. van der Velden, P. G. Yzermans, C. J. Stellato, R. K. Lebret, E. Brunekreef, B. |
| description | Although symptoms such as fatigue, headache and pain in bones and muscles are common after disasters, risk factors for these symptoms among disaster survivors have rarely been studied. We examined predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors for these physical symptoms among survivors of a man-made disaster. In addition, we examined whether risk factors for physical symptoms differ between survivors and controls.
Survivors completed a questionnaire 3 weeks (n=1567), 18 months and 4 years after the disaster. Symptoms and risk factors were measured using validated questionnaires. A comparison group was included at waves 2 and 3 (n=821). Random coefficient analysis (RCA) was used to study risk factors for symptoms.
Female gender [beta (beta)=1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-1.4], immigrant status (beta=1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.4) and pre-disaster psychological problems (beta=0.8, 95% CI 0.1-1.4) were predisposing factors for symptoms. Although disaster-related factors were predictors, the relationship between symptoms and disaster-related factors was not very strong and the magnitude of this association was reduced when perpetuating factors were added. Intrusions and avoidance, depression, anxiety and sleeping problems were important perpetuating factors for physical symptoms among survivors and mediated the association between traumatic stress and physical symptoms. Risk factors for symptoms were comparable between survivors and controls.
The results indicate that health-care workers should be alert for physical symptoms among female survivors, immigrant survivors and individuals with a high level of psychological problems both before and after a disaster. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S003329170700133X |
| format | Article |
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Survivors completed a questionnaire 3 weeks (n=1567), 18 months and 4 years after the disaster. Symptoms and risk factors were measured using validated questionnaires. A comparison group was included at waves 2 and 3 (n=821). Random coefficient analysis (RCA) was used to study risk factors for symptoms.
Female gender [beta (beta)=1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-1.4], immigrant status (beta=1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.4) and pre-disaster psychological problems (beta=0.8, 95% CI 0.1-1.4) were predisposing factors for symptoms. Although disaster-related factors were predictors, the relationship between symptoms and disaster-related factors was not very strong and the magnitude of this association was reduced when perpetuating factors were added. Intrusions and avoidance, depression, anxiety and sleeping problems were important perpetuating factors for physical symptoms among survivors and mediated the association between traumatic stress and physical symptoms. Risk factors for symptoms were comparable between survivors and controls.
The results indicate that health-care workers should be alert for physical symptoms among female survivors, immigrant survivors and individuals with a high level of psychological problems both before and after a disaster.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-2917</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-8978</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S003329170700133X</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17892620</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSMDCO</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Adaptation, Psychological ; Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis ; Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders - psychology ; Anxiety-Depression ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depressive Disorder - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder - epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder - psychology ; Disaster ; Disasters ; Emigrants and Immigrants - psychology ; Explosions ; Family physicians ; Fatigue ; Female ; Females ; Fireworks ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health care ; Humans ; Immigrants ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Medical disorders ; Medical sciences ; Netherlands ; Physical symptoms ; psychological problems ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Sleep Wake Disorders - diagnosis ; Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology ; Sleep Wake Disorders - psychology ; Somatoform Disorders - diagnosis ; Somatoform Disorders - epidemiology ; Somatoform Disorders - psychology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology ; Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Survivors ; Survivors - psychology</subject><ispartof>Psychological medicine, 2008-04, Vol.38 (4), p.499-510</ispartof><rights>Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Cambridge University Press</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c609t-88c2823c5af65c82c39070915c1efb28442eedafe89608bc69e45c02411c84b03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c609t-88c2823c5af65c82c39070915c1efb28442eedafe89608bc69e45c02411c84b03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S003329170700133X/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,776,780,12825,27901,27902,30976,30977,55603</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20162840$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17892620$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>van den Berg, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grievink, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Velden, P. G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yzermans, C. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stellato, R. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lebret, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brunekreef, B.</creatorcontrib><title>Risk factors for physical symptoms after a disaster: a longitudinal study</title><title>Psychological medicine</title><addtitle>Psychol. Med</addtitle><description>Although symptoms such as fatigue, headache and pain in bones and muscles are common after disasters, risk factors for these symptoms among disaster survivors have rarely been studied. We examined predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors for these physical symptoms among survivors of a man-made disaster. In addition, we examined whether risk factors for physical symptoms differ between survivors and controls.
Survivors completed a questionnaire 3 weeks (n=1567), 18 months and 4 years after the disaster. Symptoms and risk factors were measured using validated questionnaires. A comparison group was included at waves 2 and 3 (n=821). Random coefficient analysis (RCA) was used to study risk factors for symptoms.
Female gender [beta (beta)=1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-1.4], immigrant status (beta=1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.4) and pre-disaster psychological problems (beta=0.8, 95% CI 0.1-1.4) were predisposing factors for symptoms. Although disaster-related factors were predictors, the relationship between symptoms and disaster-related factors was not very strong and the magnitude of this association was reduced when perpetuating factors were added. Intrusions and avoidance, depression, anxiety and sleeping problems were important perpetuating factors for physical symptoms among survivors and mediated the association between traumatic stress and physical symptoms. Risk factors for symptoms were comparable between survivors and controls.
The results indicate that health-care workers should be alert for physical symptoms among female survivors, immigrant survivors and individuals with a high level of psychological problems both before and after a disaster.</description><subject>Adaptation, Psychological</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Anxiety-Depression</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Disaster</subject><subject>Disasters</subject><subject>Emigrants and Immigrants - psychology</subject><subject>Explosions</subject><subject>Family physicians</subject><subject>Fatigue</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Fireworks</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immigrants</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical disorders</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Netherlands</subject><subject>Physical symptoms</subject><subject>psychological problems</subject><subject>Psychology. 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G.</au><au>Yzermans, C. J.</au><au>Stellato, R. K.</au><au>Lebret, E.</au><au>Brunekreef, B.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Risk factors for physical symptoms after a disaster: a longitudinal study</atitle><jtitle>Psychological medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Psychol. Med</addtitle><date>2008-04-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>38</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>499</spage><epage>510</epage><pages>499-510</pages><issn>0033-2917</issn><eissn>1469-8978</eissn><coden>PSMDCO</coden><abstract>Although symptoms such as fatigue, headache and pain in bones and muscles are common after disasters, risk factors for these symptoms among disaster survivors have rarely been studied. We examined predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors for these physical symptoms among survivors of a man-made disaster. In addition, we examined whether risk factors for physical symptoms differ between survivors and controls.
Survivors completed a questionnaire 3 weeks (n=1567), 18 months and 4 years after the disaster. Symptoms and risk factors were measured using validated questionnaires. A comparison group was included at waves 2 and 3 (n=821). Random coefficient analysis (RCA) was used to study risk factors for symptoms.
Female gender [beta (beta)=1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-1.4], immigrant status (beta=1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.4) and pre-disaster psychological problems (beta=0.8, 95% CI 0.1-1.4) were predisposing factors for symptoms. Although disaster-related factors were predictors, the relationship between symptoms and disaster-related factors was not very strong and the magnitude of this association was reduced when perpetuating factors were added. Intrusions and avoidance, depression, anxiety and sleeping problems were important perpetuating factors for physical symptoms among survivors and mediated the association between traumatic stress and physical symptoms. Risk factors for symptoms were comparable between survivors and controls.
The results indicate that health-care workers should be alert for physical symptoms among female survivors, immigrant survivors and individuals with a high level of psychological problems both before and after a disaster.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>17892620</pmid><doi>10.1017/S003329170700133X</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Psychological medicine, 2008-04, Vol.38 (4), p.499-510 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; Cambridge University Press Journals Complete |
| subjects | Adaptation, Psychological Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology Anxiety Disorders - psychology Anxiety-Depression Biological and medical sciences Cross-Sectional Studies Depressive Disorder - diagnosis Depressive Disorder - epidemiology Depressive Disorder - psychology Disaster Disasters Emigrants and Immigrants - psychology Explosions Family physicians Fatigue Female Females Fireworks Follow-Up Studies Health care Humans Immigrants Longitudinal Studies Male Medical disorders Medical sciences Netherlands Physical symptoms psychological problems Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Regression Analysis Risk Factors Sex Factors Sleep Wake Disorders - diagnosis Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology Sleep Wake Disorders - psychology Somatoform Disorders - diagnosis Somatoform Disorders - epidemiology Somatoform Disorders - psychology Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Survivors Survivors - psychology |
| title | Risk factors for physical symptoms after a disaster: a longitudinal study |
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