Sex Differences in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes by Inflammatory Markers: Results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984-2002
OBJECTIVE:--Although sex differences have been reported for associations between obesity and inflammation, the question of whether there is an effect modification by sex in the association between inflammation and type 2 diabetes has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, the aim of this study...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetes care 2007-04, Vol.30 (4), p.854-860 |
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| creator | Thorand, Barbara Baumert, Jens Kolb, Hubert Meisinger, Christa Chambless, Lloyd Koenig, Wolfgang Herder, Christian |
| description | OBJECTIVE:--Although sex differences have been reported for associations between obesity and inflammation, the question of whether there is an effect modification by sex in the association between inflammation and type 2 diabetes has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare associations of markers of inflammation with type 2 diabetes risk between men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Following a case-cohort design, cases of incident type 2 diabetes were identified from 7,936 subjects aged 35-74 years at baseline who participated in the population-based Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA)/Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) studies conducted between 1984 and 2002. Concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured in 527 cases of incident type 2 diabetes (305 men and 222 women) and 1,698 noncases (889 men and 809 women). RESULTS:--After adjustment for age and survey and lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity, elevated concentrations of CRP showed a considerably stronger association with risk of type 2 diabetes in women (hazard ratio comparing tertile extremes 7.60 [95% CI 4.43-13.04]) than in men (1.84 [1.27-2.67]). The P value for the sex interaction was |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2337/dc06-1693 |
| format | Article |
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Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare associations of markers of inflammation with type 2 diabetes risk between men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Following a case-cohort design, cases of incident type 2 diabetes were identified from 7,936 subjects aged 35-74 years at baseline who participated in the population-based Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA)/Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) studies conducted between 1984 and 2002. Concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured in 527 cases of incident type 2 diabetes (305 men and 222 women) and 1,698 noncases (889 men and 809 women). RESULTS:--After adjustment for age and survey and lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity, elevated concentrations of CRP showed a considerably stronger association with risk of type 2 diabetes in women (hazard ratio comparing tertile extremes 7.60 [95% CI 4.43-13.04]) than in men (1.84 [1.27-2.67]). The P value for the sex interaction was <0.001. Further adjustment for metabolic risk factors considerably attenuated these associations, and they became nonsignificant in men but remained significant in women. IL-6 was also more strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in women, but there was no significant sex interaction. CONCLUSIONS:--Our data suggest that inflammatory processes may be of particular importance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in women.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0149-5992</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-5548</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1693</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17392546</identifier><identifier>CODEN: DICAD2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers - blood ; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism ; Cardiovascular disease ; Care and treatment ; Case studies ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance ; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) ; Endocrinopathies ; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance ; Female ; Gender differences ; Germany - epidemiology ; Health aspects ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation - blood ; Inflammation - epidemiology ; Inflammatory diseases ; Interleukin-6 - blood ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Men ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; Sex Characteristics ; Studies ; Type 2 diabetes ; Women ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Diabetes care, 2007-04, Vol.30 (4), p.854-860</ispartof><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2007 American Diabetes Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Diabetes Association Apr 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18683250$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17392546$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Thorand, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baumert, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kolb, Hubert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meisinger, Christa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chambless, Lloyd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koenig, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herder, Christian</creatorcontrib><title>Sex Differences in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes by Inflammatory Markers: Results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984-2002</title><title>Diabetes care</title><addtitle>Diabetes Care</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE:--Although sex differences have been reported for associations between obesity and inflammation, the question of whether there is an effect modification by sex in the association between inflammation and type 2 diabetes has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare associations of markers of inflammation with type 2 diabetes risk between men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Following a case-cohort design, cases of incident type 2 diabetes were identified from 7,936 subjects aged 35-74 years at baseline who participated in the population-based Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA)/Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) studies conducted between 1984 and 2002. Concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured in 527 cases of incident type 2 diabetes (305 men and 222 women) and 1,698 noncases (889 men and 809 women). RESULTS:--After adjustment for age and survey and lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity, elevated concentrations of CRP showed a considerably stronger association with risk of type 2 diabetes in women (hazard ratio comparing tertile extremes 7.60 [95% CI 4.43-13.04]) than in men (1.84 [1.27-2.67]). The P value for the sex interaction was <0.001. Further adjustment for metabolic risk factors considerably attenuated these associations, and they became nonsignificant in men but remained significant in women. IL-6 was also more strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in women, but there was no significant sex interaction. CONCLUSIONS:--Our data suggest that inflammatory processes may be of particular importance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in women.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Case studies</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</subject><subject>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Germany - epidemiology</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Inflammation - blood</subject><subject>Inflammation - epidemiology</subject><subject>Inflammatory diseases</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Type 2 diabetes</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>0149-5992</issn><issn>1935-5548</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpt0V2L1DAUBuAiijuuXvgHNAh6ZXeTnDRJ925YvxZ3HdmP65KmJ92ubTMmLdh_4U82OiOCLIEcCM95eSFZ9pzRIw6gjhtLZc5kCQ-yFSuhyItC6IfZijJR5kVZ8oPsSYx3lFIhtH6cHTAFJS-EXGU_r_AHedc5hwFHi5F0I5lukXwN2HR26vxIvCPXyxYJT87UOCVUL-RsdL0ZBjP5sJALE75hiCfkEuPcT5G44Ic_ORebL2en6-PPm8s1Wc9trOfQEmsi5tbf-jCROM3N8pawUoucU8qfZo-c6SM-28_D7ObD--vTT_n55mNKOs8dSDXl2mGhFehGCtRIbWMLJWoD0CBSQ52uQXEUBmQDolHScKipQEQtkAlaw2H2Zpe7Df77jHGqhi5a7Hszop9jpShwqhRL8NV_8M7PYUzdKs6BcpmuhPIdak2PVTc6PwVjWxwxmN6P6Lr0vGaSM8o0QPJH9_h0Ghw6e-_Ci32LuR6wqbahG0xYqr8_mcDrPTDRmt4FM9ou_nNaauDF76Yvd84ZX5k2JHNzxSkDSpXkmgr4BUGNseo</recordid><startdate>20070401</startdate><enddate>20070401</enddate><creator>Thorand, Barbara</creator><creator>Baumert, Jens</creator><creator>Kolb, Hubert</creator><creator>Meisinger, Christa</creator><creator>Chambless, Lloyd</creator><creator>Koenig, Wolfgang</creator><creator>Herder, Christian</creator><general>American Diabetes Association</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070401</creationdate><title>Sex Differences in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes by Inflammatory Markers: Results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984-2002</title><author>Thorand, Barbara ; Baumert, Jens ; Kolb, Hubert ; Meisinger, Christa ; Chambless, Lloyd ; Koenig, Wolfgang ; Herder, Christian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-f367t-8fe58738d64e8e0cdc574ba33dee0a0f8b372e4a36d34d76a23b04eee84e140b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Case studies</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</topic><topic>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</topic><topic>Endocrinopathies</topic><topic>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Germany - epidemiology</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Inflammation - blood</topic><topic>Inflammation - epidemiology</topic><topic>Inflammatory diseases</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - blood</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Men</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Type 2 diabetes</topic><topic>Women</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Thorand, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baumert, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kolb, Hubert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meisinger, Christa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chambless, Lloyd</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koenig, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herder, Christian</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Diabetes care</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Thorand, Barbara</au><au>Baumert, Jens</au><au>Kolb, Hubert</au><au>Meisinger, Christa</au><au>Chambless, Lloyd</au><au>Koenig, Wolfgang</au><au>Herder, Christian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sex Differences in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes by Inflammatory Markers: Results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984-2002</atitle><jtitle>Diabetes care</jtitle><addtitle>Diabetes Care</addtitle><date>2007-04-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>854</spage><epage>860</epage><pages>854-860</pages><issn>0149-5992</issn><eissn>1935-5548</eissn><coden>DICAD2</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVE:--Although sex differences have been reported for associations between obesity and inflammation, the question of whether there is an effect modification by sex in the association between inflammation and type 2 diabetes has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare associations of markers of inflammation with type 2 diabetes risk between men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--Following a case-cohort design, cases of incident type 2 diabetes were identified from 7,936 subjects aged 35-74 years at baseline who participated in the population-based Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA)/Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) studies conducted between 1984 and 2002. Concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured in 527 cases of incident type 2 diabetes (305 men and 222 women) and 1,698 noncases (889 men and 809 women). RESULTS:--After adjustment for age and survey and lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity, elevated concentrations of CRP showed a considerably stronger association with risk of type 2 diabetes in women (hazard ratio comparing tertile extremes 7.60 [95% CI 4.43-13.04]) than in men (1.84 [1.27-2.67]). The P value for the sex interaction was <0.001. Further adjustment for metabolic risk factors considerably attenuated these associations, and they became nonsignificant in men but remained significant in women. IL-6 was also more strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in women, but there was no significant sex interaction. CONCLUSIONS:--Our data suggest that inflammatory processes may be of particular importance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in women.</abstract><cop>Alexandria, VA</cop><pub>American Diabetes Association</pub><pmid>17392546</pmid><doi>10.2337/dc06-1693</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0149-5992 |
| ispartof | Diabetes care, 2007-04, Vol.30 (4), p.854-860 |
| issn | 0149-5992 1935-5548 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Adult Aged Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - blood C-Reactive Protein - metabolism Cardiovascular disease Care and treatment Case studies Case-Control Studies Cohort Studies Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance Female Gender differences Germany - epidemiology Health aspects Health risk assessment Humans Incidence Inflammation - blood Inflammation - epidemiology Inflammatory diseases Interleukin-6 - blood Male Medical sciences Men Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Risk Factors Sex Characteristics Studies Type 2 diabetes Women Womens health |
| title | Sex Differences in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes by Inflammatory Markers: Results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984-2002 |
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