Minimal Invasive Gender Determination of Birds by Means of UV-Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
The identification of avian gender is important for prosperous breeding of birds. Since birds do not possess external genital organs, endoscopic investigations, blood analysis, and molecular biological methods are applied to determine the gender in monomorphic species. However, anesthesia and blood...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Analytical chemistry (Washington) 2008-02, Vol.80 (4), p.1080-1086 |
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creator | Harz, M Krause, M Bartels, T Cramer, K Rösch, P Popp, J |
description | The identification of avian gender is important for prosperous breeding of birds. Since birds do not possess external genital organs, endoscopic investigations, blood analysis, and molecular biological methods are applied to determine the gender in monomorphic species. However, anesthesia and blood sampling impose stress on the examined bird and should be avoided in terms of animal protection. Here we report on the application of UV-resonance Raman spectroscopy as a minimal invasive method for gender determination of birds via an evaluation of feather pulp samples. Sample preparation for this investigation method is simple and facilitates a quick and easy analysis. The UV-resonance Raman spectra of the feather pulp sample extracts are dominated by DNA and protein signals. The different DNA content in male and female chicken allows for gender differentiation via its characteristic Raman fingerprint. The classification either to male or female chicken is ideally accomplished by support vector machines due to the fact that no unknown classes are involved. Recognition rates of about 95% were compared to less effective results of the unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Within the scope of our investigations, principal component analysis was also applied to determine the important spectral regions for the classification of chicken's feather pulp samples. |
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Since birds do not possess external genital organs, endoscopic investigations, blood analysis, and molecular biological methods are applied to determine the gender in monomorphic species. However, anesthesia and blood sampling impose stress on the examined bird and should be avoided in terms of animal protection. Here we report on the application of UV-resonance Raman spectroscopy as a minimal invasive method for gender determination of birds via an evaluation of feather pulp samples. Sample preparation for this investigation method is simple and facilitates a quick and easy analysis. The UV-resonance Raman spectra of the feather pulp sample extracts are dominated by DNA and protein signals. The different DNA content in male and female chicken allows for gender differentiation via its characteristic Raman fingerprint. The classification either to male or female chicken is ideally accomplished by support vector machines due to the fact that no unknown classes are involved. Recognition rates of about 95% were compared to less effective results of the unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Within the scope of our investigations, principal component analysis was also applied to determine the important spectral regions for the classification of chicken's feather pulp samples.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-2700</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-6882</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/ac702043q</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18197696</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ANCHAM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Analytical chemistry ; Animals ; Birds ; Breeding of animals ; Chemistry ; Chickens ; Cluster analysis ; DNA fingerprints ; DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism ; Exact sciences and technology ; Feathers - physiology ; Female ; Gender ; Male ; Principal Component Analysis ; Proteins ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sex Determination Analysis - methods ; Sex Differentiation - physiology ; Spectrometric and optical methods ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - methods ; Spectrum analysis ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods</subject><ispartof>Analytical chemistry (Washington), 2008-02, Vol.80 (4), p.1080-1086</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Feb 15, 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a408t-ee83658153d5d23576e351a82e5f5c35ffef2b6f57857bd111b9980c20b1793a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a408t-ee83658153d5d23576e351a82e5f5c35ffef2b6f57857bd111b9980c20b1793a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ac702043q$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac702043q$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,2752,27057,27905,27906,56719,56769</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20143521$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18197696$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Harz, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krause, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartels, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cramer, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rösch, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Popp, J</creatorcontrib><title>Minimal Invasive Gender Determination of Birds by Means of UV-Resonance Raman Spectroscopy</title><title>Analytical chemistry (Washington)</title><addtitle>Anal. Chem</addtitle><description>The identification of avian gender is important for prosperous breeding of birds. Since birds do not possess external genital organs, endoscopic investigations, blood analysis, and molecular biological methods are applied to determine the gender in monomorphic species. However, anesthesia and blood sampling impose stress on the examined bird and should be avoided in terms of animal protection. Here we report on the application of UV-resonance Raman spectroscopy as a minimal invasive method for gender determination of birds via an evaluation of feather pulp samples. Sample preparation for this investigation method is simple and facilitates a quick and easy analysis. The UV-resonance Raman spectra of the feather pulp sample extracts are dominated by DNA and protein signals. The different DNA content in male and female chicken allows for gender differentiation via its characteristic Raman fingerprint. The classification either to male or female chicken is ideally accomplished by support vector machines due to the fact that no unknown classes are involved. Recognition rates of about 95% were compared to less effective results of the unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Within the scope of our investigations, principal component analysis was also applied to determine the important spectral regions for the classification of chicken's feather pulp samples.</description><subject>Analytical chemistry</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Breeding of animals</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chickens</subject><subject>Cluster analysis</subject><subject>DNA fingerprints</subject><subject>DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Feathers - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Principal Component Analysis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Sex Determination Analysis - methods</subject><subject>Sex Differentiation - physiology</subject><subject>Spectrometric and optical methods</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - methods</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods</subject><issn>0003-2700</issn><issn>1520-6882</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNplkE2LFDEQhoMo7rh68A9IEBQ8tKaSyUcf11XXhR1c90PES0inK9Brd3o26Vmcf2-GGWZATwVVD29VPYS8BPYeGIcPzmvG2VzcPyIzkJxVyhj-mMwYY6LimrEj8iznO8YAGKin5AgM1FrVakZ-LbrYDa6n5_HB5e4B6RnGFhP9hBOmoYtu6sZIx0A_dqnNtFnTBbqYN53bH9UV5jG66JFeucFFer1EP6Ux-3G5fk6eBNdnfLGrx-T2y-eb06_Vxbez89OTi8rNmZkqRCOUNCBFK1supFYoJDjDUQbphQwBA29UkNpI3bQA0NS1YZ6zBnQtnDgmb7e5yzTerzBPduiyx753EcdVtsVNLZXkBXz9D3g3rlIst1kO2hgpNBTo3Rby5Y2cMNhlKoLS2gKzG9t2b7uwr3aBq2bA9kDu9BbgzQ5w2bs-pKKqy3uOM5gLyTdLqy3X5Qn_7Ocu_bZKCy3tzeW1_X65gJ-yNlYfcp3Phyf-P_AvOcugCQ</recordid><startdate>20080215</startdate><enddate>20080215</enddate><creator>Harz, M</creator><creator>Krause, M</creator><creator>Bartels, T</creator><creator>Cramer, K</creator><creator>Rösch, P</creator><creator>Popp, J</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080215</creationdate><title>Minimal Invasive Gender Determination of Birds by Means of UV-Resonance Raman Spectroscopy</title><author>Harz, M ; Krause, M ; Bartels, T ; Cramer, K ; Rösch, P ; Popp, J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a408t-ee83658153d5d23576e351a82e5f5c35ffef2b6f57857bd111b9980c20b1793a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Analytical chemistry</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Breeding of animals</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chickens</topic><topic>Cluster analysis</topic><topic>DNA fingerprints</topic><topic>DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Feathers - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Principal Component Analysis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Sex Determination Analysis - methods</topic><topic>Sex Differentiation - physiology</topic><topic>Spectrometric and optical methods</topic><topic>Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - methods</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Harz, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krause, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartels, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cramer, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rösch, P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Popp, J</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Analytical chemistry (Washington)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Harz, M</au><au>Krause, M</au><au>Bartels, T</au><au>Cramer, K</au><au>Rösch, P</au><au>Popp, J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Minimal Invasive Gender Determination of Birds by Means of UV-Resonance Raman Spectroscopy</atitle><jtitle>Analytical chemistry (Washington)</jtitle><addtitle>Anal. 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The UV-resonance Raman spectra of the feather pulp sample extracts are dominated by DNA and protein signals. The different DNA content in male and female chicken allows for gender differentiation via its characteristic Raman fingerprint. The classification either to male or female chicken is ideally accomplished by support vector machines due to the fact that no unknown classes are involved. Recognition rates of about 95% were compared to less effective results of the unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Within the scope of our investigations, principal component analysis was also applied to determine the important spectral regions for the classification of chicken's feather pulp samples.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>18197696</pmid><doi>10.1021/ac702043q</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Analytical chemistry Animals Birds Breeding of animals Chemistry Chickens Cluster analysis DNA fingerprints DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism Exact sciences and technology Feathers - physiology Female Gender Male Principal Component Analysis Proteins Sensitivity and Specificity Sex Determination Analysis - methods Sex Differentiation - physiology Spectrometric and optical methods Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - methods Spectrum analysis Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods |
title | Minimal Invasive Gender Determination of Birds by Means of UV-Resonance Raman Spectroscopy |
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