Target and Observer Differences in the Acceptance of Questionable Apologies
Do people distinguish between sincere and insincere apologies? Because targets and observers face different constraints, we hypothesized that observers would differentiate between spontaneous and coerced apologies but that targets would not. In Studies 1 and 2 participants either received or observe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of personality and social psychology 2007-03, Vol.92 (3), p.418-433 |
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| container_title | Journal of personality and social psychology |
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| creator | Risen, Jane L Gilovich, Thomas |
| description | Do people distinguish between sincere and insincere apologies? Because targets and observers face different constraints, we hypothesized that observers would differentiate between spontaneous and coerced apologies but that targets would not. In Studies 1 and 2 participants either received or observed a spontaneous apology, a coerced apology, or no apology, following a staged offense, and the predicted target-observer difference emerged. Studies 3-5 provided evidence in support of 3 mechanisms that contribute to this target-observer difference. Studies 3 and 4 indicate that this difference is due, in part, to a motivation to be seen positively by others and a motivation to feel good about oneself. Study 5 suggests that social scripts constrain the responses of targets more than those of observers. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.418 |
| format | Article |
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Because targets and observers face different constraints, we hypothesized that observers would differentiate between spontaneous and coerced apologies but that targets would not. In Studies 1 and 2 participants either received or observed a spontaneous apology, a coerced apology, or no apology, following a staged offense, and the predicted target-observer difference emerged. Studies 3-5 provided evidence in support of 3 mechanisms that contribute to this target-observer difference. Studies 3 and 4 indicate that this difference is due, in part, to a motivation to be seen positively by others and a motivation to feel good about oneself. 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Because targets and observers face different constraints, we hypothesized that observers would differentiate between spontaneous and coerced apologies but that targets would not. In Studies 1 and 2 participants either received or observed a spontaneous apology, a coerced apology, or no apology, following a staged offense, and the predicted target-observer difference emerged. Studies 3-5 provided evidence in support of 3 mechanisms that contribute to this target-observer difference. Studies 3 and 4 indicate that this difference is due, in part, to a motivation to be seen positively by others and a motivation to feel good about oneself. Study 5 suggests that social scripts constrain the responses of targets more than those of observers.</description><subject>Acceptance</subject><subject>Affect</subject><subject>Apologies</subject><subject>Apology</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Coercion</subject><subject>Differences</subject><subject>Experimental psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forgiveness</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Guilt</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intention</subject><subject>Interpersonal Communication</subject><subject>Judgement</subject><subject>Judgment</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>Observers</subject><subject>Offenses</subject><subject>Personality</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Responses</subject><subject>Sincerity</subject><subject>Social attribution, perception and cognition</subject><subject>Social Interaction</subject><subject>Social Perception</subject><subject>Social psychology</subject><subject>Social relations</subject><subject>Spontaneity</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Targets</subject><subject>Truth Disclosure</subject><issn>0022-3514</issn><issn>1939-1315</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkl2L1TAQhoMo7nH1D3ghRdQb6TGTSdLkclk_cWER1uuQptO1S09bk1bYf2_KObgq4rnJwOSZD-Z9GXsKfAscqzecC1GiArm1YotbCeYe24BFWwKCus82v4AT9iilG865VEI8ZCdQoRKaw4Z9vvLxmubCD01xWSeKPygWb7u2pUhDoFR0QzF_o-IsBJpmn1PF2BZfFkpzNw6-7vPXNPbjdUfpMXvQ-j7Rk0M8ZV_fv7s6_1heXH74dH52UXolcS4Dr3iQWhPaBoOWgmpjoQ4EquFoQk2a6lqCxgZaL5TyRjVoPLQVBm8RT9mrfd8pjt_XTdyuS4H63g80LslVXGjUFo6CGrRWmpujoKrAShTqKIhaGSUrmcHnf4E34xKHfJY8VcoqX9_-DxLcGjCVWHcTeyjEMaVIrZtit_Px1gF3qw_cKrNbZXY2R5d9kIueHTov9Y6au5KD8Bl4eQB8Cr5vY5a2S3ecUdbmJ3Ov95yfvJvSbfBx7kJPKSwxO2TOuen3sS_-Tf-J_QSZedPw</recordid><startdate>20070301</startdate><enddate>20070301</enddate><creator>Risen, Jane L</creator><creator>Gilovich, Thomas</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070301</creationdate><title>Target and Observer Differences in the Acceptance of Questionable Apologies</title><author>Risen, Jane L ; Gilovich, Thomas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a543t-c070c466e39d3c642eb891bce15d038cbe6ebb4163d1fa255a85d38a1f73ca933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Acceptance</topic><topic>Affect</topic><topic>Apologies</topic><topic>Apology</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Coercion</topic><topic>Differences</topic><topic>Experimental psychology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Forgiveness</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Guilt</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intention</topic><topic>Interpersonal Communication</topic><topic>Judgement</topic><topic>Judgment</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Motivation</topic><topic>Observers</topic><topic>Offenses</topic><topic>Personality</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Responses</topic><topic>Sincerity</topic><topic>Social attribution, perception and cognition</topic><topic>Social Interaction</topic><topic>Social Perception</topic><topic>Social psychology</topic><topic>Social relations</topic><topic>Spontaneity</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Targets</topic><topic>Truth Disclosure</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Risen, Jane L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilovich, Thomas</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>Access via APA PsycArticles® (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of personality and social psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Risen, Jane L</au><au>Gilovich, Thomas</au><au>Dovidio, John F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Target and Observer Differences in the Acceptance of Questionable Apologies</atitle><jtitle>Journal of personality and social psychology</jtitle><addtitle>J Pers Soc Psychol</addtitle><date>2007-03-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>92</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>418</spage><epage>433</epage><pages>418-433</pages><issn>0022-3514</issn><eissn>1939-1315</eissn><coden>JPSPB2</coden><abstract>Do people distinguish between sincere and insincere apologies? Because targets and observers face different constraints, we hypothesized that observers would differentiate between spontaneous and coerced apologies but that targets would not. In Studies 1 and 2 participants either received or observed a spontaneous apology, a coerced apology, or no apology, following a staged offense, and the predicted target-observer difference emerged. Studies 3-5 provided evidence in support of 3 mechanisms that contribute to this target-observer difference. Studies 3 and 4 indicate that this difference is due, in part, to a motivation to be seen positively by others and a motivation to feel good about oneself. Study 5 suggests that social scripts constrain the responses of targets more than those of observers.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>17352601</pmid><doi>10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.418</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acceptance Affect Apologies Apology Behavior Biological and medical sciences Coercion Differences Experimental psychology Female Forgiveness Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Guilt Human Humans Intention Interpersonal Communication Judgement Judgment Male Motivation Observers Offenses Personality Psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Responses Sincerity Social attribution, perception and cognition Social Interaction Social Perception Social psychology Social relations Spontaneity Studies Targets Truth Disclosure |
| title | Target and Observer Differences in the Acceptance of Questionable Apologies |
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