Interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and subclinical atherosclerosis
Intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol alter cardiovascular disease risk, but their effect on subclinical atherosclerosis remains understudied. The objective was to examine and quantify the interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and mean carotid artery intimal medial thi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of clinical nutrition 2008-01, Vol.87 (1), p.168-174 |
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| creator | Merchant, Anwar T Kelemen, Linda E de Koning, Lawrence Lonn, Eva Vuksan, Vlad Jacobs, Ruby Davis, Bonnie Teo, Koon K Yusuf, Salim Anand, Sonia S |
| description | Intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol alter cardiovascular disease risk, but their effect on subclinical atherosclerosis remains understudied.
The objective was to examine and quantify the interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and mean carotid artery intimal medial thickness (IMT).
We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study among 620 persons of Aboriginal, South Asian, Chinese, or European origin aged 35–75 y, who had lived in Canada for ≥5 y. Mean IMT was calculated from 6 well-defined segments of the right and left carotid arteries with standardized B-mode ultrasound, and saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol intakes were measured with validated food-frequency questionnaires.
For every 10-g/d increase in saturated fat intake, IMT was 0.03 mm higher (P = 0.01) after multivariate adjustment. A 1-g/d higher intake of trans fat was associated with a 0.03-mm higher IMT (P = 0.02) after multivariate adjustment. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S) was inversely associated with IMT after multivariate adjustment (change in IMT: −0.06 mm; P < 0.01). Saturated and trans fat intakes were independently associated with IMT thickness (change in IMT: 0.03 mm; P < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively; P for interaction = 0.01). Polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, cholesterol, and total fat intakes were unrelated to IMT. The relation between saturated fat intake and IMT strengthened (β = 0.0066, P < 0.001) in persons who never or rarely consumed alcohol as compared with moderate or heavy drinkers (β = 0.0001, P = 0.79, P for interaction = 0.01).
Higher habitual intakes of saturated and trans fats are independently associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis, and alcohol intake may attenuate the relation between saturated fat and subclinical atherosclerosis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/ajcn/87.1.168 |
| format | Article |
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The objective was to examine and quantify the interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and mean carotid artery intimal medial thickness (IMT).
We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study among 620 persons of Aboriginal, South Asian, Chinese, or European origin aged 35–75 y, who had lived in Canada for ≥5 y. Mean IMT was calculated from 6 well-defined segments of the right and left carotid arteries with standardized B-mode ultrasound, and saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol intakes were measured with validated food-frequency questionnaires.
For every 10-g/d increase in saturated fat intake, IMT was 0.03 mm higher (P = 0.01) after multivariate adjustment. A 1-g/d higher intake of trans fat was associated with a 0.03-mm higher IMT (P = 0.02) after multivariate adjustment. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S) was inversely associated with IMT after multivariate adjustment (change in IMT: −0.06 mm; P < 0.01). Saturated and trans fat intakes were independently associated with IMT thickness (change in IMT: 0.03 mm; P < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively; P for interaction = 0.01). Polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, cholesterol, and total fat intakes were unrelated to IMT. The relation between saturated fat intake and IMT strengthened (β = 0.0066, P < 0.001) in persons who never or rarely consumed alcohol as compared with moderate or heavy drinkers (β = 0.0001, P = 0.79, P for interaction = 0.01).
Higher habitual intakes of saturated and trans fats are independently associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis, and alcohol intake may attenuate the relation between saturated fat and subclinical atherosclerosis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9165</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-3207</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/87.1.168</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18175752</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJCNAC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; adults ; Aged ; Alcohol ; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology ; Asian People ; atherosclerosis ; Atherosclerosis - epidemiology ; Atherosclerosis - etiology ; Atherosclerosis - pathology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Canada ; Cardiology ; Cardiovascular disease ; cardiovascular diseases ; carotid arteries ; Carotid Arteries - anatomy & histology ; Carotid Arteries - diagnostic imaging ; Carotid Arteries - pathology ; carotid atherosclerosis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage ; disease course ; ethnicity ; Fatty acids ; Feeding. Feeding behavior ; Female ; food frequency questionnaires ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Indians, North American ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; Nutrition ; risk factors ; Saturated fatty acids ; subclinical atherosclerosis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; thickness ; trans fatty acids ; Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage ; Tunica Intima - anatomy & histology ; Tunica Intima - diagnostic imaging ; Tunica Intima - pathology ; Tunica Media - anatomy & histology ; Tunica Media - diagnostic imaging ; Tunica Media - pathology ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; White People</subject><ispartof>The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2008-01, Vol.87 (1), p.168-174</ispartof><rights>2008 American Society for Nutrition.</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. Jan 1, 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4408-44a609ecd54bedfab7e1e22aaeaa10f01d9c7d203385ce50133801d881b93b513</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4408-44a609ecd54bedfab7e1e22aaeaa10f01d9c7d203385ce50133801d881b93b513</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,4024,27923,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20028328$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18175752$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Merchant, Anwar T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelemen, Linda E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Koning, Lawrence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lonn, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuksan, Vlad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, Ruby</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davis, Bonnie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teo, Koon K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yusuf, Salim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anand, Sonia S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SHARE and SHARE-AP investigators</creatorcontrib><title>Interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and subclinical atherosclerosis</title><title>The American journal of clinical nutrition</title><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><description>Intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol alter cardiovascular disease risk, but their effect on subclinical atherosclerosis remains understudied.
The objective was to examine and quantify the interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and mean carotid artery intimal medial thickness (IMT).
We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study among 620 persons of Aboriginal, South Asian, Chinese, or European origin aged 35–75 y, who had lived in Canada for ≥5 y. Mean IMT was calculated from 6 well-defined segments of the right and left carotid arteries with standardized B-mode ultrasound, and saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol intakes were measured with validated food-frequency questionnaires.
For every 10-g/d increase in saturated fat intake, IMT was 0.03 mm higher (P = 0.01) after multivariate adjustment. A 1-g/d higher intake of trans fat was associated with a 0.03-mm higher IMT (P = 0.02) after multivariate adjustment. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S) was inversely associated with IMT after multivariate adjustment (change in IMT: −0.06 mm; P < 0.01). Saturated and trans fat intakes were independently associated with IMT thickness (change in IMT: 0.03 mm; P < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively; P for interaction = 0.01). Polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, cholesterol, and total fat intakes were unrelated to IMT. The relation between saturated fat intake and IMT strengthened (β = 0.0066, P < 0.001) in persons who never or rarely consumed alcohol as compared with moderate or heavy drinkers (β = 0.0001, P = 0.79, P for interaction = 0.01).
Higher habitual intakes of saturated and trans fats are independently associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis, and alcohol intake may attenuate the relation between saturated fat and subclinical atherosclerosis.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>adults</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Asian People</subject><subject>atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - etiology</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis - pathology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Canada</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>carotid arteries</subject><subject>Carotid Arteries - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Carotid Arteries - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Carotid Arteries - pathology</subject><subject>carotid atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</subject><subject>disease course</subject><subject>ethnicity</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>food frequency questionnaires</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Indians, North American</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>nationalities and ethnic groups</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>risk factors</subject><subject>Saturated fatty acids</subject><subject>subclinical atherosclerosis</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>thickness</subject><subject>trans fatty acids</subject><subject>Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Tunica Intima - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Tunica Intima - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Tunica Intima - pathology</subject><subject>Tunica Media - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Tunica Media - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Tunica Media - pathology</subject><subject>Ultrasonography, Interventional</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>White People</subject><issn>0002-9165</issn><issn>1938-3207</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU2LFDEQhoMo7rh69KqNoCd7tpL-SPq4LH4sLHjQvXgJ1elqN2MmWZO04L83TQ8KgpekKjwUbz1h7DmHPYehucCD8RdK7vme9-oB2_GhUXUjQD5kOwAQ9cD77ow9SekAwEWr-sfsjCsuO9mJHft67TPFSA6zDb4Kc5UwLxEzTdWM-W2VI_q0lehMuAuusj7jdyq9n6q0jMZZbw26CvMdxZCMW0-bnrJHM7pEz073Obt9_-7L1cf65tOH66vLm9q0Lai6bbGHgczUtSNNM46SOAmBSIgcZuDTYOQkoGlUZ6gDXoryqBQfh2bseHPO3mxz72P4sVDK-miTIefQU1iSliCg69u-gK_-AQ9hib5k06JZvSmQBao3yJQlUqRZ30d7xPhLc9Crcb0a10pqrovxwr84DV3GI01_6ZPiArw-AZiKpbn4NDb94UT5I9WIddDLjZsxaPwWC3P7WZR1AVQrJF_zy42gYvOnpaiTseQNTTaSyXoK9j8hfwPdgqV3</recordid><startdate>200801</startdate><enddate>200801</enddate><creator>Merchant, Anwar T</creator><creator>Kelemen, Linda E</creator><creator>de Koning, Lawrence</creator><creator>Lonn, Eva</creator><creator>Vuksan, Vlad</creator><creator>Jacobs, Ruby</creator><creator>Davis, Bonnie</creator><creator>Teo, Koon K</creator><creator>Yusuf, Salim</creator><creator>Anand, Sonia S</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>American Society for Nutrition</general><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition</general><general>American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200801</creationdate><title>Interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and subclinical atherosclerosis</title><author>Merchant, Anwar T ; Kelemen, Linda E ; de Koning, Lawrence ; Lonn, Eva ; Vuksan, Vlad ; Jacobs, Ruby ; Davis, Bonnie ; Teo, Koon K ; Yusuf, Salim ; Anand, Sonia S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4408-44a609ecd54bedfab7e1e22aaeaa10f01d9c7d203385ce50133801d881b93b513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>adults</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Asian People</topic><topic>atherosclerosis</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - etiology</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis - pathology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Canada</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>carotid arteries</topic><topic>Carotid Arteries - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Carotid Arteries - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Carotid Arteries - pathology</topic><topic>carotid atherosclerosis</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</topic><topic>disease course</topic><topic>ethnicity</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Feeding. Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>food frequency questionnaires</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Indians, North American</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Multivariate Analysis</topic><topic>nationalities and ethnic groups</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>risk factors</topic><topic>Saturated fatty acids</topic><topic>subclinical atherosclerosis</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>thickness</topic><topic>trans fatty acids</topic><topic>Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Tunica Intima - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Tunica Intima - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Tunica Intima - pathology</topic><topic>Tunica Media - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Tunica Media - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Tunica Media - pathology</topic><topic>Ultrasonography, Interventional</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>White People</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Merchant, Anwar T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelemen, Linda E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Koning, Lawrence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lonn, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuksan, Vlad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, Ruby</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Davis, Bonnie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teo, Koon K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yusuf, Salim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anand, Sonia S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SHARE and SHARE-AP investigators</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Merchant, Anwar T</au><au>Kelemen, Linda E</au><au>de Koning, Lawrence</au><au>Lonn, Eva</au><au>Vuksan, Vlad</au><au>Jacobs, Ruby</au><au>Davis, Bonnie</au><au>Teo, Koon K</au><au>Yusuf, Salim</au><au>Anand, Sonia S</au><aucorp>SHARE and SHARE-AP investigators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and subclinical atherosclerosis</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of clinical nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2008-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>87</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>168</spage><epage>174</epage><pages>168-174</pages><issn>0002-9165</issn><eissn>1938-3207</eissn><coden>AJCNAC</coden><abstract>Intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol alter cardiovascular disease risk, but their effect on subclinical atherosclerosis remains understudied.
The objective was to examine and quantify the interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and mean carotid artery intimal medial thickness (IMT).
We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study among 620 persons of Aboriginal, South Asian, Chinese, or European origin aged 35–75 y, who had lived in Canada for ≥5 y. Mean IMT was calculated from 6 well-defined segments of the right and left carotid arteries with standardized B-mode ultrasound, and saturated fat, trans fat, and alcohol intakes were measured with validated food-frequency questionnaires.
For every 10-g/d increase in saturated fat intake, IMT was 0.03 mm higher (P = 0.01) after multivariate adjustment. A 1-g/d higher intake of trans fat was associated with a 0.03-mm higher IMT (P = 0.02) after multivariate adjustment. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (P:S) was inversely associated with IMT after multivariate adjustment (change in IMT: −0.06 mm; P < 0.01). Saturated and trans fat intakes were independently associated with IMT thickness (change in IMT: 0.03 mm; P < 0.01 and 0.02, respectively; P for interaction = 0.01). Polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, cholesterol, and total fat intakes were unrelated to IMT. The relation between saturated fat intake and IMT strengthened (β = 0.0066, P < 0.001) in persons who never or rarely consumed alcohol as compared with moderate or heavy drinkers (β = 0.0001, P = 0.79, P for interaction = 0.01).
Higher habitual intakes of saturated and trans fats are independently associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis, and alcohol intake may attenuate the relation between saturated fat and subclinical atherosclerosis.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>18175752</pmid><doi>10.1093/ajcn/87.1.168</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult adults Aged Alcohol Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology Asian People atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - epidemiology Atherosclerosis - etiology Atherosclerosis - pathology Biological and medical sciences Canada Cardiology Cardiovascular disease cardiovascular diseases carotid arteries Carotid Arteries - anatomy & histology Carotid Arteries - diagnostic imaging Carotid Arteries - pathology carotid atherosclerosis Cross-Sectional Studies Dietary Fats - administration & dosage disease course ethnicity Fatty acids Feeding. Feeding behavior Female food frequency questionnaires Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Indians, North American Male Middle Aged Multivariate Analysis nationalities and ethnic groups Nutrition risk factors Saturated fatty acids subclinical atherosclerosis Surveys and Questionnaires thickness trans fatty acids Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage Tunica Intima - anatomy & histology Tunica Intima - diagnostic imaging Tunica Intima - pathology Tunica Media - anatomy & histology Tunica Media - diagnostic imaging Tunica Media - pathology Ultrasonography, Interventional Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems White People |
| title | Interrelation of saturated fat, trans fat, alcohol intake, and subclinical atherosclerosis |
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