The Effect of Multimedia Stories About American Deaf Celebrities on Taiwanese Hearing Students’ Attitudes Toward Job Opportunities for the Deaf
IN TAIWAN, hearing people generally think deaf individuals can only do jobs requiring minimal communication. The present study was planned to help change hearing people’s attitudes toward deaf people’s job competence. Multimedia stories of deaf celebrities, e.g., physicians, lawyers, university pres...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | American annals of the deaf (Washington, D.C. 1886) D.C. 1886), 2005-12, Vol.150 (5), p.427-432 |
|---|---|
| 1. Verfasser: | |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 432 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | 427 |
| container_title | American annals of the deaf (Washington, D.C. 1886) |
| container_volume | 150 |
| creator | Ju, Jing-Ming |
| description | IN TAIWAN, hearing people generally think deaf individuals can only do jobs requiring minimal communication. The present study was planned to help change hearing people’s attitudes toward deaf people’s job competence. Multimedia stories of deaf celebrities, e.g., physicians, lawyers, university presidents, professors, senior government officials, and movie stars, were developed. A multimedia computer reading program was developed in which graphic organizers, picture clues, video, and voice were integrated to make reading more exciting and pleasant. Materials were developed to be suitable for dissemination on CD. Regarding attitude change, all differences between pretests and posttests were statistically significant: Hearing students’ attitudes toward deaf and hard of hearing people changed positively and significantly. It is recommended that the CD featuring American deaf celebrities be distributed to make hearing people understand deaf people’s potential, and to contribute to an environment conducive to their employment in Taiwan. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1353/aad.2006.0006 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_70148209</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><ericid>EJ743823</ericid><jstor_id>26234751</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>26234751</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-fe05016a4c3162bc2b8c844c9de428ccb5a44787f931917e7b5548bff3a7a0a53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdks9uEzEQxi0EomnhyA2QxYHbBv_37jEKgVIV9dAgcbO8Xhscbdap7VXFjVfokdfjSfBqo1TiYsue33wezzcAvMJoiSmnH7TulgQhsURleQIWmDNaISr5U7AoV6SSRHw_A-cp7RDCuGH8OTjDQmDEJF-Ah-1PCzfOWZNhcPDr2Ge_t53X8DaH6G2CqzaMGa72NnqjB_jRagfXtrdt9HmKhwFutb_Xg00WXlod_fCjJI-dHXL6-_sPXOXsp2OC23CvYwevQgtvDocQ8zjMGi5EmEshk_gL8MzpPtmXx_0CfPu02a4vq-ubz1_Wq-vKMCRy5SziCAvNDMWCtIa0takZM01nGamNablmTNbSNRQ3WFrZcs7q1jmqpUaa0wvwftY9xHA32pTV3idj-778JIxJSYRZTVBTwHf_gbswxqHUpghmTMgiXKBqhkwMKUXr1CH6vY6_FEZqMkoVo9RklJqMKvzbo-jYln4_0kdnCvB6Bqa-n8KbK8loTWgJs1NRu2Lefkz2sS7ccNQgdTsNwzQLSHDEiCQl7c2ctkvF3pMsEYSWRzH9BxYJst4</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>214467554</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Effect of Multimedia Stories About American Deaf Celebrities on Taiwanese Hearing Students’ Attitudes Toward Job Opportunities for the Deaf</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing</source><source>EBSCOhost Education Source</source><creator>Ju, Jing-Ming</creator><creatorcontrib>Ju, Jing-Ming</creatorcontrib><description>IN TAIWAN, hearing people generally think deaf individuals can only do jobs requiring minimal communication. The present study was planned to help change hearing people’s attitudes toward deaf people’s job competence. Multimedia stories of deaf celebrities, e.g., physicians, lawyers, university presidents, professors, senior government officials, and movie stars, were developed. A multimedia computer reading program was developed in which graphic organizers, picture clues, video, and voice were integrated to make reading more exciting and pleasant. Materials were developed to be suitable for dissemination on CD. Regarding attitude change, all differences between pretests and posttests were statistically significant: Hearing students’ attitudes toward deaf and hard of hearing people changed positively and significantly. It is recommended that the CD featuring American deaf celebrities be distributed to make hearing people understand deaf people’s potential, and to contribute to an environment conducive to their employment in Taiwan.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-726X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1543-0375</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1543-0375</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1353/aad.2006.0006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16610475</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ANDFAL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Gallaudet University Press</publisher><subject>Ability Identification ; Achievement ; Adolescent ; Attitude ; Attitude Change ; Attitudes ; Career Choice ; Celebrities ; Child ; Competition ; Deafness ; Elementary School Teachers ; Employment ; Employment Opportunities ; FEATURE ARTICLES ; Female ; Foreign Countries ; Grade 5 ; Grade 7 ; Hard of Hearing ; Hearing disorders ; Hearing loss ; Humans ; Job Skills ; Learning ; Likert Scales ; Male ; Multimedia ; Multimedia Materials ; Novelists ; Occupations ; Perceptions ; Persons With Hearing Impairments - psychology ; Physicians ; Posttests ; Pretests ; Pretests Posttests ; Printing ; Profiles ; Reading Comprehension ; Reading instruction ; Reading Programs ; Role models ; Sculptors ; Sign language ; Student Attitudes ; Student Surveys ; Students - psychology ; Students with disabilities ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Taiwan</subject><ispartof>American annals of the deaf (Washington, D.C. 1886), 2005-12, Vol.150 (5), p.427-432</ispartof><rights>2006 Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf</rights><rights>Copyright © 2005 Conference of Educational Administrators of Schools and Programs for the Deaf.</rights><rights>Copyright American Annals of the Deaf Winter 2005/2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-fe05016a4c3162bc2b8c844c9de428ccb5a44787f931917e7b5548bff3a7a0a53</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26234751$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26234751$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27923,27924,58016,58249</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ743823$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16610475$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ju, Jing-Ming</creatorcontrib><title>The Effect of Multimedia Stories About American Deaf Celebrities on Taiwanese Hearing Students’ Attitudes Toward Job Opportunities for the Deaf</title><title>American annals of the deaf (Washington, D.C. 1886)</title><addtitle>Am Ann Deaf</addtitle><description>IN TAIWAN, hearing people generally think deaf individuals can only do jobs requiring minimal communication. The present study was planned to help change hearing people’s attitudes toward deaf people’s job competence. Multimedia stories of deaf celebrities, e.g., physicians, lawyers, university presidents, professors, senior government officials, and movie stars, were developed. A multimedia computer reading program was developed in which graphic organizers, picture clues, video, and voice were integrated to make reading more exciting and pleasant. Materials were developed to be suitable for dissemination on CD. Regarding attitude change, all differences between pretests and posttests were statistically significant: Hearing students’ attitudes toward deaf and hard of hearing people changed positively and significantly. It is recommended that the CD featuring American deaf celebrities be distributed to make hearing people understand deaf people’s potential, and to contribute to an environment conducive to their employment in Taiwan.</description><subject>Ability Identification</subject><subject>Achievement</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Attitude</subject><subject>Attitude Change</subject><subject>Attitudes</subject><subject>Career Choice</subject><subject>Celebrities</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Competition</subject><subject>Deafness</subject><subject>Elementary School Teachers</subject><subject>Employment</subject><subject>Employment Opportunities</subject><subject>FEATURE ARTICLES</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Foreign Countries</subject><subject>Grade 5</subject><subject>Grade 7</subject><subject>Hard of Hearing</subject><subject>Hearing disorders</subject><subject>Hearing loss</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Job Skills</subject><subject>Learning</subject><subject>Likert Scales</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Multimedia</subject><subject>Multimedia Materials</subject><subject>Novelists</subject><subject>Occupations</subject><subject>Perceptions</subject><subject>Persons With Hearing Impairments - psychology</subject><subject>Physicians</subject><subject>Posttests</subject><subject>Pretests</subject><subject>Pretests Posttests</subject><subject>Printing</subject><subject>Profiles</subject><subject>Reading Comprehension</subject><subject>Reading instruction</subject><subject>Reading Programs</subject><subject>Role models</subject><subject>Sculptors</subject><subject>Sign language</subject><subject>Student Attitudes</subject><subject>Student Surveys</subject><subject>Students - psychology</subject><subject>Students with disabilities</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Taiwan</subject><issn>0002-726X</issn><issn>1543-0375</issn><issn>1543-0375</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AIMQZ</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdks9uEzEQxi0EomnhyA2QxYHbBv_37jEKgVIV9dAgcbO8Xhscbdap7VXFjVfokdfjSfBqo1TiYsue33wezzcAvMJoiSmnH7TulgQhsURleQIWmDNaISr5U7AoV6SSRHw_A-cp7RDCuGH8OTjDQmDEJF-Ah-1PCzfOWZNhcPDr2Ge_t53X8DaH6G2CqzaMGa72NnqjB_jRagfXtrdt9HmKhwFutb_Xg00WXlod_fCjJI-dHXL6-_sPXOXsp2OC23CvYwevQgtvDocQ8zjMGi5EmEshk_gL8MzpPtmXx_0CfPu02a4vq-ubz1_Wq-vKMCRy5SziCAvNDMWCtIa0takZM01nGamNablmTNbSNRQ3WFrZcs7q1jmqpUaa0wvwftY9xHA32pTV3idj-778JIxJSYRZTVBTwHf_gbswxqHUpghmTMgiXKBqhkwMKUXr1CH6vY6_FEZqMkoVo9RklJqMKvzbo-jYln4_0kdnCvB6Bqa-n8KbK8loTWgJs1NRu2Lefkz2sS7ccNQgdTsNwzQLSHDEiCQl7c2ctkvF3pMsEYSWRzH9BxYJst4</recordid><startdate>20051201</startdate><enddate>20051201</enddate><creator>Ju, Jing-Ming</creator><general>Gallaudet University Press</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88B</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8A4</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AIMQZ</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CJNVE</scope><scope>CPGLG</scope><scope>CRLPW</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LIQON</scope><scope>M0P</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEDU</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>8BM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20051201</creationdate><title>The Effect of Multimedia Stories About American Deaf Celebrities on Taiwanese Hearing Students’ Attitudes Toward Job Opportunities for the Deaf</title><author>Ju, Jing-Ming</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-fe05016a4c3162bc2b8c844c9de428ccb5a44787f931917e7b5548bff3a7a0a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Ability Identification</topic><topic>Achievement</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Attitude</topic><topic>Attitude Change</topic><topic>Attitudes</topic><topic>Career Choice</topic><topic>Celebrities</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Competition</topic><topic>Deafness</topic><topic>Elementary School Teachers</topic><topic>Employment</topic><topic>Employment Opportunities</topic><topic>FEATURE ARTICLES</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Foreign Countries</topic><topic>Grade 5</topic><topic>Grade 7</topic><topic>Hard of Hearing</topic><topic>Hearing disorders</topic><topic>Hearing loss</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Job Skills</topic><topic>Learning</topic><topic>Likert Scales</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Multimedia</topic><topic>Multimedia Materials</topic><topic>Novelists</topic><topic>Occupations</topic><topic>Perceptions</topic><topic>Persons With Hearing Impairments - psychology</topic><topic>Physicians</topic><topic>Posttests</topic><topic>Pretests</topic><topic>Pretests Posttests</topic><topic>Printing</topic><topic>Profiles</topic><topic>Reading Comprehension</topic><topic>Reading instruction</topic><topic>Reading Programs</topic><topic>Role models</topic><topic>Sculptors</topic><topic>Sign language</topic><topic>Student Attitudes</topic><topic>Student Surveys</topic><topic>Students - psychology</topic><topic>Students with disabilities</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Taiwan</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ju, Jing-Ming</creatorcontrib><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Education Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Education Periodicals</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest One Literature</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Education Collection</collection><collection>Linguistics Collection</collection><collection>Linguistics Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Literature - U.S. Customers Only</collection><collection>Education Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Education</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>ComDisDome</collection><jtitle>American annals of the deaf (Washington, D.C. 1886)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ju, Jing-Ming</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ743823</ericid><atitle>The Effect of Multimedia Stories About American Deaf Celebrities on Taiwanese Hearing Students’ Attitudes Toward Job Opportunities for the Deaf</atitle><jtitle>American annals of the deaf (Washington, D.C. 1886)</jtitle><addtitle>Am Ann Deaf</addtitle><date>2005-12-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>150</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>427</spage><epage>432</epage><pages>427-432</pages><issn>0002-726X</issn><issn>1543-0375</issn><eissn>1543-0375</eissn><coden>ANDFAL</coden><abstract>IN TAIWAN, hearing people generally think deaf individuals can only do jobs requiring minimal communication. The present study was planned to help change hearing people’s attitudes toward deaf people’s job competence. Multimedia stories of deaf celebrities, e.g., physicians, lawyers, university presidents, professors, senior government officials, and movie stars, were developed. A multimedia computer reading program was developed in which graphic organizers, picture clues, video, and voice were integrated to make reading more exciting and pleasant. Materials were developed to be suitable for dissemination on CD. Regarding attitude change, all differences between pretests and posttests were statistically significant: Hearing students’ attitudes toward deaf and hard of hearing people changed positively and significantly. It is recommended that the CD featuring American deaf celebrities be distributed to make hearing people understand deaf people’s potential, and to contribute to an environment conducive to their employment in Taiwan.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Gallaudet University Press</pub><pmid>16610475</pmid><doi>10.1353/aad.2006.0006</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0002-726X |
| ispartof | American annals of the deaf (Washington, D.C. 1886), 2005-12, Vol.150 (5), p.427-432 |
| issn | 0002-726X 1543-0375 1543-0375 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_70148209 |
| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; EBSCOhost Education Source |
| subjects | Ability Identification Achievement Adolescent Attitude Attitude Change Attitudes Career Choice Celebrities Child Competition Deafness Elementary School Teachers Employment Employment Opportunities FEATURE ARTICLES Female Foreign Countries Grade 5 Grade 7 Hard of Hearing Hearing disorders Hearing loss Humans Job Skills Learning Likert Scales Male Multimedia Multimedia Materials Novelists Occupations Perceptions Persons With Hearing Impairments - psychology Physicians Posttests Pretests Pretests Posttests Printing Profiles Reading Comprehension Reading instruction Reading Programs Role models Sculptors Sign language Student Attitudes Student Surveys Students - psychology Students with disabilities Surveys and Questionnaires Taiwan |
| title | The Effect of Multimedia Stories About American Deaf Celebrities on Taiwanese Hearing Students’ Attitudes Toward Job Opportunities for the Deaf |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-13T02%3A11%3A43IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Effect%20of%20Multimedia%20Stories%20About%20American%20Deaf%20Celebrities%20on%20Taiwanese%20Hearing%20Students%E2%80%99%20Attitudes%20Toward%20Job%20Opportunities%20for%20the%20Deaf&rft.jtitle=American%20annals%20of%20the%20deaf%20(Washington,%20D.C.%201886)&rft.au=Ju,%20Jing-Ming&rft.date=2005-12-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=427&rft.epage=432&rft.pages=427-432&rft.issn=0002-726X&rft.eissn=1543-0375&rft.coden=ANDFAL&rft_id=info:doi/10.1353/aad.2006.0006&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_proqu%3E26234751%3C/jstor_proqu%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=214467554&rft_id=info:pmid/16610475&rft_ericid=EJ743823&rft_jstor_id=26234751&rfr_iscdi=true |