Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Raccoons (Procyon lotor), Coyotes (Canis latrans), and Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in Wisconsin Identified Several Atypical Genotypes
During 2005–2006, sera and tissues from raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from the state of Wisconsin were tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 32 of 54 (59.2%) raccoons, 18 of 35 (51.4%) coyotes, and 5 of 7 (71...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of parasitology 2007-12, Vol.93 (6), p.1524-1527 |
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| container_title | The Journal of parasitology |
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| creator | Dubey, J. P Sundar, N Nolden, C. A Samuel, M. D Velmurugan, G. V Bandini, L. A Kwok, O. C H Bodenstein, B Su, C |
| description | During 2005–2006, sera and tissues from raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from the state of Wisconsin were tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 32 of 54 (59.2%) raccoons, 18 of 35 (51.4%) coyotes, and 5 of 7 (71.4%) skunks using the modified agglutination test and a cut-off titer of 1:20. Pooled tissues (brains, hearts, and tongues) from 30 raccoons, 15 coyotes, and 1 skunk were bioassayed for T. gondii infection in mice or cats. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 5 of 30 (16.7%) raccoons, 6 of 15 (40.0%) coyotes, and the skunk. Genetic characterization of the 12 parasite isolates by multilocus PCR-RFLP markers revealed 6 different genotypes including 5 atypical and 1 archetypal II lineages. The results indicate the prevalence of T. gondii in wildlife mammals is high and that these animals may serve as an important reservoir for transmission of T. gondii. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1645/GE-1245.1 |
| format | Article |
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P ; Sundar, N ; Nolden, C. A ; Samuel, M. D ; Velmurugan, G. V ; Bandini, L. A ; Kwok, O. C H ; Bodenstein, B ; Su, C</creator><creatorcontrib>Dubey, J. P ; Sundar, N ; Nolden, C. A ; Samuel, M. D ; Velmurugan, G. V ; Bandini, L. A ; Kwok, O. C H ; Bodenstein, B ; Su, C</creatorcontrib><description>During 2005–2006, sera and tissues from raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from the state of Wisconsin were tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 32 of 54 (59.2%) raccoons, 18 of 35 (51.4%) coyotes, and 5 of 7 (71.4%) skunks using the modified agglutination test and a cut-off titer of 1:20. Pooled tissues (brains, hearts, and tongues) from 30 raccoons, 15 coyotes, and 1 skunk were bioassayed for T. gondii infection in mice or cats. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 5 of 30 (16.7%) raccoons, 6 of 15 (40.0%) coyotes, and the skunk. Genetic characterization of the 12 parasite isolates by multilocus PCR-RFLP markers revealed 6 different genotypes including 5 atypical and 1 archetypal II lineages. The results indicate the prevalence of T. gondii in wildlife mammals is high and that these animals may serve as an important reservoir for transmission of T. gondii.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3395</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1937-2345</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1645/GE-1245.1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18314705</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JOPAA2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lawrence, KS: American Society of Parasitologists</publisher><subject>Agglutination ; Agglutination Tests - veterinary ; Alleles ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Protozoan - blood ; Bioassays ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological Assay - veterinary ; Canidae ; Canis latrans ; Cats ; Coyotes - parasitology ; Cysts ; DNA, Protozoan - chemistry ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; General aspects and techniques. Study of several systematic groups. Models ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic Markers ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Genotypes ; Invertebrates ; Lymphatic system ; Mammalia ; Marine mammals ; Mephitidae ; Mephitidae - parasitology ; Mephitis mephitis ; Mice ; Parasites ; Parasitology ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Procyon lotor ; Procyonidae ; Protozoa ; Raccoons - parasitology ; RESEARCH NOTES ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Rodents ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Serology ; Skunks ; Toxoplasma - classification ; Toxoplasma - genetics ; Toxoplasma gondii ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal - epidemiology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal - parasitology ; Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution ; Wildlife ; Wisconsin - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>The Journal of parasitology, 2007-12, Vol.93 (6), p.1524-1527</ispartof><rights>American Society of Parasitologists</rights><rights>Copyright 2007 American Society of Parasitologists</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Allen Press Inc. Dec 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b426t-afdff4b4aa48357ab0717962b7b340a8d56063d4674e289714d56abbb6d8ea593</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b426t-afdff4b4aa48357ab0717962b7b340a8d56063d4674e289714d56abbb6d8ea593</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1645/GE-1245.1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbioone$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/40058955$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,26978,27924,27925,52363,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20065599$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18314705$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dubey, J. P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sundar, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nolden, C. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samuel, M. D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velmurugan, G. V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bandini, L. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwok, O. C H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bodenstein, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Su, C</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Raccoons (Procyon lotor), Coyotes (Canis latrans), and Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in Wisconsin Identified Several Atypical Genotypes</title><title>The Journal of parasitology</title><addtitle>J Parasitol</addtitle><description>During 2005–2006, sera and tissues from raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from the state of Wisconsin were tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 32 of 54 (59.2%) raccoons, 18 of 35 (51.4%) coyotes, and 5 of 7 (71.4%) skunks using the modified agglutination test and a cut-off titer of 1:20. Pooled tissues (brains, hearts, and tongues) from 30 raccoons, 15 coyotes, and 1 skunk were bioassayed for T. gondii infection in mice or cats. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 5 of 30 (16.7%) raccoons, 6 of 15 (40.0%) coyotes, and the skunk. Genetic characterization of the 12 parasite isolates by multilocus PCR-RFLP markers revealed 6 different genotypes including 5 atypical and 1 archetypal II lineages. The results indicate the prevalence of T. gondii in wildlife mammals is high and that these animals may serve as an important reservoir for transmission of T. gondii.</description><subject>Agglutination</subject><subject>Agglutination Tests - veterinary</subject><subject>Alleles</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Wild</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Antibodies, Protozoan - blood</subject><subject>Bioassays</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological Assay - veterinary</subject><subject>Canidae</subject><subject>Canis latrans</subject><subject>Cats</subject><subject>Coyotes - parasitology</subject><subject>Cysts</subject><subject>DNA, Protozoan - chemistry</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>General aspects and techniques. Study of several systematic groups. Models</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic Markers</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Lymphatic system</subject><subject>Mammalia</subject><subject>Marine mammals</subject><subject>Mephitidae</subject><subject>Mephitidae - parasitology</subject><subject>Mephitis mephitis</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitology</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length</subject><subject>Procyon lotor</subject><subject>Procyonidae</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Raccoons - parasitology</subject><subject>RESEARCH NOTES</subject><subject>Restriction fragment length polymorphism</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Seroepidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>Skunks</subject><subject>Toxoplasma - classification</subject><subject>Toxoplasma - genetics</subject><subject>Toxoplasma gondii</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis, Animal - epidemiology</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis, Animal - parasitology</subject><subject>Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution</subject><subject>Wildlife</subject><subject>Wisconsin - epidemiology</subject><issn>0022-3395</issn><issn>1937-2345</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFksFu1DAQhiMEokvhwAOALFUUViLFTuw4OVbRslQqAkERx2iSONTbxA62g7q8GK_HRBsViQMcrBl5Pv-e8e8oesroGcu4eLPdxCzh4ozdi1asSGWcpFzcj1aUJkmcpoU4ih55v6OUClwPoyOWp4xLKlbRr_IaHDRBOf0TgraG2I5c2Vs79uAHIN-sabUmnbMD-QRNY63x5NVHZ5s9sr0N1q1fk9LubVBYKMFoT3oIDozHApiWfA5OjwrjzWRukHmvxmsdEBuWZE20IV-1b1Abs4tWmaA7PR9RP5SDnpyH_agbTLbKWMyVfxw96KD36skSj6MvbzdX5bv48sP2ojy_jGueZCGGru06XnMAnqdCQk0lk0WW1LJOOYW8FRnN0pZnkqskLyTjuAN1XWdtrkAU6XF0etAdnf0-KR-qARtVfQ9G2clXkjKWoeB_QYYQo2wGT_4Cd3ZyBoeokkwImohcpkitD1TjrPdOddXo9ABuXzFazaZX2001m14xZJ8vilM9qPYPubiMwIsFAI-v2KE5jfZ3XEIpXlzMwz47cDuPvt7VOf6bvBCzzstDvdb4D9Q_WvoNc93LcQ</recordid><startdate>20071201</startdate><enddate>20071201</enddate><creator>Dubey, J. 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P ; Sundar, N ; Nolden, C. A ; Samuel, M. D ; Velmurugan, G. V ; Bandini, L. A ; Kwok, O. C H ; Bodenstein, B ; Su, C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b426t-afdff4b4aa48357ab0717962b7b340a8d56063d4674e289714d56abbb6d8ea593</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Agglutination</topic><topic>Agglutination Tests - veterinary</topic><topic>Alleles</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Wild</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Antibodies, Protozoan - blood</topic><topic>Bioassays</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biological Assay - veterinary</topic><topic>Canidae</topic><topic>Canis latrans</topic><topic>Cats</topic><topic>Coyotes - parasitology</topic><topic>Cysts</topic><topic>DNA, Protozoan - chemistry</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>General aspects and techniques. Study of several systematic groups. 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P</au><au>Sundar, N</au><au>Nolden, C. A</au><au>Samuel, M. D</au><au>Velmurugan, G. V</au><au>Bandini, L. A</au><au>Kwok, O. C H</au><au>Bodenstein, B</au><au>Su, C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Raccoons (Procyon lotor), Coyotes (Canis latrans), and Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in Wisconsin Identified Several Atypical Genotypes</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of parasitology</jtitle><addtitle>J Parasitol</addtitle><date>2007-12-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>93</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1524</spage><epage>1527</epage><pages>1524-1527</pages><issn>0022-3395</issn><eissn>1937-2345</eissn><coden>JOPAA2</coden><abstract>During 2005–2006, sera and tissues from raccoons (Procyon lotor), coyotes (Canis latrans), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from the state of Wisconsin were tested for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 32 of 54 (59.2%) raccoons, 18 of 35 (51.4%) coyotes, and 5 of 7 (71.4%) skunks using the modified agglutination test and a cut-off titer of 1:20. Pooled tissues (brains, hearts, and tongues) from 30 raccoons, 15 coyotes, and 1 skunk were bioassayed for T. gondii infection in mice or cats. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 5 of 30 (16.7%) raccoons, 6 of 15 (40.0%) coyotes, and the skunk. Genetic characterization of the 12 parasite isolates by multilocus PCR-RFLP markers revealed 6 different genotypes including 5 atypical and 1 archetypal II lineages. The results indicate the prevalence of T. gondii in wildlife mammals is high and that these animals may serve as an important reservoir for transmission of T. gondii.</abstract><cop>Lawrence, KS</cop><pub>American Society of Parasitologists</pub><pmid>18314705</pmid><doi>10.1645/GE-1245.1</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Journal of parasitology, 2007-12, Vol.93 (6), p.1524-1527 |
| issn | 0022-3395 1937-2345 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; BioOne Complete; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
| subjects | Agglutination Agglutination Tests - veterinary Alleles Animals Animals, Wild Antibodies Antibodies, Protozoan - blood Bioassays Biological and medical sciences Biological Assay - veterinary Canidae Canis latrans Cats Coyotes - parasitology Cysts DNA, Protozoan - chemistry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects General aspects and techniques. Study of several systematic groups. Models Genetic diversity Genetic Markers Genetic Variation Genotype Genotypes Invertebrates Lymphatic system Mammalia Marine mammals Mephitidae Mephitidae - parasitology Mephitis mephitis Mice Parasites Parasitology Polymerase chain reaction Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length Procyon lotor Procyonidae Protozoa Raccoons - parasitology RESEARCH NOTES Restriction fragment length polymorphism Rodents Seroepidemiologic Studies Serology Skunks Toxoplasma - classification Toxoplasma - genetics Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis, Animal - epidemiology Toxoplasmosis, Animal - parasitology Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution Wildlife Wisconsin - epidemiology |
| title | Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Raccoons (Procyon lotor), Coyotes (Canis latrans), and Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in Wisconsin Identified Several Atypical Genotypes |
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