Cutaneous innervation of lower eyelid
The loss of skin sensation or numbness after lower blepharoplasty is not uncommon. The aim of this study is to elucidate the infraorbital nerve (ION) and zygomaticofacial nerve (ZFN) in detail. Twenty-one hemifaces of 14 fresh Korean adult cadavers were dissected. Infraorbital nerve and ZFN came out...
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Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2008-11, Vol.19 (6), p.1675-1677 |
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container_title | The Journal of craniofacial surgery |
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creator | Hwang, Kun Nam, Yong Seok Choi, Hyuk Gyu Han, Seung Ho Hwang, Se Ho |
description | The loss of skin sensation or numbness after lower blepharoplasty is not uncommon. The aim of this study is to elucidate the infraorbital nerve (ION) and zygomaticofacial nerve (ZFN) in detail. Twenty-one hemifaces of 14 fresh Korean adult cadavers were dissected. Infraorbital nerve and ZFN came out of infraorbital foramen and zygomaticofacial foramen. They ran along superficial to the periosteum within and beneath the epimysium of the orbicularis oculi muscle and then through orbicularis oculi muscle perpendicularly and distributed to the skin. The distal branch approached to the lower border of the tarsal plate. Most terminal branches (93.8%) of ION were distributed medial to the lateral canthus. Only a few branches (6.2%) were lateral to the lateral canthus. Most (99.4%) terminal branches of ZFN were distributed lateral to the lateral canthus. Very few (0.6%) branches were medial to the lateral canthus. We conclude that the skin-muscle flap infringes less than the skin flap on the terminal branches of ION and ZFN in exposure of the orbital floor as well as in lower blepharoplasty. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1097/SCS.0b013e31818c0495 |
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The aim of this study is to elucidate the infraorbital nerve (ION) and zygomaticofacial nerve (ZFN) in detail. Twenty-one hemifaces of 14 fresh Korean adult cadavers were dissected. Infraorbital nerve and ZFN came out of infraorbital foramen and zygomaticofacial foramen. They ran along superficial to the periosteum within and beneath the epimysium of the orbicularis oculi muscle and then through orbicularis oculi muscle perpendicularly and distributed to the skin. The distal branch approached to the lower border of the tarsal plate. Most terminal branches (93.8%) of ION were distributed medial to the lateral canthus. Only a few branches (6.2%) were lateral to the lateral canthus. Most (99.4%) terminal branches of ZFN were distributed lateral to the lateral canthus. Very few (0.6%) branches were medial to the lateral canthus. 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The aim of this study is to elucidate the infraorbital nerve (ION) and zygomaticofacial nerve (ZFN) in detail. Twenty-one hemifaces of 14 fresh Korean adult cadavers were dissected. Infraorbital nerve and ZFN came out of infraorbital foramen and zygomaticofacial foramen. They ran along superficial to the periosteum within and beneath the epimysium of the orbicularis oculi muscle and then through orbicularis oculi muscle perpendicularly and distributed to the skin. The distal branch approached to the lower border of the tarsal plate. Most terminal branches (93.8%) of ION were distributed medial to the lateral canthus. Only a few branches (6.2%) were lateral to the lateral canthus. Most (99.4%) terminal branches of ZFN were distributed lateral to the lateral canthus. Very few (0.6%) branches were medial to the lateral canthus. We conclude that the skin-muscle flap infringes less than the skin flap on the terminal branches of ION and ZFN in exposure of the orbital floor as well as in lower blepharoplasty.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Cadaver</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Eyelids - innervation</subject><subject>Facial Muscles - innervation</subject><subject>Facial Nerve - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Orbit - innervation</subject><subject>Periosteum - innervation</subject><subject>Skin - innervation</subject><subject>Zygoma - innervation</subject><issn>1049-2275</issn><issn>1536-3732</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkE1LxDAQhoMo7rr6D0R60VvXSdJ8HaWsH7DgYfUcknYKlW67Jq2y_95KC4KnGYb3eRkeQq4prCkYdb_Ld2vwQDlyqqkuIDPihCyp4DLlirPTcR9vKWNKLMhFjB8AjFImz8mCGjBaKLMkt_nQuxa7ISZ122L4cn3dtUlXJU33jSHBIzZ1eUnOKtdEvJrnirw_bt7y53T7-vSSP2zTgoPoU6-0qCpAybXyUhvHKAjOC4-l05JKmUnPONPcGECHLKuoYCXzUjolmS75itxNvYfQfQ4Ye7uvY4FNM71o5QhqpWEMZlOwCF2MASt7CPXehaOlYH_12FGP_a9nxG7m_sHvsfyDZh_8B7KEX6Y</recordid><startdate>20081101</startdate><enddate>20081101</enddate><creator>Hwang, Kun</creator><creator>Nam, Yong Seok</creator><creator>Choi, Hyuk Gyu</creator><creator>Han, Seung Ho</creator><creator>Hwang, Se Ho</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20081101</creationdate><title>Cutaneous innervation of lower eyelid</title><author>Hwang, Kun ; Nam, Yong Seok ; Choi, Hyuk Gyu ; Han, Seung Ho ; Hwang, Se Ho</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c305t-b785ff0e6387b689a210533cbeda8616646b23283990eae24f152d2b66a7628d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Cadaver</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Eyelids - innervation</topic><topic>Facial Muscles - innervation</topic><topic>Facial Nerve - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Orbit - innervation</topic><topic>Periosteum - innervation</topic><topic>Skin - innervation</topic><topic>Zygoma - innervation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Kun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nam, Yong Seok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Hyuk Gyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Seung Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, Se Ho</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Journal of craniofacial surgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hwang, Kun</au><au>Nam, Yong Seok</au><au>Choi, Hyuk Gyu</au><au>Han, Seung Ho</au><au>Hwang, Se Ho</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cutaneous innervation of lower eyelid</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of craniofacial surgery</jtitle><addtitle>J Craniofac Surg</addtitle><date>2008-11-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1675</spage><epage>1677</epage><pages>1675-1677</pages><issn>1049-2275</issn><eissn>1536-3732</eissn><abstract>The loss of skin sensation or numbness after lower blepharoplasty is not uncommon. The aim of this study is to elucidate the infraorbital nerve (ION) and zygomaticofacial nerve (ZFN) in detail. Twenty-one hemifaces of 14 fresh Korean adult cadavers were dissected. Infraorbital nerve and ZFN came out of infraorbital foramen and zygomaticofacial foramen. They ran along superficial to the periosteum within and beneath the epimysium of the orbicularis oculi muscle and then through orbicularis oculi muscle perpendicularly and distributed to the skin. The distal branch approached to the lower border of the tarsal plate. Most terminal branches (93.8%) of ION were distributed medial to the lateral canthus. Only a few branches (6.2%) were lateral to the lateral canthus. Most (99.4%) terminal branches of ZFN were distributed lateral to the lateral canthus. Very few (0.6%) branches were medial to the lateral canthus. We conclude that the skin-muscle flap infringes less than the skin flap on the terminal branches of ION and ZFN in exposure of the orbital floor as well as in lower blepharoplasty.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>19098579</pmid><doi>10.1097/SCS.0b013e31818c0495</doi><tpages>3</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Cadaver Dentistry Eyelids - innervation Facial Muscles - innervation Facial Nerve - anatomy & histology Female Humans Male Middle Aged Orbit - innervation Periosteum - innervation Skin - innervation Zygoma - innervation |
title | Cutaneous innervation of lower eyelid |
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