Smoking and smoking cessation—The relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: A review
Abstract Cigarette smoking is generally accepted as the most preventable cause of death in the United States today. Individuals who smoke experience a wide range of physiologic side effects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including insulin resistance, elevated catecholamine l...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Atherosclerosis 2008-12, Vol.201 (2), p.225-235 |
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| creator | Campbell, Sara Chelland Moffatt, Robert J Stamford, Bryant A |
| description | Abstract Cigarette smoking is generally accepted as the most preventable cause of death in the United States today. Individuals who smoke experience a wide range of physiologic side effects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including insulin resistance, elevated catecholamine levels which contribute to an elevated heart rate and blood pressure, and hypercholesterolemia. The link between hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease has been extensively researched and is undeniable. What is more, this link is strengthened in smokers as cigarette smoking is known to increase total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while acting to decrease the cardio-protective high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Alterations in the enzymes that control lipid transport may be a key underlying mechanism contributing to these health destroying effects. This review examines the current literature related to: (1) smoking, lipoproteins, and lipid-related enzymes; (2) the impact of nicotine, carbon monoxide and free radicals on physiologic parameters related to health; and (3) metabolic issues involving smoking cessation and nicotine replacement therapy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.046 |
| format | Article |
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Individuals who smoke experience a wide range of physiologic side effects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including insulin resistance, elevated catecholamine levels which contribute to an elevated heart rate and blood pressure, and hypercholesterolemia. The link between hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease has been extensively researched and is undeniable. What is more, this link is strengthened in smokers as cigarette smoking is known to increase total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while acting to decrease the cardio-protective high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Alterations in the enzymes that control lipid transport may be a key underlying mechanism contributing to these health destroying effects. This review examines the current literature related to: (1) smoking, lipoproteins, and lipid-related enzymes; (2) the impact of nicotine, carbon monoxide and free radicals on physiologic parameters related to health; and (3) metabolic issues involving smoking cessation and nicotine replacement therapy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9150</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1484</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.046</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18565528</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier Ireland Ltd</publisher><subject>Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research) ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood and lymphatic vessels ; Carbon monoxide ; Carbon Monoxide - chemistry ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Cardiovascular ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control ; Cigarette smoking ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Lipid-transport enzymes ; Lipids ; Lipids - chemistry ; Lipoproteins ; Lipoproteins - metabolism ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Metabolism ; Neuropharmacology ; Nicotine ; Nicotine - metabolism ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer ; Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease) ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. 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Individuals who smoke experience a wide range of physiologic side effects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including insulin resistance, elevated catecholamine levels which contribute to an elevated heart rate and blood pressure, and hypercholesterolemia. The link between hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease has been extensively researched and is undeniable. What is more, this link is strengthened in smokers as cigarette smoking is known to increase total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while acting to decrease the cardio-protective high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Alterations in the enzymes that control lipid transport may be a key underlying mechanism contributing to these health destroying effects. This review examines the current literature related to: (1) smoking, lipoproteins, and lipid-related enzymes; (2) the impact of nicotine, carbon monoxide and free radicals on physiologic parameters related to health; and (3) metabolic issues involving smoking cessation and nicotine replacement therapy.</description><subject>Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research)</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood and lymphatic vessels</subject><subject>Carbon monoxide</subject><subject>Carbon Monoxide - chemistry</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control</subject><subject>Cigarette smoking</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lipid-transport enzymes</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lipids - chemistry</subject><subject>Lipoproteins</subject><subject>Lipoproteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Neuropharmacology</subject><subject>Nicotine</subject><subject>Nicotine - metabolism</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer</subject><subject>Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease)</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopharmacology</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Smoking - adverse effects</subject><subject>Smoking Cessation - methods</subject><issn>0021-9150</issn><issn>1879-1484</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkt1qFDEUx4Modlt9BZmbejdrksnXCAql2CoUvGi9DpnMGTfbTLImsy298yF8Qp_ETHdE6JVwyBf_8z8nPw5CpwSvCSbi3XZtpg2kmK2fV5fXFGO1xqyEeIZWRMm2Jkyx52iFMSV1Szg-Qsc5bzHGTBL1Eh0RxQXnVK3QdD3GWxe-Vyb0VV7OFnI2k4vh989fNxuoEvjHa964XdXBdA8QKmtS7-KdyXbvTap6l8FkePTxbhd3KU7gQjXCZLroXR7fV2fF6c7B_Sv0YjA-w-tlP0HfLj7dnH-ur75efjk_u6otb9RUi0aSVoqhkeXjDW8FpdYyq0zPKKcdGWin-q48coG5tU35rTRGKiUIV8Tw5gS9PfiWZn7sIU96dNmC9yZA3GctWsWkYqwIPxyEtiDNCQa9S2406UETrGfsequfYNczdo1ZCVHy3yyF9t0I_b_shXMRnC6Cwsv4IZlgi8dfHcWtlKLBRXd50EHBUlAlna2DYKF3Ceyk--j-u6WPT5ysd8GV4rfwAHkb9ykU9proTDXW1_OszKOCFcYNbVXzB-Lnwfw</recordid><startdate>20081201</startdate><enddate>20081201</enddate><creator>Campbell, Sara Chelland</creator><creator>Moffatt, Robert J</creator><creator>Stamford, Bryant A</creator><general>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20081201</creationdate><title>Smoking and smoking cessation—The relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: A review</title><author>Campbell, Sara Chelland ; Moffatt, Robert J ; Stamford, Bryant A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c538t-6371976f37016359622cc4c8ad4252b1f2b8db22c5605cc30217aa78861581a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research)</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood and lymphatic vessels</topic><topic>Carbon monoxide</topic><topic>Carbon Monoxide - chemistry</topic><topic>Cardiology. 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Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopharmacology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Smoking - adverse effects</topic><topic>Smoking Cessation - methods</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Campbell, Sara Chelland</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moffatt, Robert J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stamford, Bryant A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Atherosclerosis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Campbell, Sara Chelland</au><au>Moffatt, Robert J</au><au>Stamford, Bryant A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Smoking and smoking cessation—The relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: A review</atitle><jtitle>Atherosclerosis</jtitle><addtitle>Atherosclerosis</addtitle><date>2008-12-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>201</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>225</spage><epage>235</epage><pages>225-235</pages><issn>0021-9150</issn><eissn>1879-1484</eissn><abstract>Abstract Cigarette smoking is generally accepted as the most preventable cause of death in the United States today. Individuals who smoke experience a wide range of physiologic side effects that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including insulin resistance, elevated catecholamine levels which contribute to an elevated heart rate and blood pressure, and hypercholesterolemia. The link between hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease has been extensively researched and is undeniable. What is more, this link is strengthened in smokers as cigarette smoking is known to increase total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while acting to decrease the cardio-protective high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Alterations in the enzymes that control lipid transport may be a key underlying mechanism contributing to these health destroying effects. This review examines the current literature related to: (1) smoking, lipoproteins, and lipid-related enzymes; (2) the impact of nicotine, carbon monoxide and free radicals on physiologic parameters related to health; and (3) metabolic issues involving smoking cessation and nicotine replacement therapy.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</pub><pmid>18565528</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.046</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research) Biological and medical sciences Blood and lymphatic vessels Carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide - chemistry Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiovascular Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular Diseases - blood Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control Cigarette smoking Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Humans Lipid-transport enzymes Lipids Lipids - chemistry Lipoproteins Lipoproteins - metabolism Male Medical sciences Metabolism Neuropharmacology Nicotine Nicotine - metabolism Pharmacology. Drug treatments Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease) Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Risk Factors Smoking - adverse effects Smoking Cessation - methods |
| title | Smoking and smoking cessation—The relationship between cardiovascular disease and lipoprotein metabolism: A review |
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