Age and Gender Diversity as Determinants of Performance and Health in a Public Organization: The Role of Task Complexity and Group Size
The influence of age and gender composition on group performance and self-reported health disorders was examined with data from 4,538 federal tax employees working in 222 natural work unit groups. As hypothesized, age diversity correlated positively with performance only in groups solving complex de...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied psychology 2008-11, Vol.93 (6), p.1301-1313 |
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| container_title | Journal of applied psychology |
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| creator | Wegge, Jürgen Roth, Carla Neubach, Barbara Schmidt, Klaus-Helmut Kanfer, Ruth |
| description | The influence of age and gender composition on group performance and self-reported health disorders was examined with data from 4,538 federal tax employees working in 222 natural work unit groups. As hypothesized, age diversity correlated positively with performance only in groups solving complex decision-making tasks, and this finding was replicated when analyzing performance data collected 1 year later. Age diversity was also positively correlated with health disorders-but only in groups working on routine decision-making tasks. Gender composition also had a significant effect on group performance, such that groups with a high proportion of female employees performed worse and reported more health disorders than did gender-diverse teams. As expected, effects of gender composition were most pronounced in large groups. Effects of age diversity were found when controlling for gender diversity and vice versa. Thus, age and gender diversity seem to play a unique role in performance and well-being. The moderating role of task complexity for both effects of age diversity and the moderating role of group size for both effects of gender diversity further suggest that the impact of these 2 variables depends on different group processes (e.g., knowledge exchange, variation in gender salience). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/a0012680 |
| format | Article |
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As hypothesized, age diversity correlated positively with performance only in groups solving complex decision-making tasks, and this finding was replicated when analyzing performance data collected 1 year later. Age diversity was also positively correlated with health disorders-but only in groups working on routine decision-making tasks. Gender composition also had a significant effect on group performance, such that groups with a high proportion of female employees performed worse and reported more health disorders than did gender-diverse teams. As expected, effects of gender composition were most pronounced in large groups. Effects of age diversity were found when controlling for gender diversity and vice versa. Thus, age and gender diversity seem to play a unique role in performance and well-being. The moderating role of task complexity for both effects of age diversity and the moderating role of group size for both effects of gender diversity further suggest that the impact of these 2 variables depends on different group processes (e.g., knowledge exchange, variation in gender salience).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-9010</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-1854</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/a0012680</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19025249</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAPGBP</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age ; Age Differences ; Biological and medical sciences ; Correlation analysis ; Cultural Diversity ; Decision making ; Diversity ; Employee Performance Appraisal ; Female ; Firm theory ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gender ; Gender Diversity ; Group Performance ; Group Processes ; Health ; Health Status ; Human ; Human Sex Differences ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational psychology ; Organization theory ; Organizational behavior ; Organizational Culture ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Public Sector ; Public sphere ; Self-Report ; Studies ; Task Complexity ; Teamwork ; Work condition. Job performance. 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As hypothesized, age diversity correlated positively with performance only in groups solving complex decision-making tasks, and this finding was replicated when analyzing performance data collected 1 year later. Age diversity was also positively correlated with health disorders-but only in groups working on routine decision-making tasks. Gender composition also had a significant effect on group performance, such that groups with a high proportion of female employees performed worse and reported more health disorders than did gender-diverse teams. As expected, effects of gender composition were most pronounced in large groups. Effects of age diversity were found when controlling for gender diversity and vice versa. Thus, age and gender diversity seem to play a unique role in performance and well-being. The moderating role of task complexity for both effects of age diversity and the moderating role of group size for both effects of gender diversity further suggest that the impact of these 2 variables depends on different group processes (e.g., knowledge exchange, variation in gender salience).</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Differences</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Cultural Diversity</subject><subject>Decision making</subject><subject>Diversity</subject><subject>Employee Performance Appraisal</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Firm theory</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Gender Diversity</subject><subject>Group Performance</subject><subject>Group Processes</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Health Status</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Human Sex Differences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Occupational psychology</subject><subject>Organization theory</subject><subject>Organizational behavior</subject><subject>Organizational Culture</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Public Sector</subject><subject>Public sphere</subject><subject>Self-Report</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Task Complexity</subject><subject>Teamwork</subject><subject>Work condition. Job performance. 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As hypothesized, age diversity correlated positively with performance only in groups solving complex decision-making tasks, and this finding was replicated when analyzing performance data collected 1 year later. Age diversity was also positively correlated with health disorders-but only in groups working on routine decision-making tasks. Gender composition also had a significant effect on group performance, such that groups with a high proportion of female employees performed worse and reported more health disorders than did gender-diverse teams. As expected, effects of gender composition were most pronounced in large groups. Effects of age diversity were found when controlling for gender diversity and vice versa. Thus, age and gender diversity seem to play a unique role in performance and well-being. 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| subjects | Adult Age Age Differences Biological and medical sciences Correlation analysis Cultural Diversity Decision making Diversity Employee Performance Appraisal Female Firm theory Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gender Gender Diversity Group Performance Group Processes Health Health Status Human Human Sex Differences Humans Male Middle Aged Occupational psychology Organization theory Organizational behavior Organizational Culture Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Public Sector Public sphere Self-Report Studies Task Complexity Teamwork Work condition. Job performance. Stress Workplace diversity |
| title | Age and Gender Diversity as Determinants of Performance and Health in a Public Organization: The Role of Task Complexity and Group Size |
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