Laser Activation of Endodontic Irrigants with Improved Conical Laser Fiber Tips for Removing Smear Layer in the Apical Third of the Root Canal

Abstract With a tube etching process, conical-ended optical fibers for middle infrared lasers that have lateral emissions can be produced, a feature of benefit for delivering laser energy onto the root canal walls. This study examined the ability of these improved laser tips when Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YS...

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