Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of pleural infections in adults

Summary Background Intrapleural recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA) has been successfully evaluated in pediatric patients with complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion (CPE) and pleural empyema (PE). Yet, there is no data concerning r-TPA in adults with CPE/PE. The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy and complications of r-TPA in adult patients with CPE/PE. Methods Twenty consecutive patients (mean age 50 ± 18.9 years) with pleural infection (14 CPE and 6 PE) were included. Chest tube was inserted under guidance of chest ultrasound and/or computed tomography. After failure of pleural fluid drainage, 25 mg of r-TPA was administered intrapleurally in a single daily dose. The evaluation was made according to imaging and clinical status. Results The mean volume of fluid increased significantly after r-TPA administration ( p < 0.0001). White blood cells count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly improved after r-TPA instillations (both p < 0.0001). Significant clinical and imaging improvement was noted in all but one patient after r-TPA administration (overall p < 0.0001). Complications observed were mild: pain in 4 (25%) and local bleeding in 3 (15%) patients. The median number of r-TPA instillations was 3 (range 2–5). Conclusion Intrapleural instillation of r-TPA at a dose of 25 mg is a well-tolerated and effective treatment in 95% of our adult patients with CPE/PE.