Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of proteins associated with somatic embryogenesis development in Cupressus sempervirens L

Two‐dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis and histological studies were performed on somatic embryos in cypress. Embryogenic cultures were obtained from in vitro culture of immature seeds. On a modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium they showed an intense and repetitive cleavage polyembryogenesis phenomenon which maintained them in a continuous proliferating status instead of undergoing a complete embryogenic development. Only the addition of bovine serum albumin to the culture allowed somatic embryo development and maturation. Major histological differences were noticed between developing and nondeveloping embryogenic cultures. Attempts to find proteins that could be associated with developmental stages of somatic embryos have been achieved. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis from nondeveloping embryogenic cultures (S0) and from embryogenic cultures at three different stages of somatic embryo development: small size and rounded shape embryos (S1), increased size embryos with a well‐developed suspensor (S2) and embryos with two well‐separated cotyledons (S3). The results revealed some qualitative and quantitative protein variations between the two cultures. Some could be connected with the induction of pro‐embryo differentiation whereas others should be more related to the mechanisms involved in somatic embryo development and maturation. Specific polypeptides associated with the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the medium have been detected.