Developmental sex differences in amino acid neurotransmitter levels in hypothalamic and limbic areas of rat brain
GABA, glutamate and aspartate are the predominant amino acid neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain. We have previously reported a developmental sex difference in messenger RNA levels of glutamate decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GABA synthesis [Davis A. M. et al. (1996) Horm. Behav. 30,...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Neuroscience 1999-01, Vol.90 (4), p.1471-1482 |
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| creator | Davis, A.M. Ward, S.C. Selmanoff, M. Herbison, A.E. McCarthy, M.M. |
| description | GABA, glutamate and aspartate are the predominant amino acid neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain. We have previously reported a developmental sex difference in messenger RNA levels of glutamate decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GABA synthesis [Davis A. M.
et al. (1996)
Horm. Behav.
30, 538–552]. Males were found to have significantly higher levels of messenger RNA in many steroid-concentrating regions of the hypothalamus and limbic system on day 1 of life. Therefore, in this study, we have examined levels of amino acid neurotransmitters during early postnatal development in many of the same or related brain areas. We found that levels of all three transmitters change as animals age. While both GABA and aspartate concentrations increase, glutamate levels decrease. In addition, there are sex differences in neurotransmitter levels in several areas examined, including the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, and the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Sex differences for GABA occur only on postnatal days 1 and 5. However, sex differences in aspartate occur later in development (postnatal day 20). The CA1 region of males has a significantly greater concentration of GABA, glutamate and aspartate than females on postnatal day 1. In addition, treatment of females with testosterone propionate on the day of birth results in increased GABA levels, suggesting that these sex differences may be the result of hormone exposure during development.
We hypothesize that these hormonally mediated sex differences in amino acid transmitters early in development contribute to the establishment of sexually dimorphic neuronal architecture in the adult. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00511-9 |
| format | Article |
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et al. (1996)
Horm. Behav.
30, 538–552]. Males were found to have significantly higher levels of messenger RNA in many steroid-concentrating regions of the hypothalamus and limbic system on day 1 of life. Therefore, in this study, we have examined levels of amino acid neurotransmitters during early postnatal development in many of the same or related brain areas. We found that levels of all three transmitters change as animals age. While both GABA and aspartate concentrations increase, glutamate levels decrease. In addition, there are sex differences in neurotransmitter levels in several areas examined, including the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, and the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Sex differences for GABA occur only on postnatal days 1 and 5. However, sex differences in aspartate occur later in development (postnatal day 20). The CA1 region of males has a significantly greater concentration of GABA, glutamate and aspartate than females on postnatal day 1. In addition, treatment of females with testosterone propionate on the day of birth results in increased GABA levels, suggesting that these sex differences may be the result of hormone exposure during development.
We hypothesize that these hormonally mediated sex differences in amino acid transmitters early in development contribute to the establishment of sexually dimorphic neuronal architecture in the adult.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0306-4522</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7544</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00511-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10338313</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NRSCDN</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Aging - metabolism ; Amino Acids - metabolism ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn - growth & development ; Animals, Newborn - metabolism ; arcuate nucleus ; Aspartic Acid - metabolism ; Biological and medical sciences ; Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; GABA ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism ; glutamate ; Glutamic Acid - metabolism ; Hypothalamus - metabolism ; Limbic System - metabolism ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sex Characteristics ; sexual differentiation ; testosterone ; Testosterone - pharmacology ; ventromedial nucleus ; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><ispartof>Neuroscience, 1999-01, Vol.90 (4), p.1471-1482</ispartof><rights>1999 IBRO</rights><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c473t-e413594e5274e36a7af2db34db10ee2b9cfe6404d9f03c815e4011e661da08e73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c473t-e413594e5274e36a7af2db34db10ee2b9cfe6404d9f03c815e4011e661da08e73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452298005119$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1752656$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10338313$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Davis, A.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, S.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selmanoff, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herbison, A.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCarthy, M.M.</creatorcontrib><title>Developmental sex differences in amino acid neurotransmitter levels in hypothalamic and limbic areas of rat brain</title><title>Neuroscience</title><addtitle>Neuroscience</addtitle><description>GABA, glutamate and aspartate are the predominant amino acid neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain. We have previously reported a developmental sex difference in messenger RNA levels of glutamate decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GABA synthesis [Davis A. M.
et al. (1996)
Horm. Behav.
30, 538–552]. Males were found to have significantly higher levels of messenger RNA in many steroid-concentrating regions of the hypothalamus and limbic system on day 1 of life. Therefore, in this study, we have examined levels of amino acid neurotransmitters during early postnatal development in many of the same or related brain areas. We found that levels of all three transmitters change as animals age. While both GABA and aspartate concentrations increase, glutamate levels decrease. In addition, there are sex differences in neurotransmitter levels in several areas examined, including the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, and the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Sex differences for GABA occur only on postnatal days 1 and 5. However, sex differences in aspartate occur later in development (postnatal day 20). The CA1 region of males has a significantly greater concentration of GABA, glutamate and aspartate than females on postnatal day 1. In addition, treatment of females with testosterone propionate on the day of birth results in increased GABA levels, suggesting that these sex differences may be the result of hormone exposure during development.
We hypothesize that these hormonally mediated sex differences in amino acid transmitters early in development contribute to the establishment of sexually dimorphic neuronal architecture in the adult.</description><subject>Aging - metabolism</subject><subject>Amino Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Animals, Newborn - growth & development</subject><subject>Animals, Newborn - metabolism</subject><subject>arcuate nucleus</subject><subject>Aspartic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>GABA</subject><subject>gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>glutamate</subject><subject>Glutamic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Hypothalamus - metabolism</subject><subject>Limbic System - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>sexual differentiation</subject><subject>testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - pharmacology</subject><subject>ventromedial nucleus</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><issn>0306-4522</issn><issn>1873-7544</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0U1vFSEUBmBibOy1-hM0LIzRxVQYvoZVY-pHmzRxoa4JA4cUwzC3wG3sv3fm3ht1VzaweA7n5LwIvaLknBIqP3wnjMiOi75_p4f3hAhKO_0EbeigWKcE50_R5i85Rc9r_UWWIzh7hk4pYWxglG3Q3Se4hzRvJ8jNJlzhN_YxBCiQHVQcM7ZTzDO2LnqcYVfmVmyuU2wNCk5r8V7dPmzndmvToh222eMUp3F9FrAVzwEX2_BYbMwv0EmwqcLL432Gfn75_OPyqrv59vX68uNN57hirQNOmdAcRK84MGmVDb0fGfcjJQD9qF0AyQn3OhDmBiqAE0pBSuotGUCxM_T28O-2zHc7qM1MsTpIyWaYd9VIrRRRXD8KqRJKU00XKA7QlbnWAsFsS5xseTCUmDUUsw_FrBs3ejD7UMza4PWxwW6cwP9XdUhhAW-OwFZnU1g27GL955TopZALuziwZedwH6GY6uKak48FXDN-jo9M8gcaOanb</recordid><startdate>19990101</startdate><enddate>19990101</enddate><creator>Davis, A.M.</creator><creator>Ward, S.C.</creator><creator>Selmanoff, M.</creator><creator>Herbison, A.E.</creator><creator>McCarthy, M.M.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19990101</creationdate><title>Developmental sex differences in amino acid neurotransmitter levels in hypothalamic and limbic areas of rat brain</title><author>Davis, A.M. ; Ward, S.C. ; Selmanoff, M. ; Herbison, A.E. ; McCarthy, M.M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c473t-e413594e5274e36a7af2db34db10ee2b9cfe6404d9f03c815e4011e661da08e73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Aging - metabolism</topic><topic>Amino Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Animals, Newborn - growth & development</topic><topic>Animals, Newborn - metabolism</topic><topic>arcuate nucleus</topic><topic>Aspartic Acid - metabolism</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>GABA</topic><topic>gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism</topic><topic>glutamate</topic><topic>Glutamic Acid - metabolism</topic><topic>Hypothalamus - metabolism</topic><topic>Limbic System - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>sexual differentiation</topic><topic>testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - pharmacology</topic><topic>ventromedial nucleus</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Davis, A.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, S.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selmanoff, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herbison, A.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCarthy, M.M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neuroscience</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Davis, A.M.</au><au>Ward, S.C.</au><au>Selmanoff, M.</au><au>Herbison, A.E.</au><au>McCarthy, M.M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Developmental sex differences in amino acid neurotransmitter levels in hypothalamic and limbic areas of rat brain</atitle><jtitle>Neuroscience</jtitle><addtitle>Neuroscience</addtitle><date>1999-01-01</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1471</spage><epage>1482</epage><pages>1471-1482</pages><issn>0306-4522</issn><eissn>1873-7544</eissn><coden>NRSCDN</coden><abstract>GABA, glutamate and aspartate are the predominant amino acid neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain. We have previously reported a developmental sex difference in messenger RNA levels of glutamate decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GABA synthesis [Davis A. M.
et al. (1996)
Horm. Behav.
30, 538–552]. Males were found to have significantly higher levels of messenger RNA in many steroid-concentrating regions of the hypothalamus and limbic system on day 1 of life. Therefore, in this study, we have examined levels of amino acid neurotransmitters during early postnatal development in many of the same or related brain areas. We found that levels of all three transmitters change as animals age. While both GABA and aspartate concentrations increase, glutamate levels decrease. In addition, there are sex differences in neurotransmitter levels in several areas examined, including the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, and the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Sex differences for GABA occur only on postnatal days 1 and 5. However, sex differences in aspartate occur later in development (postnatal day 20). The CA1 region of males has a significantly greater concentration of GABA, glutamate and aspartate than females on postnatal day 1. In addition, treatment of females with testosterone propionate on the day of birth results in increased GABA levels, suggesting that these sex differences may be the result of hormone exposure during development.
We hypothesize that these hormonally mediated sex differences in amino acid transmitters early in development contribute to the establishment of sexually dimorphic neuronal architecture in the adult.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>10338313</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0306-4522(98)00511-9</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aging - metabolism Amino Acids - metabolism Animals Animals, Newborn - growth & development Animals, Newborn - metabolism arcuate nucleus Aspartic Acid - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Development. Senescence. Regeneration. Transplantation Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology GABA gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism glutamate Glutamic Acid - metabolism Hypothalamus - metabolism Limbic System - metabolism Male Neurotransmitter Agents - metabolism Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Sex Characteristics sexual differentiation testosterone Testosterone - pharmacology ventromedial nucleus Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs |
| title | Developmental sex differences in amino acid neurotransmitter levels in hypothalamic and limbic areas of rat brain |
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