Effect of frequency and amount of rumen-degradable intake protein supplementation on urea kinetics and microbial use of recycled urea in steers consuming low-quality forage
We evaluated the effect of frequency and amount of rumen-degradable intake protein (DIP) on urea kinetics in steers consuming prairie hay. Five ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (366 kg of BW) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square and provided ad libitum access to low-quality prairie hay (4.7%...
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| creator | Wickersham, T.A Titgemeyer, E.C Cochran, R.C Wickersham, E.E Moore, E.S |
| description | We evaluated the effect of frequency and amount of rumen-degradable intake protein (DIP) on urea kinetics in steers consuming prairie hay. Five ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (366 kg of BW) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square and provided ad libitum access to low-quality prairie hay (4.7% CP). Casein was provided daily in amounts of 61 and 183 mg of N/kg of BW (61/d and 183/d) and every third day in amounts of 61, 183, and 549 mg of N/kg of BW per supplementation event (61/3d, 183/3d, and 549/3d). Periods were 18-d long with 9 d for adaptation and 9 d for collection. Steers were in metabolism crates for total collection of urine and feces. Jugular infusion of ¹⁵N¹⁵N-urea followed by determination of urinary enrichment of ¹⁵N¹⁵N-urea and ¹⁴N¹⁵N-urea was used to determine urea kinetics. Treatment means were separated to evaluate the effects of increasing DIP supplementation and the effects of frequency at the low (61/d vs. 183/3d) and at the high (183/d vs. 549/3d) amounts of DIP provision. Forage OM and total digestible OM intakes were linearly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) increased by increasing DIP provision but were not affected by frequency of supplementation at either the low or high amounts. Production and gut entry of urea linearly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.006) increased with DIP provision and tended to be greater (P [less-than or equal to] 0.07) for 549/3d than 183/d but were not different between 61/d and 183/3d. Microbial N flow to the duodenum was linearly (P < 0.001) increased by increasing DIP provision. Additionally, 183/d resulted in greater (P = 0.05) microbial N flow than 549/3d. Incorporation of recycled urea-N into microbial N linearly (P = 0.04) increased with increasing DIP. Microbial incorporation of recycled urea-N was greater for 549/3d than 183/d, with 42 and 23% of microbial N coming from recycled urea-N, respectively. In contrast, there was no difference due to frequency in the incorporation of recycled urea-N by ruminal microbes at the low level of supplementation (i.e., 61/d vs. 183/3d). This study demonstrates that urea recycling plays a substantial role in the N supply to the rumen and to the animal, particularly in steers supplemented infrequently with high levels of protein. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2527/jas.2007-0326 |
| format | Article |
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Five ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (366 kg of BW) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square and provided ad libitum access to low-quality prairie hay (4.7% CP). Casein was provided daily in amounts of 61 and 183 mg of N/kg of BW (61/d and 183/d) and every third day in amounts of 61, 183, and 549 mg of N/kg of BW per supplementation event (61/3d, 183/3d, and 549/3d). Periods were 18-d long with 9 d for adaptation and 9 d for collection. Steers were in metabolism crates for total collection of urine and feces. Jugular infusion of ¹⁵N¹⁵N-urea followed by determination of urinary enrichment of ¹⁵N¹⁵N-urea and ¹⁴N¹⁵N-urea was used to determine urea kinetics. Treatment means were separated to evaluate the effects of increasing DIP supplementation and the effects of frequency at the low (61/d vs. 183/3d) and at the high (183/d vs. 549/3d) amounts of DIP provision. Forage OM and total digestible OM intakes were linearly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) increased by increasing DIP provision but were not affected by frequency of supplementation at either the low or high amounts. Production and gut entry of urea linearly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.006) increased with DIP provision and tended to be greater (P [less-than or equal to] 0.07) for 549/3d than 183/d but were not different between 61/d and 183/3d. Microbial N flow to the duodenum was linearly (P < 0.001) increased by increasing DIP provision. Additionally, 183/d resulted in greater (P = 0.05) microbial N flow than 549/3d. Incorporation of recycled urea-N into microbial N linearly (P = 0.04) increased with increasing DIP. Microbial incorporation of recycled urea-N was greater for 549/3d than 183/d, with 42 and 23% of microbial N coming from recycled urea-N, respectively. In contrast, there was no difference due to frequency in the incorporation of recycled urea-N by ruminal microbes at the low level of supplementation (i.e., 61/d vs. 183/3d). This study demonstrates that urea recycling plays a substantial role in the N supply to the rumen and to the animal, particularly in steers supplemented infrequently with high levels of protein.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0326</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18539827</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Savoy, IL: American Society of Animal Science</publisher><subject>ad libitum feeding ; Ammonia - metabolism ; Ammonia - urine ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animal productions ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Cattle - metabolism ; cattle feeding ; dietary protein ; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage ; Dietary Proteins - metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; digestible protein ; Digestion - physiology ; Duodenum - metabolism ; Duodenum - microbiology ; Eating - physiology ; Feed and pet food industries ; feed supplements ; Fermentation - physiology ; Food industries ; forage quality ; frequency ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; hay ; low-quality forage ; Male ; metabolic studies ; microbial activity ; Nitrogen - metabolism ; Poaceae - metabolism ; prairie hay ; protein intake ; recycled urea nitrogen ; Rumen - metabolism ; Rumen - microbiology ; rumen fermentation ; ruminant nutrition ; steers ; Terrestrial animal productions ; Time Factors ; Urea - metabolism ; Urea - urine ; urea nitrogen ; Vertebrates</subject><ispartof>Journal of animal science, 2008-11, Vol.86 (11), p.3089-3099</ispartof><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27907,27908</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20825314$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18539827$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wickersham, T.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Titgemeyer, E.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cochran, R.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wickersham, E.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, E.S</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of frequency and amount of rumen-degradable intake protein supplementation on urea kinetics and microbial use of recycled urea in steers consuming low-quality forage</title><title>Journal of animal science</title><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><description>We evaluated the effect of frequency and amount of rumen-degradable intake protein (DIP) on urea kinetics in steers consuming prairie hay. Five ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (366 kg of BW) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square and provided ad libitum access to low-quality prairie hay (4.7% CP). Casein was provided daily in amounts of 61 and 183 mg of N/kg of BW (61/d and 183/d) and every third day in amounts of 61, 183, and 549 mg of N/kg of BW per supplementation event (61/3d, 183/3d, and 549/3d). Periods were 18-d long with 9 d for adaptation and 9 d for collection. Steers were in metabolism crates for total collection of urine and feces. Jugular infusion of ¹⁵N¹⁵N-urea followed by determination of urinary enrichment of ¹⁵N¹⁵N-urea and ¹⁴N¹⁵N-urea was used to determine urea kinetics. Treatment means were separated to evaluate the effects of increasing DIP supplementation and the effects of frequency at the low (61/d vs. 183/3d) and at the high (183/d vs. 549/3d) amounts of DIP provision. Forage OM and total digestible OM intakes were linearly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) increased by increasing DIP provision but were not affected by frequency of supplementation at either the low or high amounts. Production and gut entry of urea linearly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.006) increased with DIP provision and tended to be greater (P [less-than or equal to] 0.07) for 549/3d than 183/d but were not different between 61/d and 183/3d. Microbial N flow to the duodenum was linearly (P < 0.001) increased by increasing DIP provision. Additionally, 183/d resulted in greater (P = 0.05) microbial N flow than 549/3d. Incorporation of recycled urea-N into microbial N linearly (P = 0.04) increased with increasing DIP. Microbial incorporation of recycled urea-N was greater for 549/3d than 183/d, with 42 and 23% of microbial N coming from recycled urea-N, respectively. In contrast, there was no difference due to frequency in the incorporation of recycled urea-N by ruminal microbes at the low level of supplementation (i.e., 61/d vs. 183/3d). This study demonstrates that urea recycling plays a substantial role in the N supply to the rumen and to the animal, particularly in steers supplemented infrequently with high levels of protein.</description><subject>ad libitum feeding</subject><subject>Ammonia - metabolism</subject><subject>Ammonia - urine</subject><subject>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Animal productions</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Urea Nitrogen</subject><subject>Cattle - metabolism</subject><subject>cattle feeding</subject><subject>dietary protein</subject><subject>Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Dietary Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>digestible protein</subject><subject>Digestion - physiology</subject><subject>Duodenum - metabolism</subject><subject>Duodenum - microbiology</subject><subject>Eating - physiology</subject><subject>Feed and pet food industries</subject><subject>feed supplements</subject><subject>Fermentation - physiology</subject><subject>Food industries</subject><subject>forage quality</subject><subject>frequency</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>hay</subject><subject>low-quality forage</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>metabolic studies</subject><subject>microbial activity</subject><subject>Nitrogen - metabolism</subject><subject>Poaceae - metabolism</subject><subject>prairie hay</subject><subject>protein intake</subject><subject>recycled urea nitrogen</subject><subject>Rumen - metabolism</subject><subject>Rumen - microbiology</subject><subject>rumen fermentation</subject><subject>ruminant nutrition</subject><subject>steers</subject><subject>Terrestrial animal productions</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Urea - metabolism</subject><subject>Urea - urine</subject><subject>urea nitrogen</subject><subject>Vertebrates</subject><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo90U1v1DAQgOEIgehSOHIFX4BTiseOHeeIqvIhVeIAPUcTZ7x16zhbO1a1_4kfSbq7IFmyZD16Jc9U1VvgF0KJ9vMd5gvBeVtzKfSzagNKqFqCls-rDecCamNAnFWvcr7jHITq1MvqDIySnRHtpvpz5RzZhc2OuUQPhaLdM4wjw2ku8fCeykSxHmmbcMQhEPNxwXtiuzQv5CPLZbcLtJoFFz9Htp6SCNm9j7R4mw-5yds0Dx4DK5kOVbJ7G2g82qfMQpQys3PMZfJxy8L8WD8UDH7ZMzcn3NLr6oXDkOnN6T6vbr5e_b78Xl___Pbj8st17USnlnoYwRndNKNVzdA42elWIgzgVKOhU7oFPqIjMThnRmscame1gXa0jYLGcHlefTx21y-uI8lLP_lsKQSMNJfc664F0_An-O4EyzDR2O-SnzDt-3_zXcGHE8BsMbiE0fr83wluhJLQrO7T0d367e2jT9TnCUNYs9CvGza6B-glN90q3x-lw7nHbVprN78EB8lBtVoLIf8CpQqkiw</recordid><startdate>20081101</startdate><enddate>20081101</enddate><creator>Wickersham, T.A</creator><creator>Titgemeyer, E.C</creator><creator>Cochran, R.C</creator><creator>Wickersham, E.E</creator><creator>Moore, E.S</creator><general>American Society of Animal Science</general><general>Am Soc Animal Sci</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20081101</creationdate><title>Effect of frequency and amount of rumen-degradable intake protein supplementation on urea kinetics and microbial use of recycled urea in steers consuming low-quality forage</title><author>Wickersham, T.A ; Titgemeyer, E.C ; Cochran, R.C ; Wickersham, E.E ; Moore, E.S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-f295t-bd1f8644dc54b4f39673a1b1f5461956710dafe2bff8dc8fa6fc6817dc4514803</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>ad libitum feeding</topic><topic>Ammonia - metabolism</topic><topic>Ammonia - urine</topic><topic>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Animal productions</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Urea Nitrogen</topic><topic>Cattle - metabolism</topic><topic>cattle feeding</topic><topic>dietary protein</topic><topic>Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Dietary Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>digestible protein</topic><topic>Digestion - physiology</topic><topic>Duodenum - metabolism</topic><topic>Duodenum - microbiology</topic><topic>Eating - physiology</topic><topic>Feed and pet food industries</topic><topic>feed supplements</topic><topic>Fermentation - physiology</topic><topic>Food industries</topic><topic>forage quality</topic><topic>frequency</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>hay</topic><topic>low-quality forage</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>metabolic studies</topic><topic>microbial activity</topic><topic>Nitrogen - metabolism</topic><topic>Poaceae - metabolism</topic><topic>prairie hay</topic><topic>protein intake</topic><topic>recycled urea nitrogen</topic><topic>Rumen - metabolism</topic><topic>Rumen - microbiology</topic><topic>rumen fermentation</topic><topic>ruminant nutrition</topic><topic>steers</topic><topic>Terrestrial animal productions</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Urea - metabolism</topic><topic>Urea - urine</topic><topic>urea nitrogen</topic><topic>Vertebrates</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wickersham, T.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Titgemeyer, E.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cochran, R.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wickersham, E.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, E.S</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wickersham, T.A</au><au>Titgemeyer, E.C</au><au>Cochran, R.C</au><au>Wickersham, E.E</au><au>Moore, E.S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of frequency and amount of rumen-degradable intake protein supplementation on urea kinetics and microbial use of recycled urea in steers consuming low-quality forage</atitle><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><date>2008-11-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>86</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>3089</spage><epage>3099</epage><pages>3089-3099</pages><issn>0021-8812</issn><eissn>1525-3163</eissn><abstract>We evaluated the effect of frequency and amount of rumen-degradable intake protein (DIP) on urea kinetics in steers consuming prairie hay. Five ruminally and duodenally fistulated steers (366 kg of BW) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square and provided ad libitum access to low-quality prairie hay (4.7% CP). Casein was provided daily in amounts of 61 and 183 mg of N/kg of BW (61/d and 183/d) and every third day in amounts of 61, 183, and 549 mg of N/kg of BW per supplementation event (61/3d, 183/3d, and 549/3d). Periods were 18-d long with 9 d for adaptation and 9 d for collection. Steers were in metabolism crates for total collection of urine and feces. Jugular infusion of ¹⁵N¹⁵N-urea followed by determination of urinary enrichment of ¹⁵N¹⁵N-urea and ¹⁴N¹⁵N-urea was used to determine urea kinetics. Treatment means were separated to evaluate the effects of increasing DIP supplementation and the effects of frequency at the low (61/d vs. 183/3d) and at the high (183/d vs. 549/3d) amounts of DIP provision. Forage OM and total digestible OM intakes were linearly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) increased by increasing DIP provision but were not affected by frequency of supplementation at either the low or high amounts. Production and gut entry of urea linearly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.006) increased with DIP provision and tended to be greater (P [less-than or equal to] 0.07) for 549/3d than 183/d but were not different between 61/d and 183/3d. Microbial N flow to the duodenum was linearly (P < 0.001) increased by increasing DIP provision. Additionally, 183/d resulted in greater (P = 0.05) microbial N flow than 549/3d. Incorporation of recycled urea-N into microbial N linearly (P = 0.04) increased with increasing DIP. Microbial incorporation of recycled urea-N was greater for 549/3d than 183/d, with 42 and 23% of microbial N coming from recycled urea-N, respectively. In contrast, there was no difference due to frequency in the incorporation of recycled urea-N by ruminal microbes at the low level of supplementation (i.e., 61/d vs. 183/3d). This study demonstrates that urea recycling plays a substantial role in the N supply to the rumen and to the animal, particularly in steers supplemented infrequently with high levels of protein.</abstract><cop>Savoy, IL</cop><pub>American Society of Animal Science</pub><pmid>18539827</pmid><doi>10.2527/jas.2007-0326</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | ad libitum feeding Ammonia - metabolism Ammonia - urine Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Animal productions Animals Biological and medical sciences Blood Urea Nitrogen Cattle - metabolism cattle feeding dietary protein Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage Dietary Proteins - metabolism Dietary Supplements digestible protein Digestion - physiology Duodenum - metabolism Duodenum - microbiology Eating - physiology Feed and pet food industries feed supplements Fermentation - physiology Food industries forage quality frequency Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology hay low-quality forage Male metabolic studies microbial activity Nitrogen - metabolism Poaceae - metabolism prairie hay protein intake recycled urea nitrogen Rumen - metabolism Rumen - microbiology rumen fermentation ruminant nutrition steers Terrestrial animal productions Time Factors Urea - metabolism Urea - urine urea nitrogen Vertebrates |
| title | Effect of frequency and amount of rumen-degradable intake protein supplementation on urea kinetics and microbial use of recycled urea in steers consuming low-quality forage |
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