Microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers
Background/aims:To evaluate microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers after daily use.Methods:Subjects were provided with preservative-free artificial tears (Groups 1 and 2) and artificial tears containing a preservative (Group 3). Af...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | British journal of ophthalmology 2008-11, Vol.92 (11), p.1518-1521 |
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| creator | Kim, M S Choi, C Y Kim, J M Chung, H R Woo, H Y |
| description | Background/aims:To evaluate microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers after daily use.Methods:Subjects were provided with preservative-free artificial tears (Groups 1 and 2) and artificial tears containing a preservative (Group 3). After administration three times or more per 10 h, bottles were collected, and any remaining fluid in the bottles was cultured. A risk factor analysis for microbial contamination was performed by the use of univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:A total of 242 eye-drop bottles were evaluated. Five (2.0%) of the 242 bottles had bacterial contamination. In group 1, four (3.9%) of 102 bottles were contaminated, and identified bacteria were all coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. In group 2, one (1.0%) of 105 bottles was contaminated, and it was a Gram-negative Acinetobacter species. No bottles from group 3 showed any contamination. Based on multivariate analysis, advanced age and fingertip touch were statistically significant risk factors for microbial contamination (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bjo.2008.144469 |
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After administration three times or more per 10 h, bottles were collected, and any remaining fluid in the bottles was cultured. A risk factor analysis for microbial contamination was performed by the use of univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:A total of 242 eye-drop bottles were evaluated. Five (2.0%) of the 242 bottles had bacterial contamination. In group 1, four (3.9%) of 102 bottles were contaminated, and identified bacteria were all coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. In group 2, one (1.0%) of 105 bottles was contaminated, and it was a Gram-negative Acinetobacter species. No bottles from group 3 showed any contamination. Based on multivariate analysis, advanced age and fingertip touch were statistically significant risk factors for microbial contamination (p<0.05).Conclusion:Preservative-free artificial tears in reclosable containers are at risk of contamination in a daily and multiple use setting, especially in patients with a poor administering technique, which is associated with fingertip touch and advanced age.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-1161</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2079</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.144469</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18782802</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BJOPAL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage ; Biological and medical sciences ; Colonies & territories ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Cornea - microbiology ; Drug Contamination - prevention & control ; Drug Packaging - standards ; Eye care products ; Eye protection ; Female ; Humans ; Infectious diseases ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Multivariate analysis ; Ophthalmic Solutions - administration & dosage ; Ophthalmology ; Organisms ; Personal computers ; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical ; Risk factors ; Staphylococcus - isolation & purification ; Studies</subject><ispartof>British journal of ophthalmology, 2008-11, Vol.92 (11), p.1518-1521</ispartof><rights>2008 BMJ Publishing Group</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright: 2008 2008 BMJ Publishing Group</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b492t-f23d78482b134601e42e4691f455c75626b7f66129d89056c465fc3dec27f4503</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://bjo.bmj.com/content/92/11/1518.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://bjo.bmj.com/content/92/11/1518.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,314,776,780,3183,23550,27901,27902,77342,77373</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20787222$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18782802$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, M S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, C Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, J M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, H R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woo, H Y</creatorcontrib><title>Microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers</title><title>British journal of ophthalmology</title><addtitle>Br J Ophthalmol</addtitle><description>Background/aims:To evaluate microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers after daily use.Methods:Subjects were provided with preservative-free artificial tears (Groups 1 and 2) and artificial tears containing a preservative (Group 3). After administration three times or more per 10 h, bottles were collected, and any remaining fluid in the bottles was cultured. A risk factor analysis for microbial contamination was performed by the use of univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:A total of 242 eye-drop bottles were evaluated. Five (2.0%) of the 242 bottles had bacterial contamination. In group 1, four (3.9%) of 102 bottles were contaminated, and identified bacteria were all coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. In group 2, one (1.0%) of 105 bottles was contaminated, and it was a Gram-negative Acinetobacter species. No bottles from group 3 showed any contamination. Based on multivariate analysis, advanced age and fingertip touch were statistically significant risk factors for microbial contamination (p<0.05).Conclusion:Preservative-free artificial tears in reclosable containers are at risk of contamination in a daily and multiple use setting, especially in patients with a poor administering technique, which is associated with fingertip touch and advanced age.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Colonies & territories</subject><subject>Colony Count, Microbial</subject><subject>Cornea - microbiology</subject><subject>Drug Contamination - prevention & control</subject><subject>Drug Packaging - standards</subject><subject>Eye care products</subject><subject>Eye protection</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Ophthalmic Solutions - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Organisms</subject><subject>Personal computers</subject><subject>Preservatives, Pharmaceutical</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Staphylococcus - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>0007-1161</issn><issn>1468-2079</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0U1v1DAQBmCrKmqXtmduKFIFB6RsbcexnSMsH4tUCgfogYvlOGPJu04c7KSi_x6vsioSF06W5WdG43kRekHwmpCK37S7sKYYyzVhjPHmBK0I47KkWDSnaIUxFiUhnJyj5ynt8pVyIs7QOZFCUonpCu2_OBND67QvTBgm3btBTy4MRbBFP_vJjf6xmBN0xRghQXzIrw9Q2ghQ6Dg568yhdgIdUzFqs8_SDUUE40PSrYelrRsgpkv0zGqf4Op4XqAfHz9832zL26-fPm_e3pYta-hUWlp1QjJJW1IxjgkwCvlvxLK6NqLmlLfCck5o08kG19wwXltTdWCoyAZXF-j10neM4dcMaVK9Swa81wOEOSneiLw8Vmd4_Q_chTkOeTZFhJANbSiTWd0sKi8qpQhWjdH1Oj4qgtUhBZVTUIcU1JJCrnh57Du3PXR__XHtGbw6Ap2M9jbqwbj05HJ8UlB6cOXiXJrg99O7jnvFRSVqdXe_UWK7xe_ef_upRPZvFt_2u_9O-Qc5Rqv8</recordid><startdate>20081101</startdate><enddate>20081101</enddate><creator>Kim, M S</creator><creator>Choi, C Y</creator><creator>Kim, J M</creator><creator>Chung, H R</creator><creator>Woo, H Y</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</general><general>BMJ</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20081101</creationdate><title>Microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers</title><author>Kim, M S ; Choi, C Y ; Kim, J M ; Chung, H R ; Woo, H Y</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b492t-f23d78482b134601e42e4691f455c75626b7f66129d89056c465fc3dec27f4503</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Colonies & territories</topic><topic>Colony Count, Microbial</topic><topic>Cornea - microbiology</topic><topic>Drug Contamination - prevention & control</topic><topic>Drug Packaging - standards</topic><topic>Eye care products</topic><topic>Eye protection</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Ophthalmic Solutions - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Organisms</topic><topic>Personal computers</topic><topic>Preservatives, Pharmaceutical</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Staphylococcus - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Studies</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, M S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, C Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, J M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, H R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woo, H Y</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>British journal of ophthalmology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, M S</au><au>Choi, C Y</au><au>Kim, J M</au><au>Chung, H R</au><au>Woo, H Y</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers</atitle><jtitle>British journal of ophthalmology</jtitle><addtitle>Br J Ophthalmol</addtitle><date>2008-11-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>92</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1518</spage><epage>1521</epage><pages>1518-1521</pages><issn>0007-1161</issn><eissn>1468-2079</eissn><coden>BJOPAL</coden><abstract>Background/aims:To evaluate microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers after daily use.Methods:Subjects were provided with preservative-free artificial tears (Groups 1 and 2) and artificial tears containing a preservative (Group 3). After administration three times or more per 10 h, bottles were collected, and any remaining fluid in the bottles was cultured. A risk factor analysis for microbial contamination was performed by the use of univariate and multivariate analysis.Results:A total of 242 eye-drop bottles were evaluated. Five (2.0%) of the 242 bottles had bacterial contamination. In group 1, four (3.9%) of 102 bottles were contaminated, and identified bacteria were all coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. In group 2, one (1.0%) of 105 bottles was contaminated, and it was a Gram-negative Acinetobacter species. No bottles from group 3 showed any contamination. Based on multivariate analysis, advanced age and fingertip touch were statistically significant risk factors for microbial contamination (p<0.05).Conclusion:Preservative-free artificial tears in reclosable containers are at risk of contamination in a daily and multiple use setting, especially in patients with a poor administering technique, which is associated with fingertip touch and advanced age.</abstract><cop>BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</pub><pmid>18782802</pmid><doi>10.1136/bjo.2008.144469</doi><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Analysis of Variance Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage Biological and medical sciences Colonies & territories Colony Count, Microbial Cornea - microbiology Drug Contamination - prevention & control Drug Packaging - standards Eye care products Eye protection Female Humans Infectious diseases Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Miscellaneous Multivariate analysis Ophthalmic Solutions - administration & dosage Ophthalmology Organisms Personal computers Preservatives, Pharmaceutical Risk factors Staphylococcus - isolation & purification Studies |
| title | Microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers |
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