Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System
To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States. Patient and ICU characteristics in pediatric ICUs suggest the pattern of nosocomial infections experienced may differ from that seen in adult ICUs. Data were collected between January...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pediatrics (Evanston) 1999-04, Vol.103 (4), p.e39-e39 |
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| creator | Richards, M J Edwards, J R Culver, D H Gaynes, R P |
| description | To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States.
Patient and ICU characteristics in pediatric ICUs suggest the pattern of nosocomial infections experienced may differ from that seen in adult ICUs.
Data were collected between January 1992 and December 1997 from 61 pediatric ICUs in the United States using the standard surveillance protocols and nosocomial infection site definitions of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System's ICU surveillance component.
Data on 110 709 patients with 6290 nosocomial infections were analyzed. Primary bloodstream infections (28%), pneumonia (21%), and urinary tract infections (15%) were most frequent and were almost always associated with use of an invasive device. Primary bloodstream infections and surgical site infections were reported more frequently in infants aged 2 months or less as compared with older children. Urinary tract infections were reported more frequently in children >5 years old compared with younger children. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (38%) were the most common bloodstream isolates, and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli were reported in 25% of primary bloodstream infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%) was the most common species reported from pneumonia and Escherichia coli (19%), from urinary tract infections. Enterobacter spp. were isolated with increasing frequency from pneumonia and were the most common Gram-negative isolates from bloodstream infections. Device-associated infection rates for bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections did not correlate with length of stay, the number of hospital beds, or season.
In pediatric ICUs, bloodstream infections were the most common nosocomial infection. The distribution of infection sites and pathogens differed with age and from that reported from adult ICUs. Device-associated infection rates were the best rates currently available for comparisons between units, because they were not associated with length of stay, the number of beds in the hospital, or season. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1542/peds.103.4.e39 |
| format | Article |
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Patient and ICU characteristics in pediatric ICUs suggest the pattern of nosocomial infections experienced may differ from that seen in adult ICUs.
Data were collected between January 1992 and December 1997 from 61 pediatric ICUs in the United States using the standard surveillance protocols and nosocomial infection site definitions of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System's ICU surveillance component.
Data on 110 709 patients with 6290 nosocomial infections were analyzed. Primary bloodstream infections (28%), pneumonia (21%), and urinary tract infections (15%) were most frequent and were almost always associated with use of an invasive device. Primary bloodstream infections and surgical site infections were reported more frequently in infants aged 2 months or less as compared with older children. Urinary tract infections were reported more frequently in children >5 years old compared with younger children. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (38%) were the most common bloodstream isolates, and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli were reported in 25% of primary bloodstream infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%) was the most common species reported from pneumonia and Escherichia coli (19%), from urinary tract infections. Enterobacter spp. were isolated with increasing frequency from pneumonia and were the most common Gram-negative isolates from bloodstream infections. Device-associated infection rates for bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections did not correlate with length of stay, the number of hospital beds, or season.
In pediatric ICUs, bloodstream infections were the most common nosocomial infection. The distribution of infection sites and pathogens differed with age and from that reported from adult ICUs. Device-associated infection rates were the best rates currently available for comparisons between units, because they were not associated with length of stay, the number of beds in the hospital, or season.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-4005</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-4275</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1542/peds.103.4.e39</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10103331</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PEDIAU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Academy of Pediatrics</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Catheterization - adverse effects ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross Infection - epidemiology ; Cross Infection - microbiology ; Cross Infection - virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric - statistics & numerical data ; Linear Models ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia - epidemiology ; Pneumonia - microbiology ; Pneumonia - virology ; Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis - epidemiology ; Sepsis - microbiology ; Sepsis - virology ; Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology ; Surgical Wound Infection - epidemiology ; Surgical Wound Infection - microbiology ; United States - epidemiology ; Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology ; Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections - virology</subject><ispartof>Pediatrics (Evanston), 1999-04, Vol.103 (4), p.e39-e39</ispartof><rights>Copyright National Library of Medicine - MEDLINE Abstracts Apr 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10103331$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Richards, M J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Edwards, J R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Culver, D H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaynes, R P</creatorcontrib><title>Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System</title><title>Pediatrics (Evanston)</title><addtitle>Pediatrics</addtitle><description>To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States.
Patient and ICU characteristics in pediatric ICUs suggest the pattern of nosocomial infections experienced may differ from that seen in adult ICUs.
Data were collected between January 1992 and December 1997 from 61 pediatric ICUs in the United States using the standard surveillance protocols and nosocomial infection site definitions of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System's ICU surveillance component.
Data on 110 709 patients with 6290 nosocomial infections were analyzed. Primary bloodstream infections (28%), pneumonia (21%), and urinary tract infections (15%) were most frequent and were almost always associated with use of an invasive device. Primary bloodstream infections and surgical site infections were reported more frequently in infants aged 2 months or less as compared with older children. Urinary tract infections were reported more frequently in children >5 years old compared with younger children. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (38%) were the most common bloodstream isolates, and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli were reported in 25% of primary bloodstream infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%) was the most common species reported from pneumonia and Escherichia coli (19%), from urinary tract infections. Enterobacter spp. were isolated with increasing frequency from pneumonia and were the most common Gram-negative isolates from bloodstream infections. Device-associated infection rates for bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections did not correlate with length of stay, the number of hospital beds, or season.
In pediatric ICUs, bloodstream infections were the most common nosocomial infection. The distribution of infection sites and pathogens differed with age and from that reported from adult ICUs. Device-associated infection rates were the best rates currently available for comparisons between units, because they were not associated with length of stay, the number of beds in the hospital, or season.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Catheterization - adverse effects</subject><subject>Chi-Square Distribution</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Cross Infection - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cross Infection - microbiology</subject><subject>Cross Infection - virology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Intensive Care Units, Pediatric - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Pneumonia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pneumonia - microbiology</subject><subject>Pneumonia - virology</subject><subject>Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sepsis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Sepsis - microbiology</subject><subject>Sepsis - virology</subject><subject>Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Surgical Wound Infection - epidemiology</subject><subject>Surgical Wound Infection - microbiology</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Urinary Tract Infections - virology</subject><issn>0031-4005</issn><issn>1098-4275</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkD1PwzAQhi0EoqWwMqKIgS3hHDuuPSLER6WqDKVz5DgX4SofJXYqdeOn40IRiOnupOd9dHeEXFJIaMbT2w2WLqHAEp4gU0dkTEHJmKfT7JiMARiNOUA2ImfOrQGAZ9P0lIwohAhjdEw-Fp3rTNdYXUe2rdB427UutFEwW-17a8LgsXV2i5HRPUZDa_0X4d8wWoUBy2jptUeXRAu9zwfXH-3sV7sc-i3autatwWi5cx6bc3JS6drhxaFOyOrx4fX-OZ6_PM3u7-bxhnLl4xKZQJViIanKKKtQQqUKWmomVWYMY5AJKQ1QIQRnBaXICzVNs7KSwiAYNiE3395N370P6HzeWGdwvwt2g8uFEkICyABe_wPX3dCHm1yeppJJBpwF6OoADUWDZb7pbaP7Xf7zWPYJw_d8Pw</recordid><startdate>199904</startdate><enddate>199904</enddate><creator>Richards, M J</creator><creator>Edwards, J R</creator><creator>Culver, D H</creator><creator>Gaynes, R P</creator><general>American Academy of Pediatrics</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199904</creationdate><title>Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System</title><author>Richards, M J ; Edwards, J R ; Culver, D H ; Gaynes, R P</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p149t-de36e92eb819513fe80f9b1da3895cc3305688c0166643b11e4b9725df86ce0c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Catheterization - adverse effects</topic><topic>Chi-Square Distribution</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Cross Infection - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cross Infection - microbiology</topic><topic>Cross Infection - virology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Intensive Care Units, Pediatric - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Pneumonia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pneumonia - microbiology</topic><topic>Pneumonia - virology</topic><topic>Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sepsis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Sepsis - microbiology</topic><topic>Sepsis - virology</topic><topic>Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Surgical Wound Infection - epidemiology</topic><topic>Surgical Wound Infection - microbiology</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Urinary Tract Infections - virology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Richards, M J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Edwards, J R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Culver, D H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaynes, R P</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Pediatrics (Evanston)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Richards, M J</au><au>Edwards, J R</au><au>Culver, D H</au><au>Gaynes, R P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System</atitle><jtitle>Pediatrics (Evanston)</jtitle><addtitle>Pediatrics</addtitle><date>1999-04</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>103</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e39</spage><epage>e39</epage><pages>e39-e39</pages><issn>0031-4005</issn><eissn>1098-4275</eissn><coden>PEDIAU</coden><abstract>To describe the epidemiology of nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States.
Patient and ICU characteristics in pediatric ICUs suggest the pattern of nosocomial infections experienced may differ from that seen in adult ICUs.
Data were collected between January 1992 and December 1997 from 61 pediatric ICUs in the United States using the standard surveillance protocols and nosocomial infection site definitions of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System's ICU surveillance component.
Data on 110 709 patients with 6290 nosocomial infections were analyzed. Primary bloodstream infections (28%), pneumonia (21%), and urinary tract infections (15%) were most frequent and were almost always associated with use of an invasive device. Primary bloodstream infections and surgical site infections were reported more frequently in infants aged 2 months or less as compared with older children. Urinary tract infections were reported more frequently in children >5 years old compared with younger children. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (38%) were the most common bloodstream isolates, and aerobic Gram-negative bacilli were reported in 25% of primary bloodstream infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22%) was the most common species reported from pneumonia and Escherichia coli (19%), from urinary tract infections. Enterobacter spp. were isolated with increasing frequency from pneumonia and were the most common Gram-negative isolates from bloodstream infections. Device-associated infection rates for bloodstream infections, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections did not correlate with length of stay, the number of hospital beds, or season.
In pediatric ICUs, bloodstream infections were the most common nosocomial infection. The distribution of infection sites and pathogens differed with age and from that reported from adult ICUs. Device-associated infection rates were the best rates currently available for comparisons between units, because they were not associated with length of stay, the number of beds in the hospital, or season.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Academy of Pediatrics</pub><pmid>10103331</pmid><doi>10.1542/peds.103.4.e39</doi></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Age Factors Catheterization - adverse effects Chi-Square Distribution Child Child, Preschool Cross Infection - epidemiology Cross Infection - microbiology Cross Infection - virology Female Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Intensive Care Units, Pediatric - statistics & numerical data Linear Models Male Pediatrics Pneumonia - epidemiology Pneumonia - microbiology Pneumonia - virology Respiration, Artificial - adverse effects Risk Factors Sepsis - epidemiology Sepsis - microbiology Sepsis - virology Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology Surgical Wound Infection - epidemiology Surgical Wound Infection - microbiology United States - epidemiology Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology Urinary Tract Infections - virology |
| title | Nosocomial infections in pediatric intensive care units in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System |
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