Cognitive and affective improvement in brain dysfunctional patients who achieve inpatient rehabilitation goals

Objective: To evaluate whether improvements in specific cognitive and affective functions are associated with achieving inpatient rehabilitation goals after the acute onset of brain dysfunction. Design: Retrospective analysis of data obtained in a prospective inception cohort study. Study Setting: Medical center and neurological institute. Subjects: Ninety-five heterogeneous brain dysfunctional patients who participated in an interdisciplinary inpatient neurorehabilitation program. Subjects were classified as having achieved their rehabilitation goals (Group 1) or not (Group 2) at time of discharge. Main Outcome Measure: Number of treatment goals attained. Results: Although overall level of performance on the BNI Screen (BNIS) for Higher Cerebral Functions distinguished patients who later achieved their inpatient rehabilitation goals, on admission only performance on the visual spatial subtest was associated with later goal attainment. In contrast, at discharge, patients who showed greater improvement in awareness, affect, visual spatial skills, memory, and attention/concentration were likely to obtain their rehabilitation goals. This was true when the initial level of performance was taken into account. Conclusions: Measurement of overall neuropsychological status and specific visual spatial abilities at time of admission may help determine which brain dysfunctional patients will obtain inpatient rehabilitation goals. Improvement in a variety of cognitive and affective functions was associated with goal attainment. Early cognitive rehabilitation should focus on both cognitive and affective disturbances to facilitate recovery and rehabilitation outcome.