Prevalence and characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome
Background and Objective Tako-Tsubo syndrome is a clinical entity mimicking acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction may occur in Tako-Tsubo syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and features of LVOT obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The American heart journal 2008-09, Vol.156 (3), p.543-548 |
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| creator | El Mahmoud, Rami, MD Mansencal, Nicolas, MD Pilliére, Rémy, MD Leyer, François, MD Abbou, Nacéra, MD Michaud, Pierre, MD Nallet, Olivier, MD Digne, Franck, MD Lacombe, Pascal, MD Cattan, Simon, MD Dubourg, Olivier, MD, FACC, FESC |
| description | Background and Objective Tako-Tsubo syndrome is a clinical entity mimicking acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction may occur in Tako-Tsubo syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and features of LVOT obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a population presenting with ACS. Methods This study included consecutive patients admitted to 2 catheterization laboratories for suspected ACS. All patients underwent echocardiography, coronary arteriography, and left ventricular angiography if no significant coronary lesions were found. Results Among 10,366 patients referred for coronary angiography, the study population consisted of 3,909 patients with suspected ACS. Thirty-two patients (mean age 71 ± 13 years old) presented with Tako-Tsubo syndrome, resulting in a prevalence of 0.8% in our population of ACS and 5% of patients without significant coronary lesions. Eight women (mean age 81 ± 4 years old, P = .01) exhibited LVOT obstruction, a prevalence of 25% among Tako-Tsubo syndrome cases. All patients with intraventricular pressure gradient had systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and septal bulge. Prevalence of septal bulge was 100% in patients with Tako-Tsubo syndrome and LVOT obstruction versus 29% in patients without LVOT obstruction ( P = .002). Mean degree of mitral regurgitation was 2.1 ± 0.7 in cases of LVOT obstruction versus 0.9 ± 0.7 in patients without LVOT ( P = .0003) and significantly decreased during follow-up (1 ± 0.8, P = .002). Recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in patients with and without LVOT obstruction ( P = .58). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the prevalence of LVOT obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome is high, with specific characteristics as compared with patients without LVOT obstruction. Echocardiography should be systematically performed for all patients presenting with Tako-Tsubo syndrome for the detection of LVOT obstruction. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.05.002 |
| format | Article |
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Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction may occur in Tako-Tsubo syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and features of LVOT obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a population presenting with ACS. Methods This study included consecutive patients admitted to 2 catheterization laboratories for suspected ACS. All patients underwent echocardiography, coronary arteriography, and left ventricular angiography if no significant coronary lesions were found. Results Among 10,366 patients referred for coronary angiography, the study population consisted of 3,909 patients with suspected ACS. Thirty-two patients (mean age 71 ± 13 years old) presented with Tako-Tsubo syndrome, resulting in a prevalence of 0.8% in our population of ACS and 5% of patients without significant coronary lesions. Eight women (mean age 81 ± 4 years old, P = .01) exhibited LVOT obstruction, a prevalence of 25% among Tako-Tsubo syndrome cases. All patients with intraventricular pressure gradient had systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and septal bulge. Prevalence of septal bulge was 100% in patients with Tako-Tsubo syndrome and LVOT obstruction versus 29% in patients without LVOT obstruction ( P = .002). Mean degree of mitral regurgitation was 2.1 ± 0.7 in cases of LVOT obstruction versus 0.9 ± 0.7 in patients without LVOT ( P = .0003) and significantly decreased during follow-up (1 ± 0.8, P = .002). Recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in patients with and without LVOT obstruction ( P = .58). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the prevalence of LVOT obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome is high, with specific characteristics as compared with patients without LVOT obstruction. Echocardiography should be systematically performed for all patients presenting with Tako-Tsubo syndrome for the detection of LVOT obstruction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-8703</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-6744</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.05.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18760139</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AHJOA2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: Mosby, Inc</publisher><subject>Acute Coronary Syndrome - complications ; Acute Coronary Syndrome - diagnosis ; Acute coronary syndromes ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cardiology ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Cardiomyopathy ; Cardiovascular ; Cardiovascular disease ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary vessels ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart attacks ; Heart Septum - diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Medical imaging ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mitral Valve - diagnostic imaging ; Mitral Valve - physiopathology ; Pain ; Patients ; Population ; Pressure ; Prevalence ; Sex Distribution ; Stress ; Studies ; Systole ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - complications ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - diagnostic imaging ; Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - epidemiology ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - diagnosis ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - epidemiology ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - etiology ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - physiopathology</subject><ispartof>The American heart journal, 2008-09, Vol.156 (3), p.543-548</ispartof><rights>Mosby, Inc.</rights><rights>2008 Mosby, Inc.</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Sep 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c530t-8ed7a66907d54d401e396f33eb6f19984eb308c0b806434d638b84b7c938d2c83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c530t-8ed7a66907d54d401e396f33eb6f19984eb308c0b806434d638b84b7c938d2c83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002870308003694$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20659449$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18760139$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>El Mahmoud, Rami, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansencal, Nicolas, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pilliére, Rémy, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leyer, François, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abbou, Nacéra, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michaud, Pierre, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nallet, Olivier, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Digne, Franck, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lacombe, Pascal, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cattan, Simon, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dubourg, Olivier, MD, FACC, FESC</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence and characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome</title><title>The American heart journal</title><addtitle>Am Heart J</addtitle><description>Background and Objective Tako-Tsubo syndrome is a clinical entity mimicking acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction may occur in Tako-Tsubo syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and features of LVOT obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a population presenting with ACS. Methods This study included consecutive patients admitted to 2 catheterization laboratories for suspected ACS. All patients underwent echocardiography, coronary arteriography, and left ventricular angiography if no significant coronary lesions were found. Results Among 10,366 patients referred for coronary angiography, the study population consisted of 3,909 patients with suspected ACS. Thirty-two patients (mean age 71 ± 13 years old) presented with Tako-Tsubo syndrome, resulting in a prevalence of 0.8% in our population of ACS and 5% of patients without significant coronary lesions. Eight women (mean age 81 ± 4 years old, P = .01) exhibited LVOT obstruction, a prevalence of 25% among Tako-Tsubo syndrome cases. All patients with intraventricular pressure gradient had systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and septal bulge. Prevalence of septal bulge was 100% in patients with Tako-Tsubo syndrome and LVOT obstruction versus 29% in patients without LVOT obstruction ( P = .002). Mean degree of mitral regurgitation was 2.1 ± 0.7 in cases of LVOT obstruction versus 0.9 ± 0.7 in patients without LVOT ( P = .0003) and significantly decreased during follow-up (1 ± 0.8, P = .002). Recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in patients with and without LVOT obstruction ( P = .58). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the prevalence of LVOT obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome is high, with specific characteristics as compared with patients without LVOT obstruction. Echocardiography should be systematically performed for all patients presenting with Tako-Tsubo syndrome for the detection of LVOT obstruction.</description><subject>Acute Coronary Syndrome - complications</subject><subject>Acute Coronary Syndrome - diagnosis</subject><subject>Acute coronary syndromes</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cardiology</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Cardiomyopathy</subject><subject>Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Coronary Angiography</subject><subject>Coronary vessels</subject><subject>Echocardiography</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Heart attacks</subject><subject>Heart Septum - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mitral Valve - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Mitral Valve - physiopathology</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Pressure</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Sex Distribution</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Systole</subject><subject>Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - complications</subject><subject>Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - epidemiology</subject><subject>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - diagnosis</subject><subject>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - epidemiology</subject><subject>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - etiology</subject><subject>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - physiopathology</subject><issn>0002-8703</issn><issn>1097-6744</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kl2L1DAUhoso7rj6A7yRgOhdx5MmTRMEQRa_YEHB8TqkySmbbqdZk3Rk_r0pM7iwF16FhOc9OXlyquolhS0FKt6NW3MzbhsAuYV2C9A8qjYUVFeLjvPH1QbKUS07YBfVs5TGshWNFE-rCyo7AZSpTWV_RDyYCWeLxMyO2BsTjc0YfcreJhIGMuGQyQHnHL1dJhNJWPIwhT8kryQJfcpxsdmHmfiZ7MxtqHdp6QNJx9nFsMfn1ZPBTAlfnNfL6tfnT7urr_X19y_frj5e17ZlkGuJrjNCKOhcyx0HikyJgTHsxUCVkhx7BtJCL0Fwxp1gspe876xi0jVWssvq7anuXQy_F0xZ732yOE1mxrAkLRQvMhpewNcPwDEscS69adoCbxW0ihWKnigbQ0oRB30X_d7Eo6agV_961MW_Xv1raHWRXTKvzpWXfo_uPnEWXoA3Z8Aka6Yhmtn69I9rQLSK85V7f-KwCDt4jDpZv_6S8xFt1i74_7bx4UHaTn725cJbPGK6f61OjQb9cx2UdU5AArCiif0FDuy3Xw</recordid><startdate>20080901</startdate><enddate>20080901</enddate><creator>El Mahmoud, Rami, MD</creator><creator>Mansencal, Nicolas, MD</creator><creator>Pilliére, Rémy, MD</creator><creator>Leyer, François, MD</creator><creator>Abbou, Nacéra, MD</creator><creator>Michaud, Pierre, MD</creator><creator>Nallet, Olivier, MD</creator><creator>Digne, Franck, MD</creator><creator>Lacombe, Pascal, MD</creator><creator>Cattan, Simon, MD</creator><creator>Dubourg, Olivier, MD, FACC, FESC</creator><general>Mosby, Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080901</creationdate><title>Prevalence and characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome</title><author>El Mahmoud, Rami, MD ; Mansencal, Nicolas, MD ; Pilliére, Rémy, MD ; Leyer, François, MD ; Abbou, Nacéra, MD ; Michaud, Pierre, MD ; Nallet, Olivier, MD ; Digne, Franck, MD ; Lacombe, Pascal, MD ; Cattan, Simon, MD ; Dubourg, Olivier, MD, FACC, FESC</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c530t-8ed7a66907d54d401e396f33eb6f19984eb308c0b806434d638b84b7c938d2c83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Acute Coronary Syndrome - complications</topic><topic>Acute Coronary Syndrome - diagnosis</topic><topic>Acute coronary syndromes</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cardiology</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Cardiomyopathy</topic><topic>Cardiovascular</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Coronary Angiography</topic><topic>Coronary vessels</topic><topic>Echocardiography</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Heart attacks</topic><topic>Heart Septum - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mitral Valve - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Mitral Valve - physiopathology</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Pressure</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Sex Distribution</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Systole</topic><topic>Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - complications</topic><topic>Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - epidemiology</topic><topic>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - diagnosis</topic><topic>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - epidemiology</topic><topic>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - etiology</topic><topic>Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - physiopathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>El Mahmoud, Rami, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansencal, Nicolas, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pilliére, Rémy, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leyer, François, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abbou, Nacéra, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michaud, Pierre, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nallet, Olivier, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Digne, Franck, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lacombe, Pascal, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cattan, Simon, MD</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dubourg, Olivier, MD, FACC, FESC</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The American heart journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>El Mahmoud, Rami, MD</au><au>Mansencal, Nicolas, MD</au><au>Pilliére, Rémy, MD</au><au>Leyer, François, MD</au><au>Abbou, Nacéra, MD</au><au>Michaud, Pierre, MD</au><au>Nallet, Olivier, MD</au><au>Digne, Franck, MD</au><au>Lacombe, Pascal, MD</au><au>Cattan, Simon, MD</au><au>Dubourg, Olivier, MD, FACC, FESC</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence and characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome</atitle><jtitle>The American heart journal</jtitle><addtitle>Am Heart J</addtitle><date>2008-09-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>156</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>543</spage><epage>548</epage><pages>543-548</pages><issn>0002-8703</issn><eissn>1097-6744</eissn><coden>AHJOA2</coden><abstract>Background and Objective Tako-Tsubo syndrome is a clinical entity mimicking acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction may occur in Tako-Tsubo syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and features of LVOT obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a population presenting with ACS. Methods This study included consecutive patients admitted to 2 catheterization laboratories for suspected ACS. All patients underwent echocardiography, coronary arteriography, and left ventricular angiography if no significant coronary lesions were found. Results Among 10,366 patients referred for coronary angiography, the study population consisted of 3,909 patients with suspected ACS. Thirty-two patients (mean age 71 ± 13 years old) presented with Tako-Tsubo syndrome, resulting in a prevalence of 0.8% in our population of ACS and 5% of patients without significant coronary lesions. Eight women (mean age 81 ± 4 years old, P = .01) exhibited LVOT obstruction, a prevalence of 25% among Tako-Tsubo syndrome cases. All patients with intraventricular pressure gradient had systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and septal bulge. Prevalence of septal bulge was 100% in patients with Tako-Tsubo syndrome and LVOT obstruction versus 29% in patients without LVOT obstruction ( P = .002). Mean degree of mitral regurgitation was 2.1 ± 0.7 in cases of LVOT obstruction versus 0.9 ± 0.7 in patients without LVOT ( P = .0003) and significantly decreased during follow-up (1 ± 0.8, P = .002). Recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction was similar in patients with and without LVOT obstruction ( P = .58). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the prevalence of LVOT obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome is high, with specific characteristics as compared with patients without LVOT obstruction. Echocardiography should be systematically performed for all patients presenting with Tako-Tsubo syndrome for the detection of LVOT obstruction.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Mosby, Inc</pub><pmid>18760139</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.ahj.2008.05.002</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acute Coronary Syndrome - complications Acute Coronary Syndrome - diagnosis Acute coronary syndromes Aged Aged, 80 and over Biological and medical sciences Cardiology Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiomyopathy Cardiovascular Cardiovascular disease Coronary Angiography Coronary vessels Echocardiography Female Follow-Up Studies Heart attacks Heart Septum - diagnostic imaging Humans Male Medical imaging Medical sciences Middle Aged Mitral Valve - diagnostic imaging Mitral Valve - physiopathology Pain Patients Population Pressure Prevalence Sex Distribution Stress Studies Systole Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - complications Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - diagnostic imaging Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy - epidemiology Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - diagnosis Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - epidemiology Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - etiology Ventricular Outflow Obstruction - physiopathology |
| title | Prevalence and characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in Tako-Tsubo syndrome |
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