Bonding, backbonding, and spin-polarized molecular orbitals: basis for magnetism and semiconducting transport in V[TCNE]x approximately 2

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) at the V L{2,3} and C and N K edges reveal bonding and backbonding interactions in films of the 400 K magnetic semiconductor V[TCNE]x approximately 2. In V spectra, d{xy}-like orbitals are modeled assuming V2+ in an octahedral ligand field, while d{z{2}} and d{x{2}-y{2}} orbitals involved in strong covalent sigma bonding cannot be modeled by atomic calculations. C and N MCD, and differences in XAS from neutral TCNE molecules, reveal spin-polarized molecular orbitals in V[TCNE]x approximately 2 associated with weaker pi bonding interactions that yield its novel properties.