A Simple Test of Central Processing Speed: An Extension of the Short Blessed Test
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and reliability of a simple measure of central processing speed: the time to recite the months of the year in reverse order, from the Short Blessed Test of Orientation, Concentration, and Memory (SBT). DESIGN: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs were used to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) 1999-11, Vol.47 (11), p.1359-1363 |
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| container_title | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) |
| container_volume | 47 |
| creator | Ball, Linda J. Bisher, Gordon B. Birge, Stanley J. |
| description | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and reliability of a simple measure of central processing speed: the time to recite the months of the year in reverse order, from the Short Blessed Test of Orientation, Concentration, and Memory (SBT).
DESIGN: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs were used to establish validity and test‐retest reliability.
SETTING: Participants' homes and by telephone interview.
PARTICIPANTS: An age‐stratified sample of 120 community‐dwelling women, aged 67–94, randomly selected from Medicare recipients of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area.
MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variables were the SBT, the Trail Making Test, computer‐generated simple and choice reaction time, and time to say the months of the year backward (TMYB). The independent variable was age.
RESULTS: Significant Pearson product‐moment correlations were obtained for Trail Making and TMYB with a simple and choice reaction time after controlling for age and cognitive status. An exponential relationship was observed between age and TMYB, expressed both cross‐sectionally and as rate of change. Test‐retest reliability for TMYB was 0.90.
CONCLUSIONS: TMYB is a valid and reliable measure of central processing speed that compares favorably to the more elaborate and time‐consuming Trail Making B test. Because of its simplicity and ease of administration, this test provides the clinician with a practical measure of central processing speed. TMYB extends the utility of the widely used Short Blessed Test by measuring this additional and important domain of brain function. J Am Geriatr Soc 47:1359–1363,1999. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb07440.x |
| format | Article |
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DESIGN: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs were used to establish validity and test‐retest reliability.
SETTING: Participants' homes and by telephone interview.
PARTICIPANTS: An age‐stratified sample of 120 community‐dwelling women, aged 67–94, randomly selected from Medicare recipients of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area.
MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variables were the SBT, the Trail Making Test, computer‐generated simple and choice reaction time, and time to say the months of the year backward (TMYB). The independent variable was age.
RESULTS: Significant Pearson product‐moment correlations were obtained for Trail Making and TMYB with a simple and choice reaction time after controlling for age and cognitive status. An exponential relationship was observed between age and TMYB, expressed both cross‐sectionally and as rate of change. Test‐retest reliability for TMYB was 0.90.
CONCLUSIONS: TMYB is a valid and reliable measure of central processing speed that compares favorably to the more elaborate and time‐consuming Trail Making B test. Because of its simplicity and ease of administration, this test provides the clinician with a practical measure of central processing speed. TMYB extends the utility of the widely used Short Blessed Test by measuring this additional and important domain of brain function. J Am Geriatr Soc 47:1359–1363,1999.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-8614</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-5415</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb07440.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10573448</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAGSAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Attention - physiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; central processing speed ; Choice Behavior - physiology ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognition - physiology ; Cognitive functioning ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Developmental psychology ; Elderly people ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Measures ; Memory ; Memory - physiology ; Mental Processes - physiology ; Orientation - physiology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Psychometrics ; Psychomotor Performance - physiology ; Reaction Time - physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; screening ; Speed ; Time Factors ; Trail Making Test</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS), 1999-11, Vol.47 (11), p.1359-1363</ispartof><rights>1999 The American Geriatrics Society</rights><rights>2000 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nov 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4960-1f59bacefb7af2922687a9eb1edbf9bd1c18e5025631158d3825312c705435663</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4960-1f59bacefb7af2922687a9eb1edbf9bd1c18e5025631158d3825312c705435663</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.1999.tb07440.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.1999.tb07440.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,31000,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1189509$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10573448$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ball, Linda J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bisher, Gordon B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Birge, Stanley J.</creatorcontrib><title>A Simple Test of Central Processing Speed: An Extension of the Short Blessed Test</title><title>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)</title><addtitle>J Am Geriatr Soc</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and reliability of a simple measure of central processing speed: the time to recite the months of the year in reverse order, from the Short Blessed Test of Orientation, Concentration, and Memory (SBT).
DESIGN: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs were used to establish validity and test‐retest reliability.
SETTING: Participants' homes and by telephone interview.
PARTICIPANTS: An age‐stratified sample of 120 community‐dwelling women, aged 67–94, randomly selected from Medicare recipients of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area.
MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variables were the SBT, the Trail Making Test, computer‐generated simple and choice reaction time, and time to say the months of the year backward (TMYB). The independent variable was age.
RESULTS: Significant Pearson product‐moment correlations were obtained for Trail Making and TMYB with a simple and choice reaction time after controlling for age and cognitive status. An exponential relationship was observed between age and TMYB, expressed both cross‐sectionally and as rate of change. Test‐retest reliability for TMYB was 0.90.
CONCLUSIONS: TMYB is a valid and reliable measure of central processing speed that compares favorably to the more elaborate and time‐consuming Trail Making B test. Because of its simplicity and ease of administration, this test provides the clinician with a practical measure of central processing speed. TMYB extends the utility of the widely used Short Blessed Test by measuring this additional and important domain of brain function. J Am Geriatr Soc 47:1359–1363,1999.</description><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Attention - physiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>central processing speed</subject><subject>Choice Behavior - physiology</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognition - physiology</subject><subject>Cognitive functioning</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Developmental psychology</subject><subject>Elderly people</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Measures</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Memory - physiology</subject><subject>Mental Processes - physiology</subject><subject>Orientation - physiology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</subject><subject>Reaction Time - physiology</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>screening</subject><subject>Speed</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Trail Making Test</subject><issn>0002-8614</issn><issn>1532-5415</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqVkV1v0zAUhi0EYmXwF5A1Ie4S_P2xG9RVozCmMdQhuLOc5ISlpEmxU9H9exxSDcQNwje25Oe859gPQieU5DStV-ucSs4yKajMqbU2HwqihSD5_gGa3V89RDNCCMuMouIIPYlxTQhlxJjH6IgSqbkQZoY-zvGq2WxbwDcQB9zXeAHdEHyLr0NfQoxN9xWvtgDVKZ53-Hw_QBebvhvJ4Rbw6rYPAz5rEwnVr4yn6FHt2wjPDvsx-vTm_GbxNrv8sHy3mF9mpbCKZLSWtvAl1IX2NbOMKaO9hYJCVdS2qGhJDUjCpOKUSlNxwySnrNRECi6V4sfo5ZS7Df33XWrsNk0soW19B_0uOmWZsYrrf4LpK1Kctgk8-Qtc97vQpUc4RgnXikiToNMJKkMfY4DabUOz8eHOUeJGPW7tRgdudOBGPe6gx-1T8fNDh12xgeqP0slHAl4cAB9L39bBd2UTf3PUWEnGSV9P2I-mhbv_mMBdLFfjKSVkU0ITB9jfJ_jwzSnNtXSfr5ZOnF1_0e8vtLviPwFXJ7i-</recordid><startdate>199911</startdate><enddate>199911</enddate><creator>Ball, Linda J.</creator><creator>Bisher, Gordon B.</creator><creator>Birge, Stanley J.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199911</creationdate><title>A Simple Test of Central Processing Speed: An Extension of the Short Blessed Test</title><author>Ball, Linda J. ; Bisher, Gordon B. ; Birge, Stanley J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4960-1f59bacefb7af2922687a9eb1edbf9bd1c18e5025631158d3825312c705435663</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Attention - physiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>central processing speed</topic><topic>Choice Behavior - physiology</topic><topic>Cognition & reasoning</topic><topic>Cognition - physiology</topic><topic>Cognitive functioning</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Developmental psychology</topic><topic>Elderly people</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Measures</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Memory - physiology</topic><topic>Mental Processes - physiology</topic><topic>Orientation - physiology</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Psychomotor Performance - physiology</topic><topic>Reaction Time - physiology</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>screening</topic><topic>Speed</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Trail Making Test</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ball, Linda J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bisher, Gordon B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Birge, Stanley J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ball, Linda J.</au><au>Bisher, Gordon B.</au><au>Birge, Stanley J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Simple Test of Central Processing Speed: An Extension of the Short Blessed Test</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Geriatr Soc</addtitle><date>1999-11</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1359</spage><epage>1363</epage><pages>1359-1363</pages><issn>0002-8614</issn><eissn>1532-5415</eissn><coden>JAGSAF</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and reliability of a simple measure of central processing speed: the time to recite the months of the year in reverse order, from the Short Blessed Test of Orientation, Concentration, and Memory (SBT).
DESIGN: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs were used to establish validity and test‐retest reliability.
SETTING: Participants' homes and by telephone interview.
PARTICIPANTS: An age‐stratified sample of 120 community‐dwelling women, aged 67–94, randomly selected from Medicare recipients of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area.
MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variables were the SBT, the Trail Making Test, computer‐generated simple and choice reaction time, and time to say the months of the year backward (TMYB). The independent variable was age.
RESULTS: Significant Pearson product‐moment correlations were obtained for Trail Making and TMYB with a simple and choice reaction time after controlling for age and cognitive status. An exponential relationship was observed between age and TMYB, expressed both cross‐sectionally and as rate of change. Test‐retest reliability for TMYB was 0.90.
CONCLUSIONS: TMYB is a valid and reliable measure of central processing speed that compares favorably to the more elaborate and time‐consuming Trail Making B test. Because of its simplicity and ease of administration, this test provides the clinician with a practical measure of central processing speed. TMYB extends the utility of the widely used Short Blessed Test by measuring this additional and important domain of brain function. J Am Geriatr Soc 47:1359–1363,1999.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>10573448</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb07440.x</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS), 1999-11, Vol.47 (11), p.1359-1363 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via Wiley Online Library; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) |
| subjects | Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging Attention - physiology Biological and medical sciences central processing speed Choice Behavior - physiology Cognition & reasoning Cognition - physiology Cognitive functioning Cross-Sectional Studies Developmental psychology Elderly people Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Longitudinal Studies Measures Memory Memory - physiology Mental Processes - physiology Orientation - physiology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychometrics Psychomotor Performance - physiology Reaction Time - physiology Reproducibility of Results screening Speed Time Factors Trail Making Test |
| title | A Simple Test of Central Processing Speed: An Extension of the Short Blessed Test |
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