The compression and expansion waves of the forward and backward flows: An in-vitro arterial model
Although the propagation of arterial waves of forward flows has been studied before, that of backward flows has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the propagation of the compression and expansion waves of backward flows in terms of wave speed and dissipation...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine Journal of engineering in medicine, 2008-05, Vol.222 (4), p.531-542 |
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| description | Although the propagation of arterial waves of forward flows has been studied before, that of backward flows has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the propagation of the compression and expansion waves of backward flows in terms of wave speed and dissipation, in flexible tubes. The aim is also to compare the propagation of these waves with those of forward flows.
A piston pump generated a flow waveform in the shape of approximately half-sinusoid, in flexible tubes (12 mm and 16 mm diameter). The pump produced flow in either the forward or the backward direction by moving the piston forward, in a ‘pushing action’ or backward, in a ‘pulling action’, using a graphite brushes d.c. motor. Pressure and flow were measured at intervals of 5 cm along each tube and wave speed was determined using the PU-loop method. The simultaneous measurements of diameter were also taken at the same position of the pressure and flow in the 16 mm tube. Wave intensity analysis was used to determine the magnitude of the pressure and velocity waveforms and wave intensity in the forward and backward directions.
Under the same initial experimental conditions, wave speed was higher during the pulling action (backward flow) than during the pushing action (forward flow). The amplitudes of pressure and velocity in the pulling action were significantly higher than those in the pushing action. The tube diameter was approximately 20 per cent smaller in the pulling action than in the pushing action in the 16 mm tube. The compression and expansion waves resulting from the pushing and pulling actions dissipated exponentially along the travelling distance, and their dissipation was greater in the smaller than in the larger tubes.
Local wave speed in flexible tubes is flow direction- and wave nature-dependent and is greater with expansion than with compression waves. Wave dissipation has an inverse relationship with the vessel diameter, and dissipation of the expansion wave of the pulling action was greater than that of the pushing action. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1243/09544119JEIM339 |
| format | Article |
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A piston pump generated a flow waveform in the shape of approximately half-sinusoid, in flexible tubes (12 mm and 16 mm diameter). The pump produced flow in either the forward or the backward direction by moving the piston forward, in a ‘pushing action’ or backward, in a ‘pulling action’, using a graphite brushes d.c. motor. Pressure and flow were measured at intervals of 5 cm along each tube and wave speed was determined using the PU-loop method. The simultaneous measurements of diameter were also taken at the same position of the pressure and flow in the 16 mm tube. Wave intensity analysis was used to determine the magnitude of the pressure and velocity waveforms and wave intensity in the forward and backward directions.
Under the same initial experimental conditions, wave speed was higher during the pulling action (backward flow) than during the pushing action (forward flow). The amplitudes of pressure and velocity in the pulling action were significantly higher than those in the pushing action. The tube diameter was approximately 20 per cent smaller in the pulling action than in the pushing action in the 16 mm tube. The compression and expansion waves resulting from the pushing and pulling actions dissipated exponentially along the travelling distance, and their dissipation was greater in the smaller than in the larger tubes.
Local wave speed in flexible tubes is flow direction- and wave nature-dependent and is greater with expansion than with compression waves. Wave dissipation has an inverse relationship with the vessel diameter, and dissipation of the expansion wave of the pulling action was greater than that of the pushing action.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-4119</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2041-3033</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1243/09544119JEIM339</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18595362</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London, England: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Amplitudes ; Animals ; Arteries - physiology ; Blood ; Blood Flow Velocity - physiology ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; Brushes ; Compression ; Compression waves ; Computer Simulation ; D C motors ; Dissipation ; Expansion ; Flow velocity ; Graphite ; Heart rate ; Humans ; Longitudinal waves ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Position measurement ; Pressure ; Propagation ; Pulsatile Flow - physiology ; Pushing ; Tubes ; Veins & arteries ; Velocity ; Wave propagation ; Waveforms</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine, 2008-05, Vol.222 (4), p.531-542</ispartof><rights>2008 Institution of Mechanical Engineers</rights><rights>Copyright Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd May 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c464t-5c2df5398547beae72946ce49d3f79c64a9400e9476cfe3c71803579b3a21e53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c464t-5c2df5398547beae72946ce49d3f79c64a9400e9476cfe3c71803579b3a21e53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1243/09544119JEIM339$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1243/09544119JEIM339$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,21798,27901,27902,43597,43598</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18595362$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Feng, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khir, A W</creatorcontrib><title>The compression and expansion waves of the forward and backward flows: An in-vitro arterial model</title><title>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine</title><addtitle>Proc Inst Mech Eng H</addtitle><description>Although the propagation of arterial waves of forward flows has been studied before, that of backward flows has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the propagation of the compression and expansion waves of backward flows in terms of wave speed and dissipation, in flexible tubes. The aim is also to compare the propagation of these waves with those of forward flows.
A piston pump generated a flow waveform in the shape of approximately half-sinusoid, in flexible tubes (12 mm and 16 mm diameter). The pump produced flow in either the forward or the backward direction by moving the piston forward, in a ‘pushing action’ or backward, in a ‘pulling action’, using a graphite brushes d.c. motor. Pressure and flow were measured at intervals of 5 cm along each tube and wave speed was determined using the PU-loop method. The simultaneous measurements of diameter were also taken at the same position of the pressure and flow in the 16 mm tube. Wave intensity analysis was used to determine the magnitude of the pressure and velocity waveforms and wave intensity in the forward and backward directions.
Under the same initial experimental conditions, wave speed was higher during the pulling action (backward flow) than during the pushing action (forward flow). The amplitudes of pressure and velocity in the pulling action were significantly higher than those in the pushing action. The tube diameter was approximately 20 per cent smaller in the pulling action than in the pushing action in the 16 mm tube. The compression and expansion waves resulting from the pushing and pulling actions dissipated exponentially along the travelling distance, and their dissipation was greater in the smaller than in the larger tubes.
Local wave speed in flexible tubes is flow direction- and wave nature-dependent and is greater with expansion than with compression waves. Wave dissipation has an inverse relationship with the vessel diameter, and dissipation of the expansion wave of the pulling action was greater than that of the pushing action.</description><subject>Amplitudes</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arteries - physiology</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood Flow Velocity - physiology</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>Brushes</subject><subject>Compression</subject><subject>Compression waves</subject><subject>Computer Simulation</subject><subject>D C motors</subject><subject>Dissipation</subject><subject>Expansion</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Longitudinal waves</subject><subject>Models, Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Position measurement</subject><subject>Pressure</subject><subject>Propagation</subject><subject>Pulsatile Flow - physiology</subject><subject>Pushing</subject><subject>Tubes</subject><subject>Veins & arteries</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Wave propagation</subject><subject>Waveforms</subject><issn>0954-4119</issn><issn>2041-3033</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0UtPGzEUBWALgUiasmZXWSB11SG2rx8xO4RoCQrqJvuR47nTTjozDvaE0H_fyUMqQkKsrKv7-VjWIeScsysuJIyZVVJybh_upo8A9ogMBZM8AwZwTIbbbbZdD8inlJaMMc6ZPiUDPlFWgRZD4ua_kfrQrCKmVIWWurag-LJy7W7auGdMNJS061kZ4sbFYkcWzv_ZDWUdNuma3rS0arPnqouButhhrFxNm1Bg_ZmclK5OeHY4R2T-_W5-e5_Nfv6Y3t7MMi-17DLlRVEqsBMlzQIdGmGl9ihtAaWxXktnJWNopdG-RPCGTxgoYxfgBEcFI_J1H7uK4WmNqcubKnmsa9diWKdcW2EUMx9DAMW4UKyHF2_gMqxj2_8hF6ClAatNjy7fQ9wyKWACsI0a75WPIaWIZb6KVePi35yzfFtk_qbI_saXQ-560WDx3x-a68G3PUjuF7569J28f9RMo7Y</recordid><startdate>20080501</startdate><enddate>20080501</enddate><creator>Feng, J</creator><creator>Khir, A W</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080501</creationdate><title>The compression and expansion waves of the forward and backward flows: An in-vitro arterial model</title><author>Feng, J ; Khir, A W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c464t-5c2df5398547beae72946ce49d3f79c64a9400e9476cfe3c71803579b3a21e53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Amplitudes</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arteries - physiology</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood Flow Velocity - physiology</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - physiology</topic><topic>Brushes</topic><topic>Compression</topic><topic>Compression waves</topic><topic>Computer Simulation</topic><topic>D C motors</topic><topic>Dissipation</topic><topic>Expansion</topic><topic>Flow velocity</topic><topic>Graphite</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Longitudinal waves</topic><topic>Models, Cardiovascular</topic><topic>Position measurement</topic><topic>Pressure</topic><topic>Propagation</topic><topic>Pulsatile Flow - physiology</topic><topic>Pushing</topic><topic>Tubes</topic><topic>Veins & arteries</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><topic>Wave propagation</topic><topic>Waveforms</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Feng, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khir, A W</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Feng, J</au><au>Khir, A W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The compression and expansion waves of the forward and backward flows: An in-vitro arterial model</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Inst Mech Eng H</addtitle><date>2008-05-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>222</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>531</spage><epage>542</epage><pages>531-542</pages><issn>0954-4119</issn><eissn>2041-3033</eissn><abstract>Although the propagation of arterial waves of forward flows has been studied before, that of backward flows has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this research is to investigate the propagation of the compression and expansion waves of backward flows in terms of wave speed and dissipation, in flexible tubes. The aim is also to compare the propagation of these waves with those of forward flows.
A piston pump generated a flow waveform in the shape of approximately half-sinusoid, in flexible tubes (12 mm and 16 mm diameter). The pump produced flow in either the forward or the backward direction by moving the piston forward, in a ‘pushing action’ or backward, in a ‘pulling action’, using a graphite brushes d.c. motor. Pressure and flow were measured at intervals of 5 cm along each tube and wave speed was determined using the PU-loop method. The simultaneous measurements of diameter were also taken at the same position of the pressure and flow in the 16 mm tube. Wave intensity analysis was used to determine the magnitude of the pressure and velocity waveforms and wave intensity in the forward and backward directions.
Under the same initial experimental conditions, wave speed was higher during the pulling action (backward flow) than during the pushing action (forward flow). The amplitudes of pressure and velocity in the pulling action were significantly higher than those in the pushing action. The tube diameter was approximately 20 per cent smaller in the pulling action than in the pushing action in the 16 mm tube. The compression and expansion waves resulting from the pushing and pulling actions dissipated exponentially along the travelling distance, and their dissipation was greater in the smaller than in the larger tubes.
Local wave speed in flexible tubes is flow direction- and wave nature-dependent and is greater with expansion than with compression waves. Wave dissipation has an inverse relationship with the vessel diameter, and dissipation of the expansion wave of the pulling action was greater than that of the pushing action.</abstract><cop>London, England</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>18595362</pmid><doi>10.1243/09544119JEIM339</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Amplitudes Animals Arteries - physiology Blood Blood Flow Velocity - physiology Blood Pressure - physiology Brushes Compression Compression waves Computer Simulation D C motors Dissipation Expansion Flow velocity Graphite Heart rate Humans Longitudinal waves Models, Cardiovascular Position measurement Pressure Propagation Pulsatile Flow - physiology Pushing Tubes Veins & arteries Velocity Wave propagation Waveforms |
| title | The compression and expansion waves of the forward and backward flows: An in-vitro arterial model |
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