Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis
Plant stem-cell pools, the source for all organs, are first established during embryogenesis. It has been known for decades that cytokinin and auxin interact to control organ regeneration in cultured tissue. Auxin has a critical role in root stem-cell specification in zygotic embryogenesis, but the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nature 2008-06, Vol.453 (7198), p.1094-1097 |
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| description | Plant stem-cell pools, the source for all organs, are first established during embryogenesis. It has been known for decades that cytokinin and auxin interact to control organ regeneration in cultured tissue. Auxin has a critical role in root stem-cell specification in zygotic embryogenesis, but the early embryonic function of cytokinin is obscure. Here, we introduce a synthetic reporter to visualize universally cytokinin output in vivo. Notably, the first embryonic signal is detected in the hypophysis, the founder cell of the root stem-cell system. Its apical daughter cell, the precursor of the quiescent centre, maintains phosphorelay activity, whereas the basal daughter cell represses signalling output. Auxin activity levels, however, exhibit the inverse profile. Furthermore, we show that auxin antagonizes cytokinin output in the basal cell lineage by direct transcriptional activation of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR genes, ARR7 and ARR15, feedback repressors of cytokinin signalling. Loss of ARR7 and ARR15 function or ectopic cytokinin signalling in the basal cell during early embryogenesis results in a defective root stem-cell system. These results provide a molecular model of transient and antagonistic interaction between auxin and cytokinin critical for specifying the first root stem-cell niche. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/nature06943 |
| format | Article |
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It has been known for decades that cytokinin and auxin interact to control organ regeneration in cultured tissue. Auxin has a critical role in root stem-cell specification in zygotic embryogenesis, but the early embryonic function of cytokinin is obscure. Here, we introduce a synthetic reporter to visualize universally cytokinin output in vivo. Notably, the first embryonic signal is detected in the hypophysis, the founder cell of the root stem-cell system. Its apical daughter cell, the precursor of the quiescent centre, maintains phosphorelay activity, whereas the basal daughter cell represses signalling output. Auxin activity levels, however, exhibit the inverse profile. Furthermore, we show that auxin antagonizes cytokinin output in the basal cell lineage by direct transcriptional activation of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR genes, ARR7 and ARR15, feedback repressors of cytokinin signalling. Loss of ARR7 and ARR15 function or ectopic cytokinin signalling in the basal cell during early embryogenesis results in a defective root stem-cell system. These results provide a molecular model of transient and antagonistic interaction between auxin and cytokinin critical for specifying the first root stem-cell niche.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4679</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/nature06943</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18463635</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NATUAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Arabidopsis ; Arabidopsis - cytology ; Arabidopsis - embryology ; Arabidopsis - metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Auxin ; auxins ; Biological and medical sciences ; cell differentiation ; Cell division ; Cell physiology ; Chemical agents ; Cytokinins ; Cytokinins - metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism ; embryogenesis ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic growth stage ; Embryos ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene expression ; gene expression regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; genes ; Genes, Plant - genetics ; Growth ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism ; letter ; multidisciplinary ; Plant physiology and development ; Plant Roots - cytology ; Plant Roots - embryology ; Plant Roots - metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Properties ; roots ; Roots (Botany) ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Signal Transduction ; Stem cells ; Stem Cells - cytology ; Stem Cells - metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; transcription (genetics) ; Transcription Factors - metabolism ; transcriptional activation ; Vegetative apparatus, growth and morphogenesis. 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It has been known for decades that cytokinin and auxin interact to control organ regeneration in cultured tissue. Auxin has a critical role in root stem-cell specification in zygotic embryogenesis, but the early embryonic function of cytokinin is obscure. Here, we introduce a synthetic reporter to visualize universally cytokinin output in vivo. Notably, the first embryonic signal is detected in the hypophysis, the founder cell of the root stem-cell system. Its apical daughter cell, the precursor of the quiescent centre, maintains phosphorelay activity, whereas the basal daughter cell represses signalling output. Auxin activity levels, however, exhibit the inverse profile. Furthermore, we show that auxin antagonizes cytokinin output in the basal cell lineage by direct transcriptional activation of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR genes, ARR7 and ARR15, feedback repressors of cytokinin signalling. Loss of ARR7 and ARR15 function or ectopic cytokinin signalling in the basal cell during early embryogenesis results in a defective root stem-cell system. These results provide a molecular model of transient and antagonistic interaction between auxin and cytokinin critical for specifying the first root stem-cell niche.</description><subject>Arabidopsis</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - cytology</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - embryology</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - metabolism</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Arabidopsis thaliana</subject><subject>Auxin</subject><subject>auxins</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cell differentiation</subject><subject>Cell division</subject><subject>Cell physiology</subject><subject>Chemical agents</subject><subject>Cytokinins</subject><subject>Cytokinins - metabolism</subject><subject>DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>embryogenesis</subject><subject>Embryonic Development</subject><subject>Embryonic growth stage</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>gene expression regulation</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>genes</subject><subject>Genes, Plant - genetics</subject><subject>Growth</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>letter</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Plant physiology and development</subject><subject>Plant Roots - cytology</subject><subject>Plant Roots - embryology</subject><subject>Plant Roots - metabolism</subject><subject>Plants, Genetically Modified</subject><subject>Properties</subject><subject>roots</subject><subject>Roots (Botany)</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Signal Transduction</subject><subject>Stem cells</subject><subject>Stem Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Stem Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Substrate Specificity</subject><subject>transcription (genetics)</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - metabolism</subject><subject>transcriptional activation</subject><subject>Vegetative apparatus, growth and morphogenesis. 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Nature</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Muller, Bruno</au><au>Sheen, Jen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis</atitle><jtitle>Nature</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>2008-06-19</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>453</volume><issue>7198</issue><spage>1094</spage><epage>1097</epage><pages>1094-1097</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><eissn>1476-4679</eissn><coden>NATUAS</coden><abstract>Plant stem-cell pools, the source for all organs, are first established during embryogenesis. It has been known for decades that cytokinin and auxin interact to control organ regeneration in cultured tissue. Auxin has a critical role in root stem-cell specification in zygotic embryogenesis, but the early embryonic function of cytokinin is obscure. Here, we introduce a synthetic reporter to visualize universally cytokinin output in vivo. Notably, the first embryonic signal is detected in the hypophysis, the founder cell of the root stem-cell system. Its apical daughter cell, the precursor of the quiescent centre, maintains phosphorelay activity, whereas the basal daughter cell represses signalling output. Auxin activity levels, however, exhibit the inverse profile. Furthermore, we show that auxin antagonizes cytokinin output in the basal cell lineage by direct transcriptional activation of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR genes, ARR7 and ARR15, feedback repressors of cytokinin signalling. Loss of ARR7 and ARR15 function or ectopic cytokinin signalling in the basal cell during early embryogenesis results in a defective root stem-cell system. These results provide a molecular model of transient and antagonistic interaction between auxin and cytokinin critical for specifying the first root stem-cell niche.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>18463635</pmid><doi>10.1038/nature06943</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Arabidopsis Arabidopsis - cytology Arabidopsis - embryology Arabidopsis - metabolism Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism Arabidopsis thaliana Auxin auxins Biological and medical sciences cell differentiation Cell division Cell physiology Chemical agents Cytokinins Cytokinins - metabolism DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism embryogenesis Embryonic Development Embryonic growth stage Embryos Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene expression gene expression regulation Gene Expression Regulation, Plant genes Genes, Plant - genetics Growth Humanities and Social Sciences Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism letter multidisciplinary Plant physiology and development Plant Roots - cytology Plant Roots - embryology Plant Roots - metabolism Plants, Genetically Modified Properties roots Roots (Botany) Science Science (multidisciplinary) Signal Transduction Stem cells Stem Cells - cytology Stem Cells - metabolism Substrate Specificity transcription (genetics) Transcription Factors - metabolism transcriptional activation Vegetative apparatus, growth and morphogenesis. Senescence |
| title | Cytokinin and auxin interaction in root stem-cell specification during early embryogenesis |
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