PTSD Following Bereavement

Abstract Until quite recently, the only stressor considered consistent with the diagnosis of PTSD was a catastrophic, out of the ordinary, trauma that almost anyone could be expected to have a severe reaction to. Thus, PTSD was considered relatively rare among non-military populations. More recently...

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Veröffentlicht in:Annals of clinical psychiatry 1998-12, Vol.10 (4), p.157-163
Hauptverfasser: Zisook, Sidney, Chentsova-Dutton, Yulia, Shuchter, Stephen R.
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container_end_page 163
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container_title Annals of clinical psychiatry
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creator Zisook, Sidney
Chentsova-Dutton, Yulia
Shuchter, Stephen R.
description Abstract Until quite recently, the only stressor considered consistent with the diagnosis of PTSD was a catastrophic, out of the ordinary, trauma that almost anyone could be expected to have a severe reaction to. Thus, PTSD was considered relatively rare among non-military populations. More recently, epidemiologic surveys have suggested that PTSD may be much more prevalent than heretofore recognized, and the DSM-IV has opened the door to a much larger variety of stressors (the 'A' criterion). Yet, bereavement is not considered the type of stressor capable of producing PTSD. In this study, 350 newly bereaved widows and widowers were assessed for the prevalence of PTSD, its chronicity, comorbidity, and consequences. The diagnosis of PTSD was made on the basis of questionnaire items approximating the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. At 2 months after the spouse's death, 10% of those whose spouses died after a chronic illness met criteria for PTSD, 9% of those whose spouses died unexpectedly met criteria, and 36% of those whose spouses died from "unnatural" causes (suicide or accident) had PTSD. Symptoms tended to be chronic in at least 40% of the subjects, almost always were associated with comorbid depression, and created substantial morbidity. The results suggested that PTSD may occur after bereavement, and, by extension, other stressors not recognized by official diagnostic systems. The 'A' criterion needs further examination.
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Thus, PTSD was considered relatively rare among non-military populations. More recently, epidemiologic surveys have suggested that PTSD may be much more prevalent than heretofore recognized, and the DSM-IV has opened the door to a much larger variety of stressors (the 'A' criterion). Yet, bereavement is not considered the type of stressor capable of producing PTSD. In this study, 350 newly bereaved widows and widowers were assessed for the prevalence of PTSD, its chronicity, comorbidity, and consequences. The diagnosis of PTSD was made on the basis of questionnaire items approximating the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. At 2 months after the spouse's death, 10% of those whose spouses died after a chronic illness met criteria for PTSD, 9% of those whose spouses died unexpectedly met criteria, and 36% of those whose spouses died from "unnatural" causes (suicide or accident) had PTSD. 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Neuroses</topic><topic>Bereavement</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cause of Death</topic><topic>Chronic Disease - epidemiology</topic><topic>Comorbidity</topic><topic>Death, Sudden - epidemiology</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Life Change Events</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Post-traumatic stress disorder</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Psychiatric Status Rating Scales</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychometrics</topic><topic>Psychopathology. 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subjects Accidents - statistics & numerical data
Adaptation, Psychological
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Anxiety disorders. Neuroses
Bereavement
Biological and medical sciences
Cause of Death
Chronic Disease - epidemiology
Comorbidity
Death, Sudden - epidemiology
Depressive Disorder - epidemiology
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Life Change Events
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Prevalence
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychometrics
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Social Adjustment
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - diagnosis
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - etiology
Suicide - statistics & numerical data
Widowhood - psychology
title PTSD Following Bereavement
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