The inner jet of an active galactic nucleus as revealed by a radio-to-γ-ray outburst
Blazars: model behaviour Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei, possessing oppositely directed plasma jets emanating from accreting supermassive black holes at near-light speeds. The jets have been modelled as being propelled by magnetic fields twisted by differential rotation of the b...
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creator | Marscher, Alan P. Jorstad, Svetlana G. D’Arcangelo, Francesca D. Smith, Paul S. Williams, G. Grant Larionov, Valeri M. Oh, Haruki Olmstead, Alice R. Aller, Margo F. Aller, Hugh D. McHardy, Ian M. Lähteenmäki, Anne Tornikoski, Merja Valtaoja, Esko Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A. Kopatskaya, Eugenia N. Gear, Walter K. Tosti, Gino Kurtanidze, Omar Nikolashvili, Maria Sigua, Lorand Miller, H. Richard Ryle, Wesley T. |
description | Blazars: model behaviour
Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei, possessing oppositely directed plasma jets emanating from accreting supermassive black holes at near-light speeds. The jets have been modelled as being propelled by magnetic fields twisted by differential rotation of the black hole's accretion disk or inertial-frame-dragging ergosphere. Until now, this general picture of jet formation, and the exact location of the outbursts, had not been verified. Marscher
et al
. now report high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae. The new measurements reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies. This suggests that the event begins in a region with a helical magnetic field, in line with model predictions.
Sequences of high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae are reported. The data reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies. It is concluded that the event starts in a region with a helical magnetic field as envisaged by the theories.
Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei. They possess oppositely directed plasma jets emanating at near light speeds from accreting supermassive black holes. According to theoretical models, such jets are propelled by magnetic fields twisted by differential rotation of the black hole’s accretion disk or inertial-frame-dragging ergosphere
1
,
2
,
3
. The flow velocity increases outward along the jet in an acceleration and collimation zone containing a coiled magnetic field
4
,
5
. Detailed observations of outbursts of electromagnetic radiation, for which blazars are famous, can potentially probe the zone. It has hitherto not been possible to either specify the location of the outbursts or verify the general picture of jet formation. Here we report sequences of high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae. The data reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies, as well as a delayed outburst at radio wavelengths. We conclude that the event starts in a region with a helical magnetic field that we identify with the acceleration and collimation zone predicted by the theories. The feature brightens again when it crosses a standing sho |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/nature06895 |
format | Article |
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Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei, possessing oppositely directed plasma jets emanating from accreting supermassive black holes at near-light speeds. The jets have been modelled as being propelled by magnetic fields twisted by differential rotation of the black hole's accretion disk or inertial-frame-dragging ergosphere. Until now, this general picture of jet formation, and the exact location of the outbursts, had not been verified. Marscher
et al
. now report high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae. The new measurements reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies. This suggests that the event begins in a region with a helical magnetic field, in line with model predictions.
Sequences of high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae are reported. The data reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies. It is concluded that the event starts in a region with a helical magnetic field as envisaged by the theories.
Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei. They possess oppositely directed plasma jets emanating at near light speeds from accreting supermassive black holes. According to theoretical models, such jets are propelled by magnetic fields twisted by differential rotation of the black hole’s accretion disk or inertial-frame-dragging ergosphere
1
,
2
,
3
. The flow velocity increases outward along the jet in an acceleration and collimation zone containing a coiled magnetic field
4
,
5
. Detailed observations of outbursts of electromagnetic radiation, for which blazars are famous, can potentially probe the zone. It has hitherto not been possible to either specify the location of the outbursts or verify the general picture of jet formation. Here we report sequences of high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae. The data reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies, as well as a delayed outburst at radio wavelengths. We conclude that the event starts in a region with a helical magnetic field that we identify with the acceleration and collimation zone predicted by the theories. The feature brightens again when it crosses a standing shock wave corresponding to the bright ‘core’ seen on the images.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/nature06895</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18432239</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences ; letter ; multidisciplinary ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 2008-04, Vol.452 (7190), p.966-969</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 2008</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2008 Nature Publishing Group</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c535t-e538ef07b9c49c499486a0e67eea324b147e7b931331a83329cc4c0fa98953963</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c535t-e538ef07b9c49c499486a0e67eea324b147e7b931331a83329cc4c0fa98953963</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/nature06895$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/nature06895$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51298</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18432239$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Marscher, Alan P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jorstad, Svetlana G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>D’Arcangelo, Francesca D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Paul S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, G. Grant</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larionov, Valeri M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Haruki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olmstead, Alice R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aller, Margo F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aller, Hugh D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McHardy, Ian M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lähteenmäki, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tornikoski, Merja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valtaoja, Esko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kopatskaya, Eugenia N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gear, Walter K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tosti, Gino</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurtanidze, Omar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nikolashvili, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sigua, Lorand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, H. Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryle, Wesley T.</creatorcontrib><title>The inner jet of an active galactic nucleus as revealed by a radio-to-γ-ray outburst</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>Blazars: model behaviour
Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei, possessing oppositely directed plasma jets emanating from accreting supermassive black holes at near-light speeds. The jets have been modelled as being propelled by magnetic fields twisted by differential rotation of the black hole's accretion disk or inertial-frame-dragging ergosphere. Until now, this general picture of jet formation, and the exact location of the outbursts, had not been verified. Marscher
et al
. now report high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae. The new measurements reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies. This suggests that the event begins in a region with a helical magnetic field, in line with model predictions.
Sequences of high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae are reported. The data reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies. It is concluded that the event starts in a region with a helical magnetic field as envisaged by the theories.
Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei. They possess oppositely directed plasma jets emanating at near light speeds from accreting supermassive black holes. According to theoretical models, such jets are propelled by magnetic fields twisted by differential rotation of the black hole’s accretion disk or inertial-frame-dragging ergosphere
1
,
2
,
3
. The flow velocity increases outward along the jet in an acceleration and collimation zone containing a coiled magnetic field
4
,
5
. Detailed observations of outbursts of electromagnetic radiation, for which blazars are famous, can potentially probe the zone. It has hitherto not been possible to either specify the location of the outbursts or verify the general picture of jet formation. Here we report sequences of high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae. The data reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies, as well as a delayed outburst at radio wavelengths. We conclude that the event starts in a region with a helical magnetic field that we identify with the acceleration and collimation zone predicted by the theories. The feature brightens again when it crosses a standing shock wave corresponding to the bright ‘core’ seen on the images.</description><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>letter</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><issn>0028-0836</issn><issn>1476-4687</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10luLEzEUAOAgiltXn3yX4MOC6KzJZC7JYyleFhYF7eJjOJOeqVOmSTeXxf4u_4e_yQwtuAuVBBKSLwfOySHkJWeXnAn53kJMHlkjVf2IzHjVNkXVyPYxmTFWyoJJ0ZyRZyFsGGM1b6un5IzLSpSlUDNys_yJdLAWPd1gpK6nYCmYONwhXcM47Qy1yYyYAoVAPd4hjLii3Z4C9bAaXBFd8ed34WFPXYpd8iE-J096GAO-OK7n5Objh-Xic3H99dPVYn5dmFrUscBaSOxZ2ylTTVNVsgGGTYsIoqy6nAvmS8GF4CCFKJUxlWE9qJyrUI04JxeHuDvvbhOGqLdDMDiOYNGloBvFRS7CBIsDzDmhHmzvogezxpw3jM5iP-TjOZeqVU0tJ__6hDe74VbfR5cnUB4r3A7mZNQ3Dx5kE_FXXEMKQV99__bQvv2_nS9_LL6c1Ma7EDz2eueHLfi95kxPXaLvdUnWr45lS90WV__ssS0yeHcAIV_ZNXq9ccnb_JUn4_0FtMbEPQ</recordid><startdate>20080424</startdate><enddate>20080424</enddate><creator>Marscher, Alan P.</creator><creator>Jorstad, Svetlana G.</creator><creator>D’Arcangelo, Francesca D.</creator><creator>Smith, Paul S.</creator><creator>Williams, G. Grant</creator><creator>Larionov, Valeri M.</creator><creator>Oh, Haruki</creator><creator>Olmstead, Alice R.</creator><creator>Aller, Margo F.</creator><creator>Aller, Hugh D.</creator><creator>McHardy, Ian M.</creator><creator>Lähteenmäki, Anne</creator><creator>Tornikoski, Merja</creator><creator>Valtaoja, Esko</creator><creator>Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A.</creator><creator>Kopatskaya, Eugenia N.</creator><creator>Gear, Walter K.</creator><creator>Tosti, Gino</creator><creator>Kurtanidze, Omar</creator><creator>Nikolashvili, Maria</creator><creator>Sigua, Lorand</creator><creator>Miller, H. Richard</creator><creator>Ryle, Wesley T.</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ATWCN</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080424</creationdate><title>The inner jet of an active galactic nucleus as revealed by a radio-to-γ-ray outburst</title><author>Marscher, Alan P. ; Jorstad, Svetlana G. ; D’Arcangelo, Francesca D. ; Smith, Paul S. ; Williams, G. Grant ; Larionov, Valeri M. ; Oh, Haruki ; Olmstead, Alice R. ; Aller, Margo F. ; Aller, Hugh D. ; McHardy, Ian M. ; Lähteenmäki, Anne ; Tornikoski, Merja ; Valtaoja, Esko ; Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A. ; Kopatskaya, Eugenia N. ; Gear, Walter K. ; Tosti, Gino ; Kurtanidze, Omar ; Nikolashvili, Maria ; Sigua, Lorand ; Miller, H. Richard ; Ryle, Wesley T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c535t-e538ef07b9c49c499486a0e67eea324b147e7b931331a83329cc4c0fa98953963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>letter</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Marscher, Alan P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jorstad, Svetlana G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>D’Arcangelo, Francesca D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Paul S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, G. 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Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryle, Wesley T.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Middle School</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Marscher, Alan P.</au><au>Jorstad, Svetlana G.</au><au>D’Arcangelo, Francesca D.</au><au>Smith, Paul S.</au><au>Williams, G. Grant</au><au>Larionov, Valeri M.</au><au>Oh, Haruki</au><au>Olmstead, Alice R.</au><au>Aller, Margo F.</au><au>Aller, Hugh D.</au><au>McHardy, Ian M.</au><au>Lähteenmäki, Anne</au><au>Tornikoski, Merja</au><au>Valtaoja, Esko</au><au>Hagen-Thorn, Vladimir A.</au><au>Kopatskaya, Eugenia N.</au><au>Gear, Walter K.</au><au>Tosti, Gino</au><au>Kurtanidze, Omar</au><au>Nikolashvili, Maria</au><au>Sigua, Lorand</au><au>Miller, H. Richard</au><au>Ryle, Wesley T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The inner jet of an active galactic nucleus as revealed by a radio-to-γ-ray outburst</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>2008-04-24</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>452</volume><issue>7190</issue><spage>966</spage><epage>969</epage><pages>966-969</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><abstract>Blazars: model behaviour
Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei, possessing oppositely directed plasma jets emanating from accreting supermassive black holes at near-light speeds. The jets have been modelled as being propelled by magnetic fields twisted by differential rotation of the black hole's accretion disk or inertial-frame-dragging ergosphere. Until now, this general picture of jet formation, and the exact location of the outbursts, had not been verified. Marscher
et al
. now report high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae. The new measurements reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies. This suggests that the event begins in a region with a helical magnetic field, in line with model predictions.
Sequences of high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae are reported. The data reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies. It is concluded that the event starts in a region with a helical magnetic field as envisaged by the theories.
Blazars are the most extreme active galactic nuclei. They possess oppositely directed plasma jets emanating at near light speeds from accreting supermassive black holes. According to theoretical models, such jets are propelled by magnetic fields twisted by differential rotation of the black hole’s accretion disk or inertial-frame-dragging ergosphere
1
,
2
,
3
. The flow velocity increases outward along the jet in an acceleration and collimation zone containing a coiled magnetic field
4
,
5
. Detailed observations of outbursts of electromagnetic radiation, for which blazars are famous, can potentially probe the zone. It has hitherto not been possible to either specify the location of the outbursts or verify the general picture of jet formation. Here we report sequences of high-resolution radio images and optical polarization measurements of the blazar BL Lacertae. The data reveal a bright feature in the jet that causes a double flare of radiation from optical frequencies to TeV γ-ray energies, as well as a delayed outburst at radio wavelengths. We conclude that the event starts in a region with a helical magnetic field that we identify with the acceleration and collimation zone predicted by the theories. The feature brightens again when it crosses a standing shock wave corresponding to the bright ‘core’ seen on the images.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>18432239</pmid><doi>10.1038/nature06895</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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title | The inner jet of an active galactic nucleus as revealed by a radio-to-γ-ray outburst |
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