The efficiency of Xenopus primordial germ cell migration depends on the germplasm mRNA encoding the PDZ domain protein Grip2
A microarray analysis of vegetal pole sequences in the egg and early Xenopus laevis embryo identified Unigene Xl.14891 as a vegetally localized RNA. Analysis of the Xenopus tropicalis genome showed this Unigene to be localized near the 3′ end of the Grip2 (glutamate receptor interacting protein 2) t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Differentiation (London) 2008-04, Vol.76 (4), p.392-403 |
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| creator | Kirilenko, Pavel Weierud, Frida K. Zorn, Aaron M. Woodland, Hugh R. |
| description | A microarray analysis of vegetal pole sequences in the egg and early
Xenopus laevis embryo identified Unigene Xl.14891 as a vegetally localized RNA. Analysis of the
Xenopus tropicalis genome showed this Unigene to be localized near the 3′ end of the Grip2 (glutamate receptor interacting protein 2) transcription unit. RACE showed that the Unigene represented the 3′ UTR of Grip2 mRNA. Grip2 mRNA is present in the mitochondrial cloud of late pre-vitellogenic oocytes and then in the germplasm through oogenesis and early development until tailbud tadpole stages. Interference with Grip2 mRNA translation using two antisense morpholino oligos (MOs) impairs primordial germ cell (PGC) migration to the germinal ridges. Both MOs also inhibit swimming movements of the tailbud tadpole, known to involve glutamate receptors. We conclude that Grip2 has several functions in the embryo, including enabling efficient PGC migration. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00229.x |
| format | Article |
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Xenopus laevis embryo identified Unigene Xl.14891 as a vegetally localized RNA. Analysis of the
Xenopus tropicalis genome showed this Unigene to be localized near the 3′ end of the Grip2 (glutamate receptor interacting protein 2) transcription unit. RACE showed that the Unigene represented the 3′ UTR of Grip2 mRNA. Grip2 mRNA is present in the mitochondrial cloud of late pre-vitellogenic oocytes and then in the germplasm through oogenesis and early development until tailbud tadpole stages. Interference with Grip2 mRNA translation using two antisense morpholino oligos (MOs) impairs primordial germ cell (PGC) migration to the germinal ridges. Both MOs also inhibit swimming movements of the tailbud tadpole, known to involve glutamate receptors. We conclude that Grip2 has several functions in the embryo, including enabling efficient PGC migration.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Carrier Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Cell Movement</subject><subject>Cloning, Molecular</subject><subject>DNA Primers</subject><subject>Germ Cells - cytology</subject><subject>germline</subject><subject>germplasm</subject><subject>Grip2</subject><subject>In Situ Hybridization</subject><subject>Oligonucleotides, Antisense - genetics</subject><subject>Open Reading Frames</subject><subject>PGC migration</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - genetics</subject><subject>Xenopus</subject><subject>Xenopus laevis</subject><subject>Xenopus Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Xenopus tropicalis</subject><issn>0301-4681</issn><issn>1432-0436</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUU1v1DAQtRCIbgt_AfnELWFs58sSl9LSUqkChIqEuFiOPVm8SuJgZ6Er9cfj7K7gWHyZkea9N573CKEMcpbem03OCsEzKESVc4A6B-Bc5vdPyOrv4ClZgQCWFVXDTshpjBsAaCrOnpMTVkteyApW5OHuB1LsOmccjmZHfUe_4einbaRTcIMP1umerjEM1GDf08Gtg56dH6nFCUcbaWrnpLFApl7HgQ5fPp7TJOatG9f72efL79T6QbsxifoZU70ObuIvyLNO9xFfHusZ-Xr1_u7iQ3b76frm4vw2M2U6K9Oy6wTqsmsAi9pAyzVK0xSmZDUIYVpTtMKiRFMCF7zjTNoE1KJpteC6FGfk9UE3bf-5xTirwcXlHD2i30ZVSZb8a-BRIJM1SIBFsTkATfAxBuzU4pYOO8VALRGpjVqSUEsSaolI7SNS94n66rhj2w5o_xGPmSTA2wPgt-tx99_C6vLmKjWJ_u5Ax-ToL4dBxX22aF1AMyvr3eOf_ANvLbVk</recordid><startdate>200804</startdate><enddate>200804</enddate><creator>Kirilenko, Pavel</creator><creator>Weierud, Frida K.</creator><creator>Zorn, Aaron M.</creator><creator>Woodland, Hugh R.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200804</creationdate><title>The efficiency of Xenopus primordial germ cell migration depends on the germplasm mRNA encoding the PDZ domain protein Grip2</title><author>Kirilenko, Pavel ; Weierud, Frida K. ; Zorn, Aaron M. ; Woodland, Hugh R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5229-a9ff3ea5f80e47c0b2ae9c84c517033cbc4b3de9ec50232f219de47a38ba32a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Carrier Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Cell Movement</topic><topic>Cloning, Molecular</topic><topic>DNA Primers</topic><topic>Germ Cells - cytology</topic><topic>germline</topic><topic>germplasm</topic><topic>Grip2</topic><topic>In Situ Hybridization</topic><topic>Oligonucleotides, Antisense - genetics</topic><topic>Open Reading Frames</topic><topic>PGC migration</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - genetics</topic><topic>Xenopus</topic><topic>Xenopus laevis</topic><topic>Xenopus Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Xenopus tropicalis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kirilenko, Pavel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weierud, Frida K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zorn, Aaron M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woodland, Hugh R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Differentiation (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kirilenko, Pavel</au><au>Weierud, Frida K.</au><au>Zorn, Aaron M.</au><au>Woodland, Hugh R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The efficiency of Xenopus primordial germ cell migration depends on the germplasm mRNA encoding the PDZ domain protein Grip2</atitle><jtitle>Differentiation (London)</jtitle><addtitle>Differentiation</addtitle><date>2008-04</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>392</spage><epage>403</epage><pages>392-403</pages><issn>0301-4681</issn><eissn>1432-0436</eissn><abstract>A microarray analysis of vegetal pole sequences in the egg and early
Xenopus laevis embryo identified Unigene Xl.14891 as a vegetally localized RNA. Analysis of the
Xenopus tropicalis genome showed this Unigene to be localized near the 3′ end of the Grip2 (glutamate receptor interacting protein 2) transcription unit. RACE showed that the Unigene represented the 3′ UTR of Grip2 mRNA. Grip2 mRNA is present in the mitochondrial cloud of late pre-vitellogenic oocytes and then in the germplasm through oogenesis and early development until tailbud tadpole stages. Interference with Grip2 mRNA translation using two antisense morpholino oligos (MOs) impairs primordial germ cell (PGC) migration to the germinal ridges. Both MOs also inhibit swimming movements of the tailbud tadpole, known to involve glutamate receptors. We conclude that Grip2 has several functions in the embryo, including enabling efficient PGC migration.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>17924960</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1432-0436.2007.00229.x</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | Animals Base Sequence Carrier Proteins - genetics Cell Movement Cloning, Molecular DNA Primers Germ Cells - cytology germline germplasm Grip2 In Situ Hybridization Oligonucleotides, Antisense - genetics Open Reading Frames PGC migration RNA, Messenger - genetics Xenopus Xenopus laevis Xenopus Proteins - genetics Xenopus tropicalis |
| title | The efficiency of Xenopus primordial germ cell migration depends on the germplasm mRNA encoding the PDZ domain protein Grip2 |
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