Augmenting solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis

Augmenting solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis. The removal of low molecular weight solutes by peritoneal dialysis is less than by hemodialysis. The targets for Kt/Vurea and creatinine clearance formulated in the Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative are unlikely to be achieved in a substantial po...

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Veröffentlicht in:Kidney international 1998-12, Vol.54 (6), p.2218-2225
Hauptverfasser: Krediet, Raymond T., Douma, Caroline E., van Olden, Rudolf W., Ho-dac-Pannekeet, Marja M., Struijk, Dirk G.
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container_title Kidney international
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Douma, Caroline E.
van Olden, Rudolf W.
Ho-dac-Pannekeet, Marja M.
Struijk, Dirk G.
description Augmenting solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis. The removal of low molecular weight solutes by peritoneal dialysis is less than by hemodialysis. The targets for Kt/Vurea and creatinine clearance formulated in the Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative are unlikely to be achieved in a substantial portion of peritoneal dialysis patients. Possibilities to increase small solute clearances have therefore been subject to many investigations. A review of the literature and of recent new data on determinants of solute removal, such as residual renal function, the role of drained dialysate volume and manipulation of the diffusive capacity of the peritoneum are presented. The contribution of residual GFR is more important for the clearance of creatinine than for Kt/Vurea. It is even more important for the removal of organic acids that are removed from the body by tubular secretion. High dosages of furosemide increase the urinary volume and the fractional Na+ excretion, but have no effect on the magnitude of residual GFR, renal creatinine clearance, renal urea clearance, and peritoneal transport characteristics. The drained dialysate volume per day is the main determinant of the peritoneal removal of urea. Its effect decreases the higher the molecular weight of a solute. It can be augmented by using large instillation volumes, by the application of more exchanges, and by increasing peritoneal ultrafiltration. A large exchange volume is especially effective in patients with an average transport state, but in those with high solute transport rates, Kt/Vurea is especially influenced by the number of exchanges. Possibilities to increase ultrafiltration are discussed. The diffusive capacity of the peritoneum can be augmented by using low dosages of intraperitoneally administered nitroprusside. This increases solute transport most markedly when it is applied in combination with icodextrin as osmotic agent. Small solutes clearances cannot be increased by furosemide. Increasing the instilled volume of dialysis fluid and the number of exchanges both affect solute clearance. Studies are necessary on long-term effects of manipulation of the peritoneal membrane with nitroprusside.
doi_str_mv 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00181.x
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The removal of low molecular weight solutes by peritoneal dialysis is less than by hemodialysis. The targets for Kt/Vurea and creatinine clearance formulated in the Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative are unlikely to be achieved in a substantial portion of peritoneal dialysis patients. Possibilities to increase small solute clearances have therefore been subject to many investigations. A review of the literature and of recent new data on determinants of solute removal, such as residual renal function, the role of drained dialysate volume and manipulation of the diffusive capacity of the peritoneum are presented. The contribution of residual GFR is more important for the clearance of creatinine than for Kt/Vurea. It is even more important for the removal of organic acids that are removed from the body by tubular secretion. 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The removal of low molecular weight solutes by peritoneal dialysis is less than by hemodialysis. The targets for Kt/Vurea and creatinine clearance formulated in the Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative are unlikely to be achieved in a substantial portion of peritoneal dialysis patients. Possibilities to increase small solute clearances have therefore been subject to many investigations. A review of the literature and of recent new data on determinants of solute removal, such as residual renal function, the role of drained dialysate volume and manipulation of the diffusive capacity of the peritoneum are presented. The contribution of residual GFR is more important for the clearance of creatinine than for Kt/Vurea. It is even more important for the removal of organic acids that are removed from the body by tubular secretion. High dosages of furosemide increase the urinary volume and the fractional Na+ excretion, but have no effect on the magnitude of residual GFR, renal creatinine clearance, renal urea clearance, and peritoneal transport characteristics. The drained dialysate volume per day is the main determinant of the peritoneal removal of urea. Its effect decreases the higher the molecular weight of a solute. It can be augmented by using large instillation volumes, by the application of more exchanges, and by increasing peritoneal ultrafiltration. A large exchange volume is especially effective in patients with an average transport state, but in those with high solute transport rates, Kt/Vurea is especially influenced by the number of exchanges. Possibilities to increase ultrafiltration are discussed. The diffusive capacity of the peritoneum can be augmented by using low dosages of intraperitoneally administered nitroprusside. This increases solute transport most markedly when it is applied in combination with icodextrin as osmotic agent. Small solutes clearances cannot be increased by furosemide. Increasing the instilled volume of dialysis fluid and the number of exchanges both affect solute clearance. Studies are necessary on long-term effects of manipulation of the peritoneal membrane with nitroprusside.</description><subject>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>clearance</subject><subject>Diffusion</subject><subject>diffusion in the peritoneum</subject><subject>drained dialysate volume</subject><subject>Emergency and intensive care: renal failure. Dialysis management</subject><subject>GFR</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Intensive care medicine</subject><subject>Kidney - physiopathology</subject><subject>low molecular weight solutes</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Membranes, Artificial</subject><subject>Peritoneal Dialysis</subject><subject>Peritoneum - metabolism</subject><subject>residual renal function</subject><subject>transport</subject><issn>0085-2538</issn><issn>1523-1755</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkMtOwzAQRS0EKqXwCUhZIHYJ48R27CUgXlIlNrC2XGdcuUqTYicI_p6krdolK2t0Zq6vDiEJhYwCE3erjPK8SGnJeUaVkhkAlTT7OSHTAzglUwDJ05wX8pxcxLiCYVYFTMhESV7kUk5Jft8v19h0vlkmsa37DhNbowmmsZj4Jtlg8F3boKmTypv6N_p4Sc6cqSNe7d8Z-Xx--nh8TefvL2-P9_PUshK6dJGDKySV3HBLWZ5Lo7izrOCCDY2tLJlgXOXOGlYuSqtc6YQFZNZhhQCmmJHbXe4mtF89xk6vfbRY16bBto9aKJBMlDAsyt2iDW2MAZ3eBL824VdT0KMuvdKjFT1a0aMuvdWlf4bT6_0f_WKN1eFw72fgN3tuojW1G734eMwXFAQTx5jGdH3AA2dMAds2fNhxHHx9eww6Wo-D4soHtJ2uWv9_1z-xiZG7</recordid><startdate>19981201</startdate><enddate>19981201</enddate><creator>Krediet, Raymond T.</creator><creator>Douma, Caroline E.</creator><creator>van Olden, Rudolf W.</creator><creator>Ho-dac-Pannekeet, Marja M.</creator><creator>Struijk, Dirk G.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Nature Publishing</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19981201</creationdate><title>Augmenting solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis</title><author>Krediet, Raymond T. ; Douma, Caroline E. ; van Olden, Rudolf W. ; Ho-dac-Pannekeet, Marja M. ; Struijk, Dirk G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c470t-b20f38185a5c14228a95fc43564199c87464592fca47b7c9f7f6c0e4cfede00a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>clearance</topic><topic>Diffusion</topic><topic>diffusion in the peritoneum</topic><topic>drained dialysate volume</topic><topic>Emergency and intensive care: renal failure. Dialysis management</topic><topic>GFR</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Intensive care medicine</topic><topic>Kidney - physiopathology</topic><topic>low molecular weight solutes</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Membranes, Artificial</topic><topic>Peritoneal Dialysis</topic><topic>Peritoneum - metabolism</topic><topic>residual renal function</topic><topic>transport</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Krediet, Raymond T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Douma, Caroline E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Olden, Rudolf W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho-dac-Pannekeet, Marja M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Struijk, Dirk G.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Kidney international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Krediet, Raymond T.</au><au>Douma, Caroline E.</au><au>van Olden, Rudolf W.</au><au>Ho-dac-Pannekeet, Marja M.</au><au>Struijk, Dirk G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Augmenting solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis</atitle><jtitle>Kidney international</jtitle><addtitle>Kidney Int</addtitle><date>1998-12-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>2218</spage><epage>2225</epage><pages>2218-2225</pages><issn>0085-2538</issn><eissn>1523-1755</eissn><coden>KDYIA5</coden><abstract>Augmenting solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis. The removal of low molecular weight solutes by peritoneal dialysis is less than by hemodialysis. The targets for Kt/Vurea and creatinine clearance formulated in the Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative are unlikely to be achieved in a substantial portion of peritoneal dialysis patients. Possibilities to increase small solute clearances have therefore been subject to many investigations. A review of the literature and of recent new data on determinants of solute removal, such as residual renal function, the role of drained dialysate volume and manipulation of the diffusive capacity of the peritoneum are presented. The contribution of residual GFR is more important for the clearance of creatinine than for Kt/Vurea. It is even more important for the removal of organic acids that are removed from the body by tubular secretion. High dosages of furosemide increase the urinary volume and the fractional Na+ excretion, but have no effect on the magnitude of residual GFR, renal creatinine clearance, renal urea clearance, and peritoneal transport characteristics. The drained dialysate volume per day is the main determinant of the peritoneal removal of urea. Its effect decreases the higher the molecular weight of a solute. It can be augmented by using large instillation volumes, by the application of more exchanges, and by increasing peritoneal ultrafiltration. A large exchange volume is especially effective in patients with an average transport state, but in those with high solute transport rates, Kt/Vurea is especially influenced by the number of exchanges. Possibilities to increase ultrafiltration are discussed. The diffusive capacity of the peritoneum can be augmented by using low dosages of intraperitoneally administered nitroprusside. This increases solute transport most markedly when it is applied in combination with icodextrin as osmotic agent. Small solutes clearances cannot be increased by furosemide. Increasing the instilled volume of dialysis fluid and the number of exchanges both affect solute clearance. Studies are necessary on long-term effects of manipulation of the peritoneal membrane with nitroprusside.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>9853288</pmid><doi>10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00181.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy
Biological and medical sciences
clearance
Diffusion
diffusion in the peritoneum
drained dialysate volume
Emergency and intensive care: renal failure. Dialysis management
GFR
Humans
Intensive care medicine
Kidney - physiopathology
low molecular weight solutes
Medical sciences
Membranes, Artificial
Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneum - metabolism
residual renal function
transport
title Augmenting solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis
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