Iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women in Hong Kong, where intake is of borderline sufficiency
Objective: To describe the iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women in Hong Kong, where intake is of borderline sufficiency. Design: Review of cross-sectional and prospective studies. Setting: China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Subjects: Pregnant and lactating women. Resul...
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description | Objective: To describe the iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women in Hong Kong, where intake is of borderline sufficiency. Design: Review of cross-sectional and prospective studies. Setting: China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Subjects: Pregnant and lactating women. Results: Studies of pregnant women in Hong Kong SAR have revealed an increase in the urinary iodine (UI) concentration as pregnancy advances. A significant percentage of women had a sub-normal serum thyroid hormone concentration at full term. Although iodine is concentrated by the mammary gland, 19% of all mothers had low iodine concentrations in their breast milk. The moderate correlation between the concentrations of iodine in breast milk and urine suggests that an adequate maternal urinary iodine concentration cannot reliably indicate that an infant is getting enough iodine in breast milk. Therefore, some breast-fed infants may still be at risk of low iodine intake, and additional iodine supplements, other than salt iodisation, would be warranted in this population. Conclusions: The currently recommended intake of iodine through universal salt iodisation may not be adequate for pregnant and lactating women, and supplementation during pregnancy and lactation should be further considered in light of the latest recommendations. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S1368980007360989 |
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Design: Review of cross-sectional and prospective studies. Setting: China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Subjects: Pregnant and lactating women. Results: Studies of pregnant women in Hong Kong SAR have revealed an increase in the urinary iodine (UI) concentration as pregnancy advances. A significant percentage of women had a sub-normal serum thyroid hormone concentration at full term. Although iodine is concentrated by the mammary gland, 19% of all mothers had low iodine concentrations in their breast milk. The moderate correlation between the concentrations of iodine in breast milk and urine suggests that an adequate maternal urinary iodine concentration cannot reliably indicate that an infant is getting enough iodine in breast milk. Therefore, some breast-fed infants may still be at risk of low iodine intake, and additional iodine supplements, other than salt iodisation, would be warranted in this population. Conclusions: The currently recommended intake of iodine through universal salt iodisation may not be adequate for pregnant and lactating women, and supplementation during pregnancy and lactation should be further considered in light of the latest recommendations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1368-9800</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-2727</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S1368980007360989</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18053285</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Babies ; Breast ; Breast milk ; Congenital diseases ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease control ; Endocrinology ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Hong Kong - epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Infant mortality ; Infants ; Iodine ; Iodine - administration & dosage ; Iodine - deficiency ; Iodine - metabolism ; Lactation ; Lactation - metabolism ; Lactation - physiology ; Mammary gland ; Mammary glands ; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology ; Milk ; Milk, Human - chemistry ; Mothers ; Nutrition ; Nutritional Requirements ; Nutritional Status ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy - metabolism ; Pregnancy - physiology ; Prospective Studies ; Public health ; Salt ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary - administration & dosage ; Thyroid ; Thyroid gland ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Public health nutrition, 2007-12, Vol.10 (12A), p.1600-1601</ispartof><rights>Copyright © The Author 2007</rights><rights>The Author</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-780c18aca6ad4bba64519a40ed74e219cdeeed3365fb0f4e25781142495079973</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-780c18aca6ad4bba64519a40ed74e219cdeeed3365fb0f4e25781142495079973</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18053285$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kung, Annie WC</creatorcontrib><title>Iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women in Hong Kong, where intake is of borderline sufficiency</title><title>Public health nutrition</title><addtitle>Public Health Nutr</addtitle><description>Objective: To describe the iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women in Hong Kong, where intake is of borderline sufficiency. Design: Review of cross-sectional and prospective studies. Setting: China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Subjects: Pregnant and lactating women. Results: Studies of pregnant women in Hong Kong SAR have revealed an increase in the urinary iodine (UI) concentration as pregnancy advances. A significant percentage of women had a sub-normal serum thyroid hormone concentration at full term. Although iodine is concentrated by the mammary gland, 19% of all mothers had low iodine concentrations in their breast milk. The moderate correlation between the concentrations of iodine in breast milk and urine suggests that an adequate maternal urinary iodine concentration cannot reliably indicate that an infant is getting enough iodine in breast milk. Therefore, some breast-fed infants may still be at risk of low iodine intake, and additional iodine supplements, other than salt iodisation, would be warranted in this population. Conclusions: The currently recommended intake of iodine through universal salt iodisation may not be adequate for pregnant and lactating women, and supplementation during pregnancy and lactation should be further considered in light of the latest recommendations.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Breast</subject><subject>Breast milk</subject><subject>Congenital diseases</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hong Kong - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypothyroidism</subject><subject>Infant mortality</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Iodine</subject><subject>Iodine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Iodine - deficiency</subject><subject>Iodine - metabolism</subject><subject>Lactation</subject><subject>Lactation - metabolism</subject><subject>Lactation - physiology</subject><subject>Mammary gland</subject><subject>Mammary glands</subject><subject>Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Milk, Human - chemistry</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Nutritional Requirements</subject><subject>Nutritional Status</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy - metabolism</subject><subject>Pregnancy - physiology</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Salt</subject><subject>Sodium Chloride, Dietary - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Thyroid</subject><subject>Thyroid gland</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1368-9800</issn><issn>1475-2727</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkVtrFjEQhoMo9qA_wBsJCr1yNefDpRS1xYIX6vWSTWa_pu4mn8kupf_eLP2goBRvMpmZ531zGIReUfKeEqo_fKdcGWsIIZorYo19go6p0LJjmumnbd_a3dY_Qie13jROaq2foyNqiOTMyGN0fZlDTIDTupS4xJxwHvG-wC65tGCXAp6cX9wS0w7f5hkSjglf5JZ9bcs7fHsNBVptcb9aqJt6yCVAmTbXuo5j9BGSv3uBno1uqvDyEE_Rz8-ffpxfdFffvlyef7zqvGRk6bQhnhrnnXJBDINTQlLrBIGgBTBqfQCAwLmS40DGVpLaUCqYsJJoazU_RWf3vvuSf69Ql36O1cM0uQR5rb2yRCiq6H9BzqkURLIGvv0LvMlrSe0RPTPt34VQ3DTqzaMU48RoS7fL0XvIl1xrgbHflzi7ctdT0m8j7f8ZadO8PhivwwzhQXGYYQP4wdTNQ4lhBw9HP277B8Z_qZs</recordid><startdate>200712</startdate><enddate>200712</enddate><creator>Kung, Annie WC</creator><general>Cambridge University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RQ</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200712</creationdate><title>Iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women in Hong Kong, where intake is of borderline sufficiency</title><author>Kung, Annie WC</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-780c18aca6ad4bba64519a40ed74e219cdeeed3365fb0f4e25781142495079973</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Babies</topic><topic>Breast</topic><topic>Breast milk</topic><topic>Congenital diseases</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Disease control</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hong Kong - epidemiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypothyroidism</topic><topic>Infant mortality</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Iodine</topic><topic>Iodine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Iodine - deficiency</topic><topic>Iodine - metabolism</topic><topic>Lactation</topic><topic>Lactation - metabolism</topic><topic>Lactation - physiology</topic><topic>Mammary gland</topic><topic>Mammary glands</topic><topic>Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Milk, Human - chemistry</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Nutritional Requirements</topic><topic>Nutritional Status</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy - metabolism</topic><topic>Pregnancy - physiology</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Salt</topic><topic>Sodium Chloride, Dietary - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Thyroid</topic><topic>Thyroid gland</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kung, Annie WC</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Career & Technical Education Database</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Public health nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kung, Annie WC</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women in Hong Kong, where intake is of borderline sufficiency</atitle><jtitle>Public health nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Public Health Nutr</addtitle><date>2007-12</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>12A</issue><spage>1600</spage><epage>1601</epage><pages>1600-1601</pages><issn>1368-9800</issn><eissn>1475-2727</eissn><abstract>Objective: To describe the iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women in Hong Kong, where intake is of borderline sufficiency. Design: Review of cross-sectional and prospective studies. Setting: China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Subjects: Pregnant and lactating women. Results: Studies of pregnant women in Hong Kong SAR have revealed an increase in the urinary iodine (UI) concentration as pregnancy advances. A significant percentage of women had a sub-normal serum thyroid hormone concentration at full term. Although iodine is concentrated by the mammary gland, 19% of all mothers had low iodine concentrations in their breast milk. The moderate correlation between the concentrations of iodine in breast milk and urine suggests that an adequate maternal urinary iodine concentration cannot reliably indicate that an infant is getting enough iodine in breast milk. Therefore, some breast-fed infants may still be at risk of low iodine intake, and additional iodine supplements, other than salt iodisation, would be warranted in this population. Conclusions: The currently recommended intake of iodine through universal salt iodisation may not be adequate for pregnant and lactating women, and supplementation during pregnancy and lactation should be further considered in light of the latest recommendations.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>18053285</pmid><doi>10.1017/S1368980007360989</doi><tpages>2</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Babies Breast Breast milk Congenital diseases Cross-Sectional Studies Disease control Endocrinology Epidemiology Female Hong Kong - epidemiology Humans Hypothyroidism Infant mortality Infants Iodine Iodine - administration & dosage Iodine - deficiency Iodine - metabolism Lactation Lactation - metabolism Lactation - physiology Mammary gland Mammary glands Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology Milk Milk, Human - chemistry Mothers Nutrition Nutritional Requirements Nutritional Status Pregnancy Pregnancy - metabolism Pregnancy - physiology Prospective Studies Public health Salt Sodium Chloride, Dietary - administration & dosage Thyroid Thyroid gland Womens health |
title | Iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactating women in Hong Kong, where intake is of borderline sufficiency |
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